linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH] arm64, mm: avoid always making PTE dirty in pte

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Message-ID: <87o6q1dec1.fsf@DESKTOP-5N7EMDA>
Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2025 19:04:14 +0800
From: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@...ux.alibaba.com>
To: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@....com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>,  Will Deacon
 <will@...nel.org>,  Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@....com>,  Gavin Shan
 <gshan@...hat.com>,  Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org>,  "Matthew Wilcox
 (Oracle)" <willy@...radead.org>,  Yicong Yang <yangyicong@...ilicon.com>,
  linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org,  linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
  linux-mm@...ck.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH] arm64, mm: avoid always making PTE dirty in pte_mkwrite()

Hi, Anshuman,

Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@....com> writes:

> On 17/10/25 11:36 PM, Catalin Marinas wrote:
>> On Wed, Oct 15, 2025 at 10:37:12AM +0800, Huang Ying wrote:
>>> Current pte_mkwrite_novma() makes PTE dirty unconditionally.  This may
>>> mark some pages that are never written dirty wrongly.  For example,
>>> do_swap_page() may map the exclusive pages with writable and clean PTEs
>>> if the VMA is writable and the page fault is for read access.
>>> However, current pte_mkwrite_novma() implementation always dirties the
>>> PTE.  This may cause unnecessary disk writing if the pages are
>>> never written before being reclaimed.
>>>
>>> So, change pte_mkwrite_novma() to clear the PTE_RDONLY bit only if the
>>> PTE_DIRTY bit is set to make it possible to make the PTE writable and
>>> clean.
>>>
>>> The current behavior was introduced in commit 73e86cb03cf2 ("arm64:
>>> Move PTE_RDONLY bit handling out of set_pte_at()").  Before that,
>>> pte_mkwrite() only sets the PTE_WRITE bit, while set_pte_at() only
>>> clears the PTE_RDONLY bit if both the PTE_WRITE and the PTE_DIRTY bits
>>> are set.
>>>
>>> To test the performance impact of the patch, on an arm64 server
>>> machine, run 16 redis-server processes on socket 1 and 16
>>> memtier_benchmark processes on socket 0 with mostly get
>>> transactions (that is, redis-server will mostly read memory only).
>>> The memory footprint of redis-server is larger than the available
>>> memory, so swap out/in will be triggered.  Test results show that the
>>> patch can avoid most swapping out because the pages are mostly clean.
>>> And the benchmark throughput improves ~23.9% in the test.
>>>
>>> Fixes: 73e86cb03cf2 ("arm64: Move PTE_RDONLY bit handling out of set_pte_at()")
>>> Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@...ux.alibaba.com>
>>> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>
>>> Cc: Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>
>>> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@....com>
>>> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@....com>
>>> Cc: Gavin Shan <gshan@...hat.com>
>>> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org>
>>> Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@...radead.org>
>>> Cc: Yicong Yang <yangyicong@...ilicon.com>
>>> Cc: linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org
>>> Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
>>> ---
>>>  arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h | 3 ++-
>>>  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
>>> index aa89c2e67ebc..0944e296dd4a 100644
>>> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
>>> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
>>> @@ -293,7 +293,8 @@ static inline pmd_t set_pmd_bit(pmd_t pmd, pgprot_t prot)
>>>  static inline pte_t pte_mkwrite_novma(pte_t pte)
>>>  {
>>>  	pte = set_pte_bit(pte, __pgprot(PTE_WRITE));
>>> -	pte = clear_pte_bit(pte, __pgprot(PTE_RDONLY));
>>> +	if (pte_sw_dirty(pte))
>>> +		pte = clear_pte_bit(pte, __pgprot(PTE_RDONLY));
>>>  	return pte;
>>>  }
>> 
>> This seems to be the right thing. I recall years ago I grep'ed
>> (obviously not hard enough) and most pte_mkwrite() places had a
>> pte_mkdirty(). But I missed do_swap_page() and possibly others.
>> 
>> For this patch:
>> 
>> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>
>> 
>> I wonder whether we should also add (as a separate patch):
>> 
>> diff --git a/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c b/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
>> index 830107b6dd08..df1c552ef11c 100644
>> --- a/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
>> +++ b/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
>> @@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ static void __init pte_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args, int idx)
>>  	WARN_ON(pte_dirty(pte_mkclean(pte_mkdirty(pte))));
>>  	WARN_ON(pte_write(pte_wrprotect(pte_mkwrite(pte, args->vma))));
>>  	WARN_ON(pte_dirty(pte_wrprotect(pte_mkclean(pte))));
>> +	WARN_ON(pte_dirty(pte_mkwrite_novma(pte_mkclean(pte))));
>>  	WARN_ON(!pte_dirty(pte_wrprotect(pte_mkdirty(pte))));
>>  }
>> 
>> For completeness, also (and maybe other combinations):
>> 
>> 	WARN_ON(!pte_write(pte_mkdirty(pte_mkwrite_novma(pte))));
>
> Adding similar tests to pte_wrprotect().
>
> diff --git a/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c b/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
> index 830107b6dd08..573632ebf304 100644
> --- a/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
> +++ b/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
> @@ -102,6 +102,11 @@ static void __init pte_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args, int idx)
>         WARN_ON(pte_write(pte_wrprotect(pte_mkwrite(pte, args->vma))));
>         WARN_ON(pte_dirty(pte_wrprotect(pte_mkclean(pte))));
>         WARN_ON(!pte_dirty(pte_wrprotect(pte_mkdirty(pte))));
> +
> +       WARN_ON(pte_dirty(pte_mkwrite_novma(pte_mkclean(pte))));
> +       WARN_ON(!pte_write(pte_mkdirty(pte_mkwrite_novma(pte))));
> +       WARN_ON(!pte_write(pte_mkwrite_novma(pte_wrprotect(pte))));
> +       WARN_ON(pte_write(pte_wrprotect(pte_mkwrite_novma(pte))));
>  }
>
>  static void __init pte_advanced_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
> @@ -195,6 +200,9 @@ static void __init pmd_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args, int idx)
>         WARN_ON(pmd_write(pmd_wrprotect(pmd_mkwrite(pmd, args->vma))));
>         WARN_ON(pmd_dirty(pmd_wrprotect(pmd_mkclean(pmd))));
>         WARN_ON(!pmd_dirty(pmd_wrprotect(pmd_mkdirty(pmd))));
> +
> +       WARN_ON(!pmd_write(pmd_mkwrite_novma(pmd_wrprotect(pmd))));
> +       WARN_ON(pmd_write(pmd_wrprotect(pmd_mkwrite_novma(pmd))));
>         /*
>          * A huge page does not point to next level page table
>          * entry. Hence this must qualify as pmd_bad().

Thanks!

I can add a patch for these tests.  Or, do you want to work on it?

>> 
>> I cc'ed linux-mm in case we missed anything. If nothing raised, I'll
>> queue it next week.

---
Best Regards,
Huang, Ying