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Message-ID: <1f50d7cf-2c08-4dc5-8b64-2d30dc24f3bb@kernel.org>
Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2025 10:01:47 +0800
From: Chao Yu <chao@...nel.org>
To: Daeho Jeong <daeho43@...il.com>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
linux-f2fs-devel@...ts.sourceforge.net, kernel-team@...roid.com
Cc: chao@...nel.org, Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@...gle.com>
Subject: Re: [f2fs-dev] [PATCH] f2fs-tools: introduce fault injection to fsck
On 4/19/25 00:56, Daeho Jeong wrote:
> From: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@...gle.com>
>
> Due to the difficulty of intentionally corrupting specific metadata on
> some storage devices like zoned storage devices, it is challenging to
> effectively verify fsck functionality. To facilitate this verification,
> it is necessary to add a fault injection mode.
Daeho,
What do you think of adding some stats for how many time it was injected
for each fault type? then we can check whether all faults we needed have
been triggered and also we can get the triggered count.
Thanks,
>
> Signed-off-by: Daeho Jeong <daehojeong@...gle.com>
> ---
> fsck/fsck.c | 106 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
> fsck/main.c | 22 ++++++++++
> fsck/mkquota.c | 3 ++
> include/f2fs_fs.h | 54 +++++++++++++++++++++++
> man/fsck.f2fs.8 | 36 ++++++++++++++++
> 5 files changed, 192 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/fsck/fsck.c b/fsck/fsck.c
> index 8155cbd..e879d8c 100644
> --- a/fsck/fsck.c
> +++ b/fsck/fsck.c
> @@ -16,6 +16,20 @@
> char *tree_mark;
> uint32_t tree_mark_size = 256;
>
> +const char *f2fs_fault_name[FAULT_MAX] = {
> + [FAULT_SEG_TYPE] = "invalid segment type",
> + [FAULT_SUM_TYPE] = "invalid summary type",
> + [FAULT_SUM_ENT] = "invalid summary entry",
> + [FAULT_NAT] = "invalid nat entry",
> + [FAULT_NODE] = "invalid node block",
> + [FAULT_XATTR_ENT] = "invalid xattr entry",
> + [FAULT_COMPR] = "invalid compression type",
> + [FAULT_INODE] = "invalid inode info",
> + [FAULT_DENTRY] = "invalid dentry",
> + [FAULT_DATA] = "invalid data block",
> + [FAULT_QUOTA] = "invalid quota",
> +};
> +
> int f2fs_set_main_bitmap(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 blk, int type)
> {
> struct f2fs_fsck *fsck = F2FS_FSCK(sbi);
> @@ -23,9 +37,9 @@ int f2fs_set_main_bitmap(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 blk, int type)
> int fix = 0;
>
> se = get_seg_entry(sbi, GET_SEGNO(sbi, blk));
> - if (se->type >= NO_CHECK_TYPE)
> - fix = 1;
> - else if (IS_DATASEG(se->type) != IS_DATASEG(type))
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_SEG_TYPE) ||
> + (se->type >= NO_CHECK_TYPE) ||
> + (IS_DATASEG(se->type) != IS_DATASEG(type)))
> fix = 1;
>
> /* just check data and node types */
> @@ -168,7 +182,8 @@ static int is_valid_ssa_node_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
>
> sum_blk = get_sum_block(sbi, segno, &type);
>
> - if (type != SEG_TYPE_NODE && type != SEG_TYPE_CUR_NODE) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_SUM_TYPE) ||
> + (type != SEG_TYPE_NODE && type != SEG_TYPE_CUR_NODE)) {
> /* can't fix current summary, then drop the block */
> if (!c.fix_on || type < 0) {
> ASSERT_MSG("Summary footer is not for node segment");
> @@ -189,7 +204,8 @@ static int is_valid_ssa_node_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
>
> sum_entry = &(sum_blk->entries[offset]);
>
> - if (le32_to_cpu(sum_entry->nid) != nid) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_SUM_ENT) ||
> + (le32_to_cpu(sum_entry->nid) != nid)) {
> if (!c.fix_on || type < 0) {
> DBG(0, "nid [0x%x]\n", nid);
> DBG(0, "target blk_addr [0x%x]\n", blk_addr);
> @@ -282,7 +298,7 @@ static int is_valid_ssa_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 blk_addr,
> struct f2fs_summary *sum_entry;
> struct seg_entry * se;
> u32 segno, offset;
> - int need_fix = 0, ret = 0;
> + int need_fix = 0, ret = 0, fault_sum_ent = 0;
> int type;
>
> if (get_sb(feature) & F2FS_FEATURE_RO)
> @@ -293,7 +309,8 @@ static int is_valid_ssa_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 blk_addr,
>
> sum_blk = get_sum_block(sbi, segno, &type);
>
> - if (type != SEG_TYPE_DATA && type != SEG_TYPE_CUR_DATA) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_SUM_TYPE) ||
> + (type != SEG_TYPE_DATA && type != SEG_TYPE_CUR_DATA)) {
> /* can't fix current summary, then drop the block */
> if (!c.fix_on || type < 0) {
> ASSERT_MSG("Summary footer is not for data segment");
> @@ -314,7 +331,10 @@ static int is_valid_ssa_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 blk_addr,
>
> sum_entry = &(sum_blk->entries[offset]);
>
> - if (le32_to_cpu(sum_entry->nid) != parent_nid ||
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_SUM_ENT))
> + fault_sum_ent = 1;
> +
> + if (fault_sum_ent || le32_to_cpu(sum_entry->nid) != parent_nid ||
> sum_entry->version != version ||
> le16_to_cpu(sum_entry->ofs_in_node) != idx_in_node) {
> if (!c.fix_on || type < 0) {
> @@ -333,7 +353,8 @@ static int is_valid_ssa_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 blk_addr,
> DBG(0, "Target data block addr [0x%x]\n", blk_addr);
> ASSERT_MSG("Invalid data seg summary\n");
> ret = -EINVAL;
> - } else if (is_valid_summary(sbi, sum_entry, blk_addr)) {
> + } else if (!fault_sum_ent &&
> + is_valid_summary(sbi, sum_entry, blk_addr)) {
> /* delete wrong index */
> ret = -EINVAL;
> } else {
> @@ -397,6 +418,9 @@ err:
> static int sanity_check_nat(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> struct node_info *ni)
> {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_NAT))
> + return -EINVAL;
> +
> if (!IS_VALID_NID(sbi, nid)) {
> ASSERT_MSG("nid is not valid. [0x%x]", nid);
> return -EINVAL;
> @@ -436,6 +460,9 @@ static int sanity_check_nid(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> struct f2fs_fsck *fsck = F2FS_FSCK(sbi);
> int ret;
>
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_NODE))
> + return -EINVAL;
> +
> ret = sanity_check_nat(sbi, nid, ni);
> if (ret)
> return ret;
> @@ -865,7 +892,7 @@ int chk_extended_attributes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> "end of list", nid);
> need_fix = true;
> }
> - if (need_fix && c.fix_on) {
> + if ((time_to_inject(FAULT_XATTR_ENT) || need_fix) && c.fix_on) {
> memset(ent, 0, (u8 *)last_base_addr - (u8 *)ent);
> write_all_xattrs(sbi, inode, xattr_size, xattr);
> FIX_MSG("[0x%x] nullify wrong xattr entries", nid);
> @@ -907,7 +934,8 @@ void fsck_chk_inode_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, u32 nid,
> if (!compressed)
> goto check_next;
>
> - if (!compr_supported || (node_blk->i.i_inline & F2FS_INLINE_DATA)) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_COMPR) || !compr_supported ||
> + (node_blk->i.i_inline & F2FS_INLINE_DATA)) {
> /*
> * The 'compression' flag in i_flags affects the traverse of
> * the node tree. Thus, it must be fixed unconditionally
> @@ -943,12 +971,13 @@ check_next:
> f2fs_set_main_bitmap(sbi, ni->blk_addr,
> CURSEG_WARM_NODE);
>
> - if (i_links == 0 && (ftype == F2FS_FT_CHRDEV ||
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_INODE) ||
> + (i_links == 0 && (ftype == F2FS_FT_CHRDEV ||
> ftype == F2FS_FT_BLKDEV ||
> ftype == F2FS_FT_FIFO ||
> ftype == F2FS_FT_SOCK ||
> ftype == F2FS_FT_SYMLINK ||
> - ftype == F2FS_FT_REG_FILE)) {
> + ftype == F2FS_FT_REG_FILE))) {
> ASSERT_MSG("ino: 0x%x ftype: %d has i_links: %u",
> nid, ftype, i_links);
> if (c.fix_on) {
> @@ -1008,7 +1037,8 @@ check_next:
> if (c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_EXTRA_ATTR) {
> unsigned int isize =
> le16_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_extra_isize);
> - if (isize > 4 * DEF_ADDRS_PER_INODE) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_INODE) ||
> + (isize > 4 * DEF_ADDRS_PER_INODE)) {
> ASSERT_MSG("[0x%x] wrong i_extra_isize=0x%x",
> nid, isize);
> if (c.fix_on) {
> @@ -1038,8 +1068,9 @@ check_next:
> unsigned int inline_size =
> le16_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_inline_xattr_size);
>
> - if (!inline_size ||
> - inline_size > MAX_INLINE_XATTR_SIZE) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_INODE) ||
> + (!inline_size ||
> + inline_size > MAX_INLINE_XATTR_SIZE)) {
> ASSERT_MSG("[0x%x] wrong inline_xattr_size:%u",
> nid, inline_size);
> if (c.fix_on) {
> @@ -1056,9 +1087,10 @@ check_next:
> }
> ofs = get_extra_isize(node_blk);
>
> - if ((node_blk->i.i_flags & cpu_to_le32(F2FS_CASEFOLD_FL)) &&
> - (!S_ISDIR(le16_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_mode)) ||
> - !(c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_CASEFOLD))) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_INODE) ||
> + ((node_blk->i.i_flags & cpu_to_le32(F2FS_CASEFOLD_FL)) &&
> + (!S_ISDIR(le16_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_mode)) ||
> + !(c.feature & F2FS_FEATURE_CASEFOLD)))) {
> ASSERT_MSG("[0x%x] unexpected casefold flag", nid);
> if (c.fix_on) {
> FIX_MSG("ino[0x%x] clear casefold flag", nid);
> @@ -1077,7 +1109,8 @@ check_next:
> qf_szchk_type[cur_qtype] = QF_SZCHK_INLINE;
> block_t blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs]);
>
> - if (blkaddr != NULL_ADDR) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_INODE) ||
> + (blkaddr != NULL_ADDR)) {
> ASSERT_MSG("[0x%x] wrong inline reserve blkaddr:%u",
> nid, blkaddr);
> if (c.fix_on) {
> @@ -1088,7 +1121,8 @@ check_next:
> need_fix = 1;
> }
> }
> - if (i_size > inline_size) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_INODE) ||
> + (i_size > inline_size)) {
> ASSERT_MSG("[0x%x] wrong inline size:%lu",
> nid, (unsigned long)i_size);
> if (c.fix_on) {
> @@ -1118,7 +1152,7 @@ check_next:
> block_t blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(node_blk->i.i_addr[ofs]);
>
> DBG(3, "ino[0x%x] has inline dentry!\n", nid);
> - if (blkaddr != 0) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_INODE) || (blkaddr != 0)) {
> ASSERT_MSG("[0x%x] wrong inline reserve blkaddr:%u",
> nid, blkaddr);
> if (c.fix_on) {
> @@ -1728,6 +1762,9 @@ static int f2fs_check_hash_code(int encoding, int casefolded,
> struct f2fs_dir_entry *dentry,
> const unsigned char *name, u32 len, int enc_name)
> {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_DENTRY))
> + return 1;
> +
> /* Casefolded Encrypted names require a key to compute siphash */
> if (enc_name && casefolded)
> return 0;
> @@ -1799,7 +1836,8 @@ static int __chk_dots_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
> int fixed = 0;
>
> if ((name[0] == '.' && len == 1)) {
> - if (le32_to_cpu(dentry->ino) != child->p_ino) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_DENTRY) ||
> + (le32_to_cpu(dentry->ino) != child->p_ino)) {
> ASSERT_MSG("Bad inode number[0x%x] for '.', parent_ino is [0x%x]\n",
> le32_to_cpu(dentry->ino), child->p_ino);
> dentry->ino = cpu_to_le32(child->p_ino);
> @@ -1809,13 +1847,16 @@ static int __chk_dots_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
>
> if (name[0] == '.' && name[1] == '.' && len == 2) {
> if (child->p_ino == F2FS_ROOT_INO(sbi)) {
> - if (le32_to_cpu(dentry->ino) != F2FS_ROOT_INO(sbi)) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_DENTRY) ||
> + (le32_to_cpu(dentry->ino) !=
> + F2FS_ROOT_INO(sbi))) {
> ASSERT_MSG("Bad inode number[0x%x] for '..'\n",
> le32_to_cpu(dentry->ino));
> dentry->ino = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_ROOT_INO(sbi));
> fixed = 1;
> }
> - } else if (le32_to_cpu(dentry->ino) != child->pp_ino) {
> + } else if (time_to_inject(FAULT_DENTRY) ||
> + (le32_to_cpu(dentry->ino) != child->pp_ino)) {
> ASSERT_MSG("Bad inode number[0x%x] for '..', parent parent ino is [0x%x]\n",
> le32_to_cpu(dentry->ino), child->pp_ino);
> dentry->ino = cpu_to_le32(child->pp_ino);
> @@ -1826,7 +1867,7 @@ static int __chk_dots_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
> if (f2fs_check_hash_code(get_encoding(sbi), casefolded, dentry, name, len, enc_name))
> fixed = 1;
>
> - if (name[len] != '\0') {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_DENTRY) || (name[len] != '\0')) {
> ASSERT_MSG("'.' is not NULL terminated\n");
> name[len] = '\0';
> memcpy(*filename, name, len);
> @@ -1889,7 +1930,8 @@ static int __chk_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> i++;
> continue;
> }
> - if (!IS_VALID_NID(sbi, le32_to_cpu(dentry[i].ino))) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_DENTRY) ||
> + !IS_VALID_NID(sbi, le32_to_cpu(dentry[i].ino))) {
> ASSERT_MSG("Bad dentry 0x%x with invalid NID/ino 0x%x",
> i, le32_to_cpu(dentry[i].ino));
> if (c.fix_on) {
> @@ -1903,7 +1945,9 @@ static int __chk_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
> }
>
> ftype = dentry[i].file_type;
> - if ((ftype <= F2FS_FT_UNKNOWN || ftype > F2FS_FT_LAST_FILE_TYPE)) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_DENTRY) ||
> + (ftype <= F2FS_FT_UNKNOWN ||
> + ftype > F2FS_FT_LAST_FILE_TYPE)) {
> ASSERT_MSG("Bad dentry 0x%x with unexpected ftype 0x%x",
> le32_to_cpu(dentry[i].ino), ftype);
> if (c.fix_on) {
> @@ -1918,7 +1962,8 @@ static int __chk_dentries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int casefolded,
>
> name_len = le16_to_cpu(dentry[i].name_len);
>
> - if (name_len == 0 || name_len > F2FS_NAME_LEN) {
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_DENTRY) ||
> + (name_len == 0 || name_len > F2FS_NAME_LEN)) {
> ASSERT_MSG("Bad dentry 0x%x with invalid name_len", i);
> if (c.fix_on) {
> FIX_MSG("Clear bad dentry 0x%x", i);
> @@ -2153,6 +2198,9 @@ int fsck_chk_data_blk(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_inode *inode,
> return 0;
> }
>
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_DATA))
> + return -EINVAL;
> +
> if (!f2fs_is_valid_blkaddr(sbi, blk_addr, DATA_GENERIC)) {
> ASSERT_MSG("blkaddress is not valid. [0x%x]", blk_addr);
> return -EINVAL;
> diff --git a/fsck/main.c b/fsck/main.c
> index 47ba6c9..29792d8 100644
> --- a/fsck/main.c
> +++ b/fsck/main.c
> @@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ void fsck_usage()
> MSG(0, " --no-kernel-check skips detecting kernel change\n");
> MSG(0, " --kernel-check checks kernel change\n");
> MSG(0, " --debug-cache to debug cache when -c is used\n");
> + MSG(0, " --fault_injection=%%d to enable fault injection with specified injection rate\n");
> + MSG(0, " --fault_type=%%d to configure enabled fault injection type\n");
> exit(1);
> }
>
> @@ -263,6 +265,8 @@ void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> {"no-kernel-check", no_argument, 0, 2},
> {"kernel-check", no_argument, 0, 3},
> {"debug-cache", no_argument, 0, 4},
> + {"fault_injection", required_argument, 0, 5},
> + {"fault_type", required_argument, 0, 6},
> {0, 0, 0, 0}
> };
>
> @@ -287,6 +291,24 @@ void f2fs_parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
> case 4:
> c.cache_config.dbg_en = true;
> break;
> + case 5:
> + val = atoi(optarg);
> + if ((unsigned int)val <= 1) {
> + MSG(0, "\tError: injection rate must be larger "
> + "than 1: %d\n", val);
> + fsck_usage();
> + }
> + c.fault_info.inject_rate = val;
> + c.fault_info.inject_type = F2FS_ALL_FAULT_TYPE;
> + break;
> + case 6:
> + val = atoi(optarg);
> + if (val >= (1UL << (FAULT_MAX))) {
> + MSG(0, "\tError: Invalid inject type: %x\n", val);
> + fsck_usage();
> + }
> + c.fault_info.inject_type = val;
> + break;
> case 'a':
> c.auto_fix = 1;
> MSG(0, "Info: Automatic fix mode enabled.\n");
> diff --git a/fsck/mkquota.c b/fsck/mkquota.c
> index 2451b58..eb63fc9 100644
> --- a/fsck/mkquota.c
> +++ b/fsck/mkquota.c
> @@ -372,6 +372,9 @@ errcode_t quota_compare_and_update(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
> dict_t *dict = qctx->quota_dict[qtype];
> errcode_t err = 0;
>
> + if (time_to_inject(FAULT_QUOTA))
> + return -EINVAL;
> +
> if (!dict)
> goto out;
>
> diff --git a/include/f2fs_fs.h b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> index bb40adc..3e1056c 100644
> --- a/include/f2fs_fs.h
> +++ b/include/f2fs_fs.h
> @@ -1476,6 +1476,33 @@ enum {
> F2FS_FEATURE_NAT_BITS = 0x0001,
> };
>
> +/* Fault inject control */
> +enum {
> + FAULT_SEG_TYPE,
> + FAULT_SUM_TYPE,
> + FAULT_SUM_ENT,
> + FAULT_NAT,
> + FAULT_NODE,
> + FAULT_XATTR_ENT,
> + FAULT_COMPR,
> + FAULT_INODE,
> + FAULT_DENTRY,
> + FAULT_DATA,
> + FAULT_QUOTA,
> + FAULT_MAX
> +};
> +
> +#define F2FS_ALL_FAULT_TYPE ((1UL << (FAULT_MAX)) - 1)
> +
> +struct f2fs_fault_info {
> + int inject_ops;
> + int inject_rate;
> + unsigned int inject_type;
> +};
> +
> +extern const char *f2fs_fault_name[FAULT_MAX];
> +#define IS_FAULT_SET(fi, type) ((fi)->inject_type & (1UL << (type)))
> +
> struct f2fs_configuration {
> uint32_t conf_reserved_sections;
> uint32_t reserved_segments;
> @@ -1604,6 +1631,9 @@ struct f2fs_configuration {
> struct f2fs_journal nat_jnl;
> char nat_bytes[F2FS_MAX_BLKSIZE];
> };
> +
> + /* Fault injection control */
> + struct f2fs_fault_info fault_info;
> };
>
> extern int utf8_to_utf16(char *, const char *, size_t, size_t);
> @@ -2131,4 +2161,28 @@ static inline void check_block_struct_sizes(void)
> + NR_DENTRY_IN_BLOCK * F2FS_SLOT_LEN * sizeof(u8) == F2FS_BLKSIZE);
> }
>
> +/* Fault inject control */
> +#define time_to_inject(type) __time_to_inject(type, __func__, \
> + __builtin_return_address(0))
> +static inline bool __time_to_inject(int type, const char *func,
> + const char *parent_func)
> +{
> + struct f2fs_fault_info *ffi = &c.fault_info;
> +
> + if (!ffi->inject_rate)
> + return false;
> +
> + if (!IS_FAULT_SET(ffi, type))
> + return false;
> +
> + ffi->inject_ops++;
> + if (ffi->inject_ops >= ffi->inject_rate) {
> + ffi->inject_ops = 0;
> + MSG(0, "inject %s in %s of %p\n",
> + f2fs_fault_name[type], func, parent_func);
> + return true;
> + }
> + return false;
> +}
> +
> #endif /*__F2FS_FS_H */
> diff --git a/man/fsck.f2fs.8 b/man/fsck.f2fs.8
> index e39a846..3762e6d 100644
> --- a/man/fsck.f2fs.8
> +++ b/man/fsck.f2fs.8
> @@ -67,6 +67,42 @@ Enable to show every directory entries in the partition.
> Specify the level of debugging options.
> The default number is 0, which shows basic debugging messages.
> .TP
> +.BI \-\-fault_injection=%d " enable fault injection"
> +Enable fault injection in all supported types with specified injection rate.
> +.TP
> +.BI \-\-fault_type=%d " configure fault injection type"
> +Support configuring fault injection type, should be enabled with
> +fault_injection option, fault type value is shown below, it supports
> +single or combined type.
> +.br
> +=========================== ===========
> +.br
> +Type_Name Type_Value
> +.br
> +=========================== ===========
> +.br
> +FAULT_SEG_TYPE 0x000000001
> +.br
> +FAULT_SUM_TYPE 0x000000002
> +.br
> +FAULT_SUM_ENT 0x000000004
> +.br
> +FAULT_NAT 0x000000008
> +.br
> +FAULT_NODE 0x000000010
> +.br
> +FAULT_XATTR_ENT 0x000000020
> +.br
> +FAULT_COMPR 0x000000040
> +.br
> +FAULT_INODE 0x000000080
> +.br
> +FAULT_DENTRY 0x000000100
> +.br
> +FAULT_DATA 0x000000200
> +.br
> +FAULT_QUOTA 0x000000400
> +.TP
> .SH AUTHOR
> Initial checking code was written by Byoung Geun Kim <bgbg.kim@...sung.com>.
> Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@...nel.org> reworked most parts of the codes to support
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