linux-kernel - [for-linus][PATCH 3/3] tracing: fgraph: Protect return handler from recursion loop

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Message-ID: <20250928110901.942338034@kernel.org>
Date: Sun, 28 Sep 2025 07:08:35 -0400
From: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...nel.org>
To: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...nel.org>,
 Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
 Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@...icios.com>,
 Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
 Wang Liang <wangliang74@...wei.com>,
 Menglong Dong <menglong8.dong@...il.com>,
 stable@...r.kernel.org,
 Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
 Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...nel.org>
Subject: [for-linus][PATCH 3/3] tracing: fgraph: Protect return handler from recursion loop

From: "Masami Hiramatsu (Google)" <mhiramat@...nel.org>

function_graph_enter_regs() prevents itself from recursion by
ftrace_test_recursion_trylock(), but __ftrace_return_to_handler(),
which is called at the exit, does not prevent such recursion.
Therefore, while it can prevent recursive calls from
fgraph_ops::entryfunc(), it is not able to prevent recursive calls
to fgraph from fgraph_ops::retfunc(), resulting in a recursive loop.
This can lead an unexpected recursion bug reported by Menglong.

 is_endbr() is called in __ftrace_return_to_handler -> fprobe_return
  -> kprobe_multi_link_exit_handler -> is_endbr.

To fix this issue, acquire ftrace_test_recursion_trylock() in the
__ftrace_return_to_handler() after unwind the shadow stack to mark
this section must prevent recursive call of fgraph inside user-defined
fgraph_ops::retfunc().

This is essentially a fix to commit 4346ba160409 ("fprobe: Rewrite
fprobe on function-graph tracer"), because before that fgraph was
only used from the function graph tracer. Fprobe allowed user to run
any callbacks from fgraph after that commit.

Reported-by: Menglong Dong <menglong8.dong@...il.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250918120939.1706585-1-dongml2@chinatelecom.cn/
Fixes: 4346ba160409 ("fprobe: Rewrite fprobe on function-graph tracer")
Cc: stable@...r.kernel.org
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/175852292275.307379.9040117316112640553.stgit@devnote2
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@...nel.org>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...nel.org>
Tested-by: Menglong Dong <menglong8.dong@...il.com>
Acked-by: Menglong Dong <menglong8.dong@...il.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@...dmis.org>
---
 kernel/trace/fgraph.c | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/fgraph.c b/kernel/trace/fgraph.c
index 1e3b32b1e82c..484ad7a18463 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/fgraph.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/fgraph.c
@@ -815,6 +815,7 @@ __ftrace_return_to_handler(struct ftrace_regs *fregs, unsigned long frame_pointe
 	unsigned long bitmap;
 	unsigned long ret;
 	int offset;
+	int bit;
 	int i;
 
 	ret_stack = ftrace_pop_return_trace(&trace, &ret, frame_pointer, &offset);
@@ -829,6 +830,15 @@ __ftrace_return_to_handler(struct ftrace_regs *fregs, unsigned long frame_pointe
 	if (fregs)
 		ftrace_regs_set_instruction_pointer(fregs, ret);
 
+	bit = ftrace_test_recursion_trylock(trace.func, ret);
+	/*
+	 * This can fail because ftrace_test_recursion_trylock() allows one nest
+	 * call. If we are already in a nested call, then we don't probe this and
+	 * just return the original return address.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(bit < 0))
+		goto out;
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RETVAL
 	trace.retval = ftrace_regs_get_return_value(fregs);
 #endif
@@ -852,6 +862,8 @@ __ftrace_return_to_handler(struct ftrace_regs *fregs, unsigned long frame_pointe
 		}
 	}
 
+	ftrace_test_recursion_unlock(bit);
+out:
 	/*
 	 * The ftrace_graph_return() may still access the current
 	 * ret_stack structure, we need to make sure the update of
-- 
2.50.1