linux-kernel - [PATCH v2 1/4] rust: alloc: add Vec::len() <= Vec::capacity invariant

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Message-Id: <20250318-vec-set-len-v2-1-293d55f82d18@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2025 16:13:53 -0400
From: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@...il.com>
To: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@...nel.org>, 
 Andrew Ballance <andrewjballance@...il.com>, 
 Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@...gle.com>, Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@...nel.org>, 
 Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor@...il.com>, Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>, 
 Gary Guo <gary@...yguo.net>, 
 Björn Roy Baron <bjorn3_gh@...tonmail.com>, 
 Benno Lossin <benno.lossin@...ton.me>, 
 Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg@...nel.org>, Trevor Gross <tmgross@...ch.edu>
Cc: rust-for-linux@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, 
 Tamir Duberstein <tamird@...il.com>
Subject: [PATCH v2 1/4] rust: alloc: add Vec::len() <= Vec::capacity
 invariant

Document the invariant that the vector's length is always less than or
equal to its capacity. This is already implied by these other
invariants:

- `self.len` always represents the exact number of elements stored in
  the vector.
- `self.layout` represents the absolute number of elements that can be
  stored within the vector without re-allocation.

but it doesn't hurt to spell it out. Note that the language references
`self.capacity` rather than `self.layout.len` as the latter is zero for
a vector of ZSTs.

Signed-off-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@...il.com>
---
 rust/kernel/alloc/kvec.rs | 19 +++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/rust/kernel/alloc/kvec.rs b/rust/kernel/alloc/kvec.rs
index 18bcc59f0b38..ce58ee66c99b 100644
--- a/rust/kernel/alloc/kvec.rs
+++ b/rust/kernel/alloc/kvec.rs
@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ macro_rules! kvec {
 ///   without re-allocation. For ZSTs `self.layout`'s capacity is zero. However, it is legal for the
 ///   backing buffer to be larger than `layout`.
 ///
+/// - `self.len()` is always less than or equal to `self.capacity()`.
+///
 /// - The `Allocator` type `A` of the vector is the exact same `Allocator` type the backing buffer
 ///   was allocated with (and must be freed with).
 pub struct Vec<T, A: Allocator> {
@@ -259,8 +261,8 @@ pub const fn new() -> Self {
     /// Returns a slice of `MaybeUninit<T>` for the remaining spare capacity of the vector.
     pub fn spare_capacity_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [MaybeUninit<T>] {
         // SAFETY:
-        // - `self.len` is smaller than `self.capacity` and hence, the resulting pointer is
-        //   guaranteed to be part of the same allocated object.
+        // - `self.len` is smaller than `self.capacity` by the type invariant and hence, the
+        //   resulting pointer is guaranteed to be part of the same allocated object.
         // - `self.len` can not overflow `isize`.
         let ptr = unsafe { self.as_mut_ptr().add(self.len) } as *mut MaybeUninit<T>;
 
@@ -286,8 +288,8 @@ pub fn push(&mut self, v: T, flags: Flags) -> Result<(), AllocError> {
         self.reserve(1, flags)?;
 
         // SAFETY:
-        // - `self.len` is smaller than `self.capacity` and hence, the resulting pointer is
-        //   guaranteed to be part of the same allocated object.
+        // - `self.len` is smaller than `self.capacity` by the type invariant and hence, the
+        //   resulting pointer is guaranteed to be part of the same allocated object.
         // - `self.len` can not overflow `isize`.
         let ptr = unsafe { self.as_mut_ptr().add(self.len) };
 
@@ -793,12 +795,13 @@ pub fn collect(self, flags: Flags) -> Vec<T, A> {
             unsafe { ptr::copy(ptr, buf.as_ptr(), len) };
             ptr = buf.as_ptr();
 
-            // SAFETY: `len` is guaranteed to be smaller than `self.layout.len()`.
+            // SAFETY: `len` is guaranteed to be smaller than `self.layout.len()` by the type
+            // invariant.
             let layout = unsafe { ArrayLayout::<T>::new_unchecked(len) };
 
-            // SAFETY: `buf` points to the start of the backing buffer and `len` is guaranteed to be
-            // smaller than `cap`. Depending on `alloc` this operation may shrink the buffer or leaves
-            // it as it is.
+            // SAFETY: `buf` points to the start of the backing buffer and `len` is guaranteed by
+            // the type invariant to be smaller than `cap`. Depending on `alloc` this operation may
+            // shrink the buffer or leaves it as it is.
             ptr = match unsafe {
                 A::realloc(Some(buf.cast()), layout.into(), old_layout.into(), flags)
             } {

-- 
2.48.1