linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v1 01/14] mm: introduce bpf struct ops for OOM handling

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Message-ID: <87ms7tldwo.fsf@linux.dev>
Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2025 17:24:55 -0700
From: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@...ux.dev>
To: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@...il.com>
Cc: linux-mm@...ck.org,  bpf@...r.kernel.org,  Suren Baghdasaryan
 <surenb@...gle.com>,  Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>,  Michal Hocko
 <mhocko@...e.com>,  David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>,  Matt Bobrowski
 <mattbobrowski@...gle.com>,  Song Liu <song@...nel.org>,  Alexei
 Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>,  Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
  linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v1 01/14] mm: introduce bpf struct ops for OOM handling

Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@...il.com> writes:

> On Mon, 18 Aug 2025 at 19:01, Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@...ux.dev> wrote:
>>
>> Introduce a bpf struct ops for implementing custom OOM handling policies.
>>
>> The struct ops provides the bpf_handle_out_of_memory() callback,
>> which expected to return 1 if it was able to free some memory and 0
>> otherwise.
>>
>> In the latter case it's guaranteed that the in-kernel OOM killer will
>> be invoked. Otherwise the kernel also checks the bpf_memory_freed
>> field of the oom_control structure, which is expected to be set by
>> kfuncs suitable for releasing memory. It's a safety mechanism which
>> prevents a bpf program to claim forward progress without actually
>> releasing memory. The callback program is sleepable to enable using
>> iterators, e.g. cgroup iterators.
>>
>> The callback receives struct oom_control as an argument, so it can
>> easily filter out OOM's it doesn't want to handle, e.g. global vs
>> memcg OOM's.
>>
>> The callback is executed just before the kernel victim task selection
>> algorithm, so all heuristics and sysctls like panic on oom,
>> sysctl_oom_kill_allocating_task and sysctl_oom_kill_allocating_task
>> are respected.
>>
>> The struct ops also has the name field, which allows to define a
>> custom name for the implemented policy. It's printed in the OOM report
>> in the oom_policy=<policy> format. "default" is printed if bpf is not
>> used or policy name is not specified.
>>
>> [  112.696676] test_progs invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0xcc0(GFP_KERNEL), order=0, oom_score_adj=0
>>                oom_policy=bpf_test_policy
>> [  112.698160] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 660 Comm: test_progs Not tainted 6.16.0-00015-gf09eb0d6badc #102 PREEMPT(full)
>> [  112.698165] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-5.fc42 04/01/2014
>> [  112.698167] Call Trace:
>> [  112.698177]  <TASK>
>> [  112.698182]  dump_stack_lvl+0x4d/0x70
>> [  112.698192]  dump_header+0x59/0x1c6
>> [  112.698199]  oom_kill_process.cold+0x8/0xef
>> [  112.698206]  bpf_oom_kill_process+0x59/0xb0
>> [  112.698216]  bpf_prog_7ecad0f36a167fd7_test_out_of_memory+0x2be/0x313
>> [  112.698229]  bpf__bpf_oom_ops_handle_out_of_memory+0x47/0xaf
>> [  112.698236]  ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
>> [  112.698240]  bpf_handle_oom+0x11a/0x1e0
>> [  112.698250]  out_of_memory+0xab/0x5c0
>> [  112.698258]  mem_cgroup_out_of_memory+0xbc/0x110
>> [  112.698274]  try_charge_memcg+0x4b5/0x7e0
>> [  112.698288]  charge_memcg+0x2f/0xc0
>> [  112.698293]  __mem_cgroup_charge+0x30/0xc0
>> [  112.698299]  do_anonymous_page+0x40f/0xa50
>> [  112.698311]  __handle_mm_fault+0xbba/0x1140
>> [  112.698317]  ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
>> [  112.698335]  handle_mm_fault+0xe6/0x370
>> [  112.698343]  do_user_addr_fault+0x211/0x6a0
>> [  112.698354]  exc_page_fault+0x75/0x1d0
>> [  112.698363]  asm_exc_page_fault+0x26/0x30
>> [  112.698366] RIP: 0033:0x7fa97236db00
>>
>> It's possible to load multiple bpf struct programs. In the case of
>> oom, they will be executed one by one in the same order they been
>> loaded until one of them returns 1 and bpf_memory_freed is set to 1
>> - an indication that the memory was freed. This allows to have
>> multiple bpf programs to focus on different types of OOM's - e.g.
>> one program can only handle memcg OOM's in one memory cgroup.
>> But the filtering is done in bpf - so it's fully flexible.
>
> I think a natural question here is ordering. Is this ability to have
> multiple OOM programs critical right now?

Good question. Initially I had only supported a single bpf policy.
But then I realized that likely people would want to have different
policies handling different parts of the cgroup tree.
E.g. a global policy and several policies handling OOMs only
in some memory cgroups.
So having just a single policy is likely a no go.

> How is it decided who gets to run before the other? Is it based on
> order of attachment (which can be non-deterministic)?

Yeah, now it's the order of attachment.

> There was a lot of discussion on something similar for tc progs, and
> we went with specific flags that capture partial ordering constraints
> (instead of priorities that may collide).
> https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230719140858.13224-2-daniel@iogearbox.net
> It would be nice if we can find a way of making this consistent.

I'll take a look, thanks!

I hope that my naive approach might be good enough for the start
and we can implement something more sophisticated later, but maybe
I'm wrong here.