linux-kernel - [PATCH 2/2] mm: vmscan: fix kswapd exit condition in defrag

lists.openwall.net		lists / announce owl-users owl-dev john-users john-dev passwdqc-users yescrypt popa3d-users / oss-security kernel-hardening musl sabotage tlsify passwords / crypt-dev xvendor / Bugtraq Full-Disclosure linux-kernel linux-netdev linux-ext4 linux-hardening linux-cve-announce PHC
Open Source and information security mailing list archives

Hash Suite: Windows password security audit tool. GUI, reports in PDF.

[<prev] [next>] [<thread-prev] [thread-next>] [day] [month] [year] [list]

Message-ID: <20250416135142.778933-3-hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Date: Wed, 16 Apr 2025 09:45:40 -0400
From: Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>
To: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
	Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@...gle.com>,
	linux-mm@...ck.org,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] mm: vmscan: fix kswapd exit condition in defrag_mode

Vlastimil points out an issue with kswapd in defrag_mode not waking up
kcompactd reliably.

Background: When kswapd is woken for any higher-order request, it
initially checks those high-order watermarks to decide if work is
necesary. However, it cannot (efficiently) meet the contiguity goal of
such a request by itself. So once it has reclaimed a compaction gap,
it adjusts the request down to check for free order-0 pages, then
wakes kcompactd to coalesce them into larger blocks.

In defrag_mode, the initial watermark check needs to be analogously
against free pageblocks. However, once kswapd drops the high-order to
hand off contiguity work, it also needs to fall back to base page
watermarks - otherwise it'll keep reclaiming until blocks are freed.

While it appears kcompactd is woken up frequently enough to do most of
the compaction work, kswapd ends up overreclaiming by quite a bit:

                                                     DEFRAGMODE     DEFRAGMODE-thispatch
Hugealloc Time mean                       79381.34 (    +0.00%)    88126.12 (   +11.02%)
Hugealloc Time stddev                     85852.16 (    +0.00%)   135366.75 (   +57.67%)
Kbuild Real time                            249.35 (    +0.00%)      226.71 (    -9.04%)
Kbuild User time                           1249.16 (    +0.00%)     1249.37 (    +0.02%)
Kbuild System time                          171.76 (    +0.00%)      166.93 (    -2.79%)
THP fault alloc                           51666.87 (    +0.00%)    52685.60 (    +1.97%)
THP fault fallback                        16970.00 (    +0.00%)    15951.87 (    -6.00%)
Direct compact fail                         166.53 (    +0.00%)      178.93 (    +7.40%)
Direct compact success                       17.13 (    +0.00%)        4.13 (   -71.69%)
Compact daemon scanned migrate          3095413.33 (    +0.00%)  9231239.53 (  +198.22%)
Compact daemon scanned free             2155966.53 (    +0.00%)  7053692.87 (  +227.17%)
Compact direct scanned migrate           265642.47 (    +0.00%)    68388.33 (   -74.26%)
Compact direct scanned free              130252.60 (    +0.00%)    55634.87 (   -57.29%)
Compact total migrate scanned           3361055.80 (    +0.00%)  9299627.87 (  +176.69%)
Compact total free scanned              2286219.13 (    +0.00%)  7109327.73 (  +210.96%)
Alloc stall                                1890.80 (    +0.00%)     6297.60 (  +232.94%)
Pages kswapd scanned                    9043558.80 (    +0.00%)  5952576.73 (   -34.18%)
Pages kswapd reclaimed                  1891708.67 (    +0.00%)  1030645.00 (   -45.52%)
Pages direct scanned                    1017090.60 (    +0.00%)  2688047.60 (  +164.29%)
Pages direct reclaimed                    92682.60 (    +0.00%)   309770.53 (  +234.22%)
Pages total scanned                    10060649.40 (    +0.00%)  8640624.33 (   -14.11%)
Pages total reclaimed                   1984391.27 (    +0.00%)  1340415.53 (   -32.45%)
Swap out                                 884585.73 (    +0.00%)   417781.93 (   -52.77%)
Swap in                                  287106.27 (    +0.00%)    95589.73 (   -66.71%)
File refaults                            551697.60 (    +0.00%)   426474.80 (   -22.70%)

Reported-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>
Fixes: a211c6550efc ("mm: page_alloc: defrag_mode kswapd/kcompactd watermarks")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>
---
 mm/vmscan.c | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
index cc422ad830d6..3783e45bfc92 100644
--- a/mm/vmscan.c
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c
@@ -6747,8 +6747,14 @@ static bool pgdat_balanced(pg_data_t *pgdat, int order, int highest_zoneidx)
 		/*
 		 * In defrag_mode, watermarks must be met in whole
 		 * blocks to avoid polluting allocator fallbacks.
+		 *
+		 * However, kswapd usually cannot accomplish this on
+		 * its own and needs kcompactd support. Once it's
+		 * reclaimed a compaction gap, and kswapd_shrink_node
+		 * has dropped order, simply ensure there are enough
+		 * base pages for compaction, wake kcompactd & sleep.
 		 */
-		if (defrag_mode)
+		if (defrag_mode && order)
 			item = NR_FREE_PAGES_BLOCKS;
 		else
 			item = NR_FREE_PAGES;
-- 
2.49.0