Message-ID: <20251017003244.186495-8-seanjc@google.com>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2025 17:32:25 -0700
From: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>
To: Marc Zyngier <maz@...nel.org>, Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@...ux.dev>, 
	Tianrui Zhao <zhaotianrui@...ngson.cn>, Bibo Mao <maobibo@...ngson.cn>, 
	Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...nel.org>, Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@...ux.ibm.com>, 
	Anup Patel <anup@...infault.org>, Paul Walmsley <pjw@...nel.org>, 
	Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@...belt.com>, Albert Ou <aou@...s.berkeley.edu>, 
	Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@...ux.ibm.com>, Janosch Frank <frankja@...ux.ibm.com>, 
	Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@...ux.ibm.com>, Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>, 
	Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>, "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kas@...nel.org>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org, kvmarm@...ts.linux.dev, 
	kvm@...r.kernel.org, loongarch@...ts.linux.dev, linux-mips@...r.kernel.org, 
	linuxppc-dev@...ts.ozlabs.org, kvm-riscv@...ts.infradead.org, 
	linux-riscv@...ts.infradead.org, x86@...nel.org, linux-coco@...ts.linux.dev, 
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@...el.com>, 
	Kai Huang <kai.huang@...el.com>, Michael Roth <michael.roth@....com>, 
	Yan Zhao <yan.y.zhao@...el.com>, Vishal Annapurve <vannapurve@...gle.com>, 
	Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@...el.com>, Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@...gle.com>, 
	Binbin Wu <binbin.wu@...ux.intel.com>
Subject: [PATCH v3 07/25] KVM: TDX: Drop superfluous page pinning in S-EPT management

From: Yan Zhao <yan.y.zhao@...el.com>

Don't explicitly pin pages when mapping pages into the S-EPT, guest_memfd
doesn't support page migration in any capacity, i.e. there are no migrate
callbacks because guest_memfd pages *can't* be migrated.  See the WARN in
kvm_gmem_migrate_folio().

Eliminating TDX's explicit pinning will also enable guest_memfd to support
in-place conversion between shared and private memory[1][2].  Because KVM
cannot distinguish between speculative/transient refcounts and the
intentional refcount for TDX on private pages[3], failing to release
private page refcount in TDX could cause guest_memfd to indefinitely wait
on decreasing the refcount for the splitting.

Under normal conditions, not holding an extra page refcount in TDX is safe
because guest_memfd ensures pages are retained until its invalidation
notification to KVM MMU is completed. However, if there're bugs in KVM/TDX
module, not holding an extra refcount when a page is mapped in S-EPT could
result in a page being released from guest_memfd while still mapped in the
S-EPT.  But, doing work to make a fatal error slightly less fatal is a net
negative when that extra work adds complexity and confusion.

Several approaches were considered to address the refcount issue, including
  - Attempting to modify the KVM unmap operation to return a failure,
    which was deemed too complex and potentially incorrect[4].
 - Increasing the folio reference count only upon S-EPT zapping failure[5].
 - Use page flags or page_ext to indicate a page is still used by TDX[6],
   which does not work for HVO (HugeTLB Vmemmap Optimization).
  - Setting HWPOISON bit or leveraging folio_set_hugetlb_hwpoison()[7].

Due to the complexity or inappropriateness of these approaches, and the
fact that S-EPT zapping failure is currently only possible when there are
bugs in the KVM or TDX module, which is very rare in a production kernel,
a straightforward approach of simply not holding the page reference count
in TDX was chosen[8].

When S-EPT zapping errors occur, KVM_BUG_ON() is invoked to kick off all
vCPUs and mark the VM as dead. Although there is a potential window that a
private page mapped in the S-EPT could be reallocated and used outside the
VM, the loud warning from KVM_BUG_ON() should provide sufficient debug
information. To be robust against bugs, the user can enable panic_on_warn
as normal.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/cover.1747264138.git.ackerleytng@google.com [1]
Link: https://youtu.be/UnBKahkAon4 [2]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAGtprH_ypohFy9TOJ8Emm_roT4XbQUtLKZNFcM6Fr+fhTFkE0Q@mail.gmail.com [3]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/aEEEJbTzlncbRaRA@yzhao56-desk.sh.intel.com [4]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/aE%2Fq9VKkmaCcuwpU@yzhao56-desk.sh.intel.com [5]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/aFkeBtuNBN1RrDAJ@yzhao56-desk.sh.intel.com [6]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/diqzy0tikran.fsf@ackerleytng-ctop.c.googlers.com [7]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/53ea5239f8ef9d8df9af593647243c10435fd219.camel@intel.com [8]
Suggested-by: Vishal Annapurve <vannapurve@...gle.com>
Suggested-by: Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@...gle.com>
Suggested-by: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@...el.com>
Signed-off-by: Yan Zhao <yan.y.zhao@...el.com>
Reviewed-by: Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@...el.com>
Reviewed-by: Kai Huang <kai.huang@...el.com>
[sean: extract out of hugepage series, massage changelog accordingly]
Reviewed-by: Binbin Wu <binbin.wu@...ux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>
---
 arch/x86/kvm/vmx/tdx.c | 28 ++++------------------------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/tdx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/tdx.c
index 29f344af4cc2..c3bae6b96dc4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/tdx.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/tdx.c
@@ -1583,29 +1583,22 @@ void tdx_load_mmu_pgd(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, hpa_t root_hpa, int pgd_level)
 	td_vmcs_write64(to_tdx(vcpu), SHARED_EPT_POINTER, root_hpa);
 }
 
-static void tdx_unpin(struct kvm *kvm, struct page *page)
-{
-	put_page(page);
-}
-
 static int tdx_mem_page_aug(struct kvm *kvm, gfn_t gfn,
-			    enum pg_level level, struct page *page)
+			    enum pg_level level, kvm_pfn_t pfn)
 {
 	int tdx_level = pg_level_to_tdx_sept_level(level);
 	struct kvm_tdx *kvm_tdx = to_kvm_tdx(kvm);
+	struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
 	gpa_t gpa = gfn_to_gpa(gfn);
 	u64 entry, level_state;
 	u64 err;
 
 	err = tdh_mem_page_aug(&kvm_tdx->td, gpa, tdx_level, page, &entry, &level_state);
-	if (unlikely(tdx_operand_busy(err))) {
-		tdx_unpin(kvm, page);
+	if (unlikely(tdx_operand_busy(err)))
 		return -EBUSY;
-	}
 
 	if (KVM_BUG_ON(err, kvm)) {
 		pr_tdx_error_2(TDH_MEM_PAGE_AUG, err, entry, level_state);
-		tdx_unpin(kvm, page);
 		return -EIO;
 	}
 
@@ -1639,29 +1632,18 @@ static int tdx_sept_set_private_spte(struct kvm *kvm, gfn_t gfn,
 				     enum pg_level level, kvm_pfn_t pfn)
 {
 	struct kvm_tdx *kvm_tdx = to_kvm_tdx(kvm);
-	struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
 
 	/* TODO: handle large pages. */
 	if (KVM_BUG_ON(level != PG_LEVEL_4K, kvm))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	/*
-	 * Because guest_memfd doesn't support page migration with
-	 * a_ops->migrate_folio (yet), no callback is triggered for KVM on page
-	 * migration.  Until guest_memfd supports page migration, prevent page
-	 * migration.
-	 * TODO: Once guest_memfd introduces callback on page migration,
-	 * implement it and remove get_page/put_page().
-	 */
-	get_page(page);
-
 	/*
 	 * Read 'pre_fault_allowed' before 'kvm_tdx->state'; see matching
 	 * barrier in tdx_td_finalize().
 	 */
 	smp_rmb();
 	if (likely(kvm_tdx->state == TD_STATE_RUNNABLE))
-		return tdx_mem_page_aug(kvm, gfn, level, page);
+		return tdx_mem_page_aug(kvm, gfn, level, pfn);
 
 	return tdx_mem_page_record_premap_cnt(kvm, gfn, level, pfn);
 }
@@ -1712,7 +1694,6 @@ static int tdx_sept_drop_private_spte(struct kvm *kvm, gfn_t gfn,
 		return -EIO;
 	}
 	tdx_quirk_reset_page(page);
-	tdx_unpin(kvm, page);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1792,7 +1773,6 @@ static int tdx_sept_zap_private_spte(struct kvm *kvm, gfn_t gfn,
 	if (tdx_is_sept_zap_err_due_to_premap(kvm_tdx, err, entry, level) &&
 	    !KVM_BUG_ON(!atomic64_read(&kvm_tdx->nr_premapped), kvm)) {
 		atomic64_dec(&kvm_tdx->nr_premapped);
-		tdx_unpin(kvm, page);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-- 
2.51.0.858.gf9c4a03a3a-goog

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