Message-ID: <bfe43591-66b6-4fb9-bf6c-df79ddeffb17@redhat.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2025 10:08:40 +0100
From: David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>
To: Patrick Roy <roypat@...zon.co.uk>, rppt@...nel.org, seanjc@...gle.com
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Subject: Re: [PATCH v4 03/12] KVM: guest_memfd: Add flag to remove from direct
 map

On 26.02.25 09:48, Patrick Roy wrote:
> 
> 
> On Tue, 2025-02-25 at 16:54 +0000, David Hildenbrand wrote:> On 21.02.25 17:07, Patrick Roy wrote:
>>> Add KVM_GMEM_NO_DIRECT_MAP flag for KVM_CREATE_GUEST_MEMFD() ioctl. When
>>> set, guest_memfd folios will be removed from the direct map after
>>> preparation, with direct map entries only restored when the folios are
>>> freed.
>>>
>>> To ensure these folios do not end up in places where the kernel cannot
>>> deal with them, set AS_NO_DIRECT_MAP on the guest_memfd's struct
>>> address_space if KVM_GMEM_NO_DIRECT_MAP is requested.
>>>
>>> Note that this flag causes removal of direct map entries for all
>>> guest_memfd folios independent of whether they are "shared" or "private"
>>> (although current guest_memfd only supports either all folios in the
>>> "shared" state, or all folios in the "private" state if
>>> !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KVM_GMEM_SHARED_MEM)). The usecase for removing
>>> direct map entries of also the shared parts of guest_memfd are a special
>>> type of non-CoCo VM where, host userspace is trusted to have access to
>>> all of guest memory, but where Spectre-style transient execution attacks
>>> through the host kernel's direct map should still be mitigated.
>>>
>>> Note that KVM retains access to guest memory via userspace
>>> mappings of guest_memfd, which are reflected back into KVM's memslots
>>> via userspace_addr. This is needed for things like MMIO emulation on
>>> x86_64 to work. Previous iterations attempted to instead have KVM
>>> temporarily restore direct map entries whenever such an access to guest
>>> memory was needed, but this turned out to have a significant performance
>>> impact, as well as additional complexity due to needing to refcount
>>> direct map reinsertion operations and making them play nicely with gmem
>>> truncations.
>>>
>>> This iteration also doesn't have KVM perform TLB flushes after direct
>>> map manipulations. This is because TLB flushes resulted in a up to 40x
>>> elongation of page faults in guest_memfd (scaling with the number of CPU
>>> cores), or a 5x elongation of memory population. On the one hand, TLB
>>> flushes are not needed for functional correctness (the virt->phys
>>> mapping technically stays "correct",  the kernel should simply to not it
>>> for a while), so this is a correct optimization to make. On the other
>>> hand, it means that the desired protection from Spectre-style attacks is
>>> not perfect, as an attacker could try to prevent a stale TLB entry from
>>> getting evicted, keeping it alive until the page it refers to is used by
>>> the guest for some sensitive data, and then targeting it using a
>>> spectre-gadget.
>>>
>>> Signed-off-by: Patrick Roy <roypat@...zon.co.uk>
>>
>> ...
>>
>>>
>>> +static bool kvm_gmem_test_no_direct_map(struct inode *inode)
>>> +{
>>> +     return ((unsigned long) inode->i_private) & KVM_GMEM_NO_DIRECT_MAP;
>>> +}
>>> +
>>>    static inline void kvm_gmem_mark_prepared(struct folio *folio)
>>>    {
>>> +     struct inode *inode = folio_inode(folio);
>>> +
>>> +     if (kvm_gmem_test_no_direct_map(inode)) {
>>> +             int r = set_direct_map_valid_noflush(folio_page(folio, 0), folio_nr_pages(folio),
>>> +                                                  false);
>>
>> Will this work if KVM is built as a module, or is this another good
>> reason why we might want guest_memfd core part of core-mm?
> 
> mh, I'm admittedly not too familiar with the differences that would come
> from building KVM as a module vs not. I do remember something about the
> direct map accessors not being available for modules, so this would
> indeed not work. Does that mean moving gmem into core-mm will be a
> pre-requisite for the direct map removal stuff?

Likely, we'd need some shim.

Maybe for the time being it could be fenced using #if IS_BUILTIN() ... 
but that sure won't win in a beauty contest.

-- 
Cheers,

David / dhildenb

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