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Message-ID: <20250611131438.651493-1-marco.crivellari@suse.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2025 15:14:29 +0200
From: Marco Crivellari <marco.crivellari@...e.com>
To: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@...nel.org>,
	Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@...il.com>,
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
	Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@...nel.org>,
	Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@...utronix.de>,
	Marco Crivellari <marco.crivellari@...e.com>,
	Michal Hocko <mhocko@...e.com>
Subject: [PATCH v3 0/9] Workqueue: rename system workqueue and add WQ_PERCPU

Hi!

Below is a summary of a discussion about the Workqueue API and cpu isolation
considerations. Details and more information are available here:

	"workqueue: Always use wq_select_unbound_cpu() for WORK_CPU_UNBOUND."
	https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250221112003.1dSuoGyc@linutronix.de/

=== Current situation: problems ===

Let's consider a nohz_full system with isolated CPUs: wq_unbound_cpumask is
set to the housekeeping CPUs, for !WQ_UNBOUND the local CPU is selected.

This leads to different scenarios if a work item is scheduled on an isolated
CPU where "delay" value is 0 or greater then 0:
	schedule_delayed_work(, 0);

This will be handled by __queue_work() that will queue the work item on the
current local (isolated) CPU, while:

	schedule_delayed_work(, 1);

Will move the timer on an housekeeping CPU, and schedule the work there.

Currently if a user enqueue a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the
used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use
WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to
schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use
again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.

This lack of consistentcy cannot be addressed without refactoring the API.

=== Plan and future plans ===

This patchset is the first stone on a refactoring needed in order to
address the points aforementioned; it will have a positive impact also
on the cpu isolation, in the long term, moving away percpu workqueue in
favor to an unbound model.

These are the main steps:
1)  API refactoring (that this patch is introducing)
	-	Make more clear and uniform the system wq names, both per-cpu and
		unbound. This to avoid any possible confusion on what should be
		used.

	-	Introduction of WQ_PERCPU: this flag is the complement of WQ_UNBOUND,
		introduced in this patchset and used on all the callers that are not
		currently using WQ_UNBOUND.

		WQ_UNBOUND will be removed in a future release cycle.

		Most users don't need to be per-cpu, because they don't have
		locality requirements, because of that, a next future step will be
		make "unbound" the default behavior.
2)  Check who really needs to be per-cpu
	-	Remove the WQ_PERCPU flag when is not strictly required.

3)  Add a new API (prefer local cpu)
	-	There are users that don't require a local execution, like mentioned
		above; despite that, local execution yeld to performance gain.

		This new API will prefer the local execution, without requiring it.

=== Introduced Changes by this patchset ===

1)  [P 1-2-3] system workqueue rename:

		system_wq is a per-CPU workqueue, but his name is not clear.
		system_unbound_wq is to be used when locality is not required.

		Because of that, system_wq has been renamed in system_percpu_wq,
		while system_unbound_wq is now system_dfl_wq.

		The old wq are still around, but if used in queue_work(), a pr_warn_once()
		will be printed and the wq used is automatically assigned to the new
		default (system_dfl_wq or system_percpu_wq).

2)  [P 4] Introduction of WQ_PERCPU.

		This patch adds the new WQ_PERCPU flag to explicitly require to be per-cpu.

		Every alloc_workqueue() caller should use one among WQ_PERCPU or
		WQ_UNBOUND. This is actually enforced warning if both or none of them
		are present at the same time.

		WQ_UNBOUND will be removed in a next release cycle.
	
	[P 5-6-7-8] WQ_PERCPU to alloc_workqueue callers
		This patches adds to every alloc_workqueue() caller that require it,
		the new WQ_PERCPU flag. This is done in separate patches for 3 different
		subsystem: mm, fs, net.
		P 7 introduce the change to all the remaining callers.

3)  [P 9] WQ_PERCPU documented in workqueue.rst

		Added a short section about WQ_PERCPU and a Note under WQ_UNBOUND
		mentioning that it will be removed in the future.

---
Changes in v3:
-	The introduction of the new wq(s) and the WQ_PERCPU flag have been moved
	in separated patches (1 for wq(s) and 1 for WQ_PERCPU).
-	WQ_PERCPU is now added to all the alloc_workqueue callers in separated patches
	addressing few subsystems first (fs, mm, net).

Changes in v2:
-	Introduction of WQ_PERCPU change has been merged with the alloc_workqueue()
	patch that pass the WQ_PERCPU flag explicitly to every caller.
-	(2 drivers) in the code not matched by Coccinelle; WQ_PERCPU added also there.
-	WQ_PERCPU added to __WQ_BH_ALLOWS.
-	queue_work() now prints a warning (pr_warn_once()) if a user is using the
	old wq and redirect the wrong / old wq to the new one.
-	Changes to workqueue.rst about the WQ_PERCPU flag and a Note about the
	future of WQ_UNBOUND.

Marco Crivellari (9):
  Workqueue: add system_percpu_wq and system_dfl_wq
  Workqueue: replace use of system_wq with system_percpu_wq
  Workqueue: replace use of system_unbound_wq with system_dfl_wq
  Workqueue: add new WQ_PERCPU flag
  Workqueue: net: WQ_PERCPU added to alloc_workqueue users
  Workqueue: mm: WQ_PERCPU added to alloc_workqueue users
  Workqueue: fs: WQ_PERCPU added to alloc_workqueue users
  Workqueue: WQ_PERCPU added to all the remaining users
  [Doc] Workqueue: add WQ_PERCPU

 Documentation/core-api/workqueue.rst          | 10 +++
 arch/s390/kernel/diag/diag324.c               |  4 +-
 arch/s390/kernel/hiperdispatch.c              |  2 +-
 block/bio-integrity-auto.c                    |  5 +-
 block/bio.c                                   |  3 +-
 block/blk-core.c                              |  3 +-
 block/blk-throttle.c                          |  3 +-
 block/blk-zoned.c                             |  3 +-
 crypto/cryptd.c                               |  3 +-
 drivers/accel/ivpu/ivpu_hw_btrs.c             |  2 +-
 drivers/accel/ivpu/ivpu_ipc.c                 |  2 +-
 drivers/accel/ivpu/ivpu_job.c                 |  2 +-
 drivers/accel/ivpu/ivpu_mmu.c                 |  2 +-
 drivers/accel/ivpu/ivpu_pm.c                  |  4 +-
 drivers/acpi/ec.c                             |  3 +-
 drivers/acpi/osl.c                            |  6 +-
 drivers/acpi/scan.c                           |  2 +-
 drivers/acpi/thermal.c                        |  3 +-
 drivers/ata/libata-sff.c                      |  3 +-
 drivers/base/core.c                           |  2 +-
 drivers/base/dd.c                             |  2 +-
 drivers/base/devcoredump.c                    |  2 +-
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 drivers/block/nbd.c                           |  2 +-
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 drivers/block/sunvdc.c                        |  4 +-
 drivers/block/virtio_blk.c                    |  2 +-
 drivers/block/zram/zram_drv.c                 |  2 +-
 drivers/bus/mhi/ep/main.c                     |  2 +-
 drivers/char/random.c                         |  8 +--
 drivers/char/tpm/tpm-dev-common.c             |  3 +-
 drivers/char/xillybus/xillybus_core.c         |  2 +-
 drivers/char/xillybus/xillyusb.c              |  4 +-
 drivers/cpufreq/tegra194-cpufreq.c            |  3 +-
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 .../crypto/intel/qat/qat_common/adf_vf_isr.c  |  3 +-
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 drivers/firewire/ohci.c                       |  3 +-
 drivers/gpio/gpiolib-cdev.c                   |  4 +-
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 drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdkfd/kfd_process.c      |  3 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/bridge/analogix/anx7625.c     |  3 +-
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 drivers/gpu/drm/exynos/exynos_hdmi.c          |  2 +-
 .../drm/i915/display/intel_display_driver.c   |  3 +-
 .../drm/i915/display/intel_display_power.c    |  2 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_tc.c       |  4 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_ttm_move.c  |  2 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/uc/intel_guc.c        |  4 +-
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 .../gpu/drm/i915/gt/uc/intel_guc_submission.c |  6 +-
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 drivers/gpu/drm/nouveau/nouveau_sched.c       |  3 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_display.c       |  3 +-
 .../gpu/drm/rockchip/dw_hdmi_qp-rockchip.c    |  4 +-
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 drivers/input/keyboard/gpio_keys.c            |  2 +-
 drivers/input/misc/palmas-pwrbutton.c         |  2 +-
 drivers/input/mouse/psmouse-smbus.c           |  2 +-
 drivers/input/mouse/synaptics_i2c.c           |  8 +--
 drivers/isdn/capi/kcapi.c                     |  2 +-
 drivers/leds/trigger/ledtrig-input-events.c   |  2 +-
 drivers/md/bcache/btree.c                     |  3 +-
 drivers/md/bcache/super.c                     | 30 ++++----
 drivers/md/bcache/writeback.c                 |  2 +-
 drivers/md/dm-bufio.c                         |  3 +-
 drivers/md/dm-cache-target.c                  |  3 +-
 drivers/md/dm-clone-target.c                  |  3 +-
 drivers/md/dm-crypt.c                         |  6 +-
 drivers/md/dm-delay.c                         |  4 +-
 drivers/md/dm-integrity.c                     | 15 ++--
 drivers/md/dm-kcopyd.c                        |  3 +-
 drivers/md/dm-log-userspace-base.c            |  3 +-
 drivers/md/dm-mpath.c                         |  5 +-
 drivers/md/dm-raid1.c                         |  5 +-
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 drivers/md/dm-stripe.c                        |  2 +-
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 .../platform/mediatek/mdp3/mtk-mdp3-core.c    |  6 +-
 .../platform/synopsys/hdmirx/snps_hdmirx.c    |  8 +--
 drivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c              |  7 +-
 drivers/mmc/core/block.c                      |  3 +-
 drivers/mmc/host/mtk-sd.c                     |  4 +-
 drivers/mmc/host/omap.c                       |  2 +-
 drivers/net/can/spi/hi311x.c                  |  3 +-
 drivers/net/can/spi/mcp251x.c                 |  3 +-
 .../net/ethernet/cavium/liquidio/lio_core.c   |  2 +-
 .../net/ethernet/cavium/liquidio/lio_main.c   |  8 ++-
 .../ethernet/cavium/liquidio/lio_vf_main.c    |  3 +-
 .../cavium/liquidio/request_manager.c         |  2 +-
 .../cavium/liquidio/response_manager.c        |  3 +-
 .../net/ethernet/freescale/dpaa2/dpaa2-eth.c  |  2 +-
 .../hisilicon/hns3/hns3pf/hclge_main.c        |  3 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/intel/fm10k/fm10k_main.c |  2 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/i40e_main.c   |  2 +-
 .../net/ethernet/marvell/octeontx2/af/cgx.c   |  2 +-
 .../marvell/octeontx2/af/mcs_rvu_if.c         |  2 +-
 .../ethernet/marvell/octeontx2/af/rvu_cgx.c   |  2 +-
 .../ethernet/marvell/octeontx2/af/rvu_rep.c   |  2 +-
 .../marvell/octeontx2/nic/cn10k_ipsec.c       |  3 +-
 .../ethernet/marvell/prestera/prestera_main.c |  2 +-
 .../ethernet/marvell/prestera/prestera_pci.c  |  2 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlxsw/core.c    |  4 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/netronome/nfp/nfp_main.c |  2 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/qlogic/qed/qed_main.c    |  3 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/sfc/efx_channels.c       |  2 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/sfc/siena/efx_channels.c |  2 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/wiznet/w5100.c           |  2 +-
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 drivers/net/macvlan.c                         |  2 +-
 drivers/net/netdevsim/dev.c                   |  6 +-
 drivers/net/phy/sfp.c                         | 12 ++--
 drivers/net/wireguard/device.c                |  6 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath6kl/usb.c         |  2 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/intel/ipw2x00/ipw2100.c  |  6 +-
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 drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/fw/dbg.c   |  4 +-
 .../net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/iwl-trans.h    |  2 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mvm/tdls.c |  6 +-
 .../net/wireless/marvell/libertas/if_sdio.c   |  3 +-
 .../net/wireless/marvell/libertas/if_spi.c    |  3 +-
 .../net/wireless/marvell/libertas_tf/main.c   |  2 +-
 .../net/wireless/mediatek/mt76/mt7921/init.c  |  2 +-
 .../net/wireless/mediatek/mt76/mt7925/init.c  |  2 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/quantenna/qtnfmac/core.c |  3 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtlwifi/base.c   |  2 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/usb.c      |  3 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/silabs/wfx/main.c        |  2 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/st/cw1200/bh.c           |  4 +-
 drivers/net/wwan/t7xx/t7xx_hif_dpmaif_rx.c    |  3 +-
 drivers/net/wwan/wwan_hwsim.c                 |  2 +-
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 drivers/rapidio/rio.c                         |  2 +-
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 drivers/usb/core/hub.c                        |  2 +-
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 drivers/virtio/virtio_balloon.c               |  3 +-
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 drivers/xen/privcmd.c                         |  3 +-
 fs/afs/callback.c                             |  4 +-
 fs/afs/main.c                                 |  4 +-
 fs/afs/write.c                                |  2 +-
 fs/aio.c                                      |  2 +-
 fs/bcachefs/btree_write_buffer.c              |  2 +-
 fs/bcachefs/io_read.c                         | 12 ++--
 fs/bcachefs/journal_io.c                      |  2 +-
 fs/bcachefs/super.c                           | 10 +--
 fs/btrfs/async-thread.c                       |  3 +-
 fs/btrfs/block-group.c                        |  2 +-
 fs/btrfs/disk-io.c                            |  2 +-
 fs/btrfs/extent_map.c                         |  2 +-
 fs/btrfs/space-info.c                         |  4 +-
 fs/btrfs/zoned.c                              |  2 +-
 fs/ceph/super.c                               |  2 +-
 fs/dlm/lowcomms.c                             |  2 +-
 fs/dlm/main.c                                 |  2 +-
 fs/ext4/mballoc.c                             |  2 +-
 fs/fs-writeback.c                             |  4 +-
 fs/fuse/dev.c                                 |  2 +-
 fs/fuse/inode.c                               |  2 +-
 fs/gfs2/main.c                                |  5 +-
 fs/gfs2/ops_fstype.c                          |  6 +-
 fs/netfs/objects.c                            |  2 +-
 fs/netfs/read_collect.c                       |  2 +-
 fs/netfs/write_collect.c                      |  2 +-
 fs/nfs/namespace.c                            |  2 +-
 fs/nfs/nfs4renewd.c                           |  2 +-
 fs/nfsd/filecache.c                           |  2 +-
 fs/notify/mark.c                              |  4 +-
 fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmdomain.c                      |  3 +-
 fs/ocfs2/dlmfs/dlmfs.c                        |  3 +-
 fs/quota/dquot.c                              |  2 +-
 fs/smb/client/cifsfs.c                        | 16 +++--
 fs/smb/server/ksmbd_work.c                    |  2 +-
 fs/smb/server/transport_rdma.c                |  3 +-
 fs/super.c                                    |  3 +-
 fs/verity/verify.c                            |  2 +-
 fs/xfs/xfs_log.c                              |  3 +-
 fs/xfs/xfs_mru_cache.c                        |  3 +-
 fs/xfs/xfs_super.c                            | 15 ++--
 include/drm/gpu_scheduler.h                   |  2 +-
 include/linux/closure.h                       |  2 +-
 include/linux/workqueue.h                     | 69 ++++++++++++++-----
 io_uring/io_uring.c                           |  4 +-
 kernel/bpf/cgroup.c                           |  5 +-
 kernel/bpf/cpumap.c                           |  2 +-
 kernel/bpf/helpers.c                          |  4 +-
 kernel/bpf/memalloc.c                         |  2 +-
 kernel/bpf/syscall.c                          |  2 +-
 kernel/cgroup/cgroup-v1.c                     |  2 +-
 kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c                        |  4 +-
 kernel/module/dups.c                          |  4 +-
 kernel/padata.c                               |  9 +--
 kernel/power/main.c                           |  2 +-
 kernel/rcu/tasks.h                            |  4 +-
 kernel/rcu/tree.c                             |  4 +-
 kernel/sched/core.c                           |  4 +-
 kernel/sched/ext.c                            |  4 +-
 kernel/smp.c                                  |  2 +-
 kernel/trace/trace_events_user.c              |  2 +-
 kernel/umh.c                                  |  2 +-
 kernel/workqueue.c                            | 56 ++++++++++-----
 mm/backing-dev.c                              |  6 +-
 mm/kfence/core.c                              |  6 +-
 mm/memcontrol.c                               |  4 +-
 mm/slub.c                                     |  3 +-
 mm/vmstat.c                                   |  3 +-
 net/bridge/br_cfm.c                           |  6 +-
 net/bridge/br_mrp.c                           |  8 +--
 net/ceph/messenger.c                          |  3 +-
 net/ceph/mon_client.c                         |  2 +-
 net/core/link_watch.c                         |  4 +-
 net/core/skmsg.c                              |  2 +-
 net/core/sock_diag.c                          |  2 +-
 net/devlink/core.c                            |  2 +-
 net/ipv4/inet_fragment.c                      |  2 +-
 net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_ecache.c           |  2 +-
 net/openvswitch/dp_notify.c                   |  2 +-
 net/rds/ib_rdma.c                             |  3 +-
 net/rfkill/input.c                            |  2 +-
 net/rxrpc/rxperf.c                            |  2 +-
 net/smc/af_smc.c                              |  6 +-
 net/smc/smc_core.c                            |  4 +-
 net/tls/tls_device.c                          |  2 +-
 net/unix/garbage.c                            |  2 +-
 net/vmw_vsock/af_vsock.c                      |  2 +-
 net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport.c              |  2 +-
 net/vmw_vsock/vsock_loopback.c                |  2 +-
 net/wireless/core.c                           |  4 +-
 net/wireless/sysfs.c                          |  2 +-
 rust/kernel/workqueue.rs                      | 12 ++--
 sound/soc/codecs/aw88081.c                    |  2 +-
 sound/soc/codecs/aw88166.c                    |  2 +-
 sound/soc/codecs/aw88261.c                    |  2 +-
 sound/soc/codecs/aw88395/aw88395.c            |  2 +-
 sound/soc/codecs/aw88399.c                    |  2 +-
 sound/soc/codecs/cs42l43-jack.c               |  6 +-
 sound/soc/codecs/cs42l43.c                    |  4 +-
 sound/soc/codecs/es8326.c                     | 12 ++--
 sound/soc/codecs/rt5663.c                     |  6 +-
 sound/soc/codecs/wm_adsp.c                    |  2 +-
 sound/soc/intel/boards/sof_es8336.c           |  2 +-
 sound/soc/sof/intel/cnl.c                     |  2 +-
 sound/soc/sof/intel/hda-ipc.c                 |  2 +-
 virt/kvm/eventfd.c                            |  2 +-
 367 files changed, 770 insertions(+), 593 deletions(-)

-- 
2.49.0


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