linux-kernel - Re: [BUG] hard-to-hit mm_struct UAF due to insufficiently careful vma_refcount_put() wrt SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY

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Message-ID: <CAJuCfpFdyiXFuxoNMQHj6jkVYkJMzq67rHM9400NoUBS1TJtyw@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2025 17:13:56 -0700
From: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@...gle.com>
To: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@...cle.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@...gle.com>, Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>, 
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>, "Liam R. Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@...cle.com>, 
	Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@...e.de>, Linux-MM <linux-mm@...ck.org>, 
	kernel list <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [BUG] hard-to-hit mm_struct UAF due to insufficiently careful
 vma_refcount_put() wrt SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU

On Wed, Jul 23, 2025 at 12:01 PM Lorenzo Stoakes
<lorenzo.stoakes@...cle.com> wrote:
>
> On Wed, Jul 23, 2025 at 10:55:06AM -0700, Suren Baghdasaryan wrote:
> > On Wed, Jul 23, 2025 at 10:50 AM Jann Horn <jannh@...gle.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Wed, Jul 23, 2025 at 7:32 PM Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz> wrote:
> > > > On 7/23/25 18:26, Jann Horn wrote:
> > > > > There's a racy UAF in `vma_refcount_put()` when called on the
> > > > > `lock_vma_under_rcu()` path because `SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU` is used
> > > > > without sufficient protection against concurrent object reuse:
> > > >
> > > > Oof.
> >
> > Thanks for analyzing this Jann. Yeah, I missed the fact that
> > vma_refcount_put() uses vma->vm_mm.
> >
> > > >
> > > > > I'm not sure what the right fix is; I guess one approach would be to
> > > > > have a special version of vma_refcount_put() for cases where the VMA
> > > > > has been recycled by another MM that grabs an extra reference to the
> > > > > MM? But then dropping a reference to the MM afterwards might be a bit
> > > > > annoying and might require something like mmdrop_async()...
> > > >
> > > > Would we need mmdrop_async()? Isn't this the case for mmget_not_zero() and
> > > > mmput_async()?
> > >
> > > Now I'm not sure anymore if either of those approaches would work,
> > > because they rely on the task that's removing the VMA to wait until we
> > > do __refcount_dec_and_test() before deleting the MM... but I don't
> > > think we have any such guarantee...
> >
> > This is tricky. Let me look into it some more before suggesting any fixes.
>
> Thanks Suren! :)
>
> I feel the strong desire to document this seqnum approach as it is
> intricate, so will find some time to do that for my own benefit at least.

I think we documented most of it in your document:
https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.16-rc7/source/Documentation/mm/process_addrs.rst#L705
but maybe we can improve?
This issue is a result of my failure to notice that vma_refcount_put()
uses vma->mm. This is my oversight, not a conceptual design flaw (at
least in my mind). We knew that lock_vma_under_rcu() should never
dereference vma->mm, that's why we added an `mm` parameter to that
function.  But unfortunately I missed this indirect usage.

>
> The fact VMAs can be recycled like this at any time makes me super nervous,
> so I wonder if we could find ways to, at least in a debug mode (perhaps
> even in a CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_MAPLE_TREE-style 'we are fine with this being
> very very slow sort of way), pick up on potentially super weird
> small-race-window style issues like this.
>
> Because it feels like debugging them 'in the wild' might be really horrid.

What do you have in mind? A specialized test that simulates some races
for vma lookup/allocation/reuse?

>
> Or maybe it's even possible to shuffle things around and do some testing in
> userland via the VMA userland tests... possibly pipe dream though given the
> mechanisms that would need to be put there.

I think that would be difficult if not impossible. We would have to
inject delays like Jann did to reveal such rare races in a repeatable
manner. Maybe if we had an in-kernel delay injection mechanism that
would be possible?

>
> It's sort of hard now to separate VMA locks from VMA operations in general,
> so that's something I need to think about anyway.
>
> But I'm almost certainly going to document this in an 'internal' portion of
> the process addrs doc page we have, at least to teach myself the deeper
> internals...
>
> Cheers, Lorenzo