linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH] KVM: x86: avoid underflow when scaling TSC frequency

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Message-ID: <dfd970bb10235adfa2b2b545ea26bffba1ea3a66.camel@redhat.com>
Date: Wed, 09 Jul 2025 14:08:42 -0400
From: mlevitsk@...hat.com
To: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, 
	kvm@...r.kernel.org
Cc: Yuntao Liu <liuyuntao12@...wei.com>, Sean Christopherson
 <seanjc@...gle.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] KVM: x86: avoid underflow when scaling TSC frequency

On Wed, 2025-07-09 at 13:53 -0400, Paolo Bonzini wrote:
> In function kvm_guest_time_update(), __scale_tsc() is used to calculate
> a TSC *frequency* rather than a TSC value.  With low-enough ratios,
> a TSC value that is less than 1 would underflow to 0 and to an infinite
> while loop in kvm_get_time_scale():
> 
>   kvm_guest_time_update(struct kvm_vcpu *v)
>     if (kvm_caps.has_tsc_control)
>       tgt_tsc_khz = kvm_scale_tsc(tgt_tsc_khz,
>                                   v->arch.l1_tsc_scaling_ratio);
>         __scale_tsc(u64 ratio, u64 tsc)
>           ratio=122380531, tsc=2299998, N=48
>           ratio*tsc >> N = 0.999... -> 0
> 
> Later in the function:
> 
>   Call Trace:
>    <TASK>
>    kvm_get_time_scale arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:2458 [inline]
>    kvm_guest_time_update+0x926/0xb00 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:3268
>    vcpu_enter_guest.constprop.0+0x1e70/0x3cf0 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:10678
>    vcpu_run+0x129/0x8d0 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:11126
>    kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x37a/0x13d0 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:11352
>    kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x56b/0xe60 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:4188
>    vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]
>    __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:871 [inline]
>    __se_sys_ioctl+0x12d/0x190 fs/ioctl.c:857
>    do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:51 [inline]
>    do_syscall_64+0x59/0x110 arch/x86/entry/common.c:81
>    entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0xe2
> 
> This can really happen only when fuzzing, since the TSC frequency
> would have to be nonsensically low.
> 
> Fixes: 35181e86df97 ("KVM: x86: Add a common TSC scaling function")
> Reported-by: Yuntao Liu <liuyuntao12@...wei.com>
> Suggested-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>
> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>
> ---
>  arch/x86/kvm/x86.c | 4 +++-
>  1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
> index b58a74c1722d..de51dbd85a58 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
> @@ -3258,9 +3258,11 @@ int kvm_guest_time_update(struct kvm_vcpu *v)
>  
>  	/* With all the info we got, fill in the values */
>  
> -	if (kvm_caps.has_tsc_control)
> +	if (kvm_caps.has_tsc_control) {
>  		tgt_tsc_khz = kvm_scale_tsc(tgt_tsc_khz,
>  					    v->arch.l1_tsc_scaling_ratio);
> +		tgt_tsc_khz = tgt_tsc_khz ? : 1;
> +	}
>  
>  	if (unlikely(vcpu->hw_tsc_khz != tgt_tsc_khz)) {
>  		kvm_get_time_scale(NSEC_PER_SEC, tgt_tsc_khz * 1000LL,

Reviewed-by: Maxim Levitsky <mlevitsk@...hat.com>

Best regards,
	Maxim Levitsky