linux-kernel - [PATCH v2 09/10] can: calc_bittiming: add PWM calculation

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Message-Id: <20251021-canxl-netlink-v2-9-8b8f58257ab6@kernel.org>
Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2025 17:47:09 +0200
From: Vincent Mailhol <mailhol@...nel.org>
To: Marc Kleine-Budde <mkl@...gutronix.de>, 
 Oliver Hartkopp <socketcan@...tkopp.net>
Cc: Vincent Mailhol <mailhol@...nel.org>, 
 Stéphane Grosjean <stephane.grosjean@...-networks.com>, 
 Robert Nawrath <mbro1689@...il.com>, Minh Le <minh.le.aj@...esas.com>, 
 Duy Nguyen <duy.nguyen.rh@...esas.com>, linux-can@...r.kernel.org, 
 linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH v2 09/10] can: calc_bittiming: add PWM calculation

Perform the PWM calculation according to CiA recommendations.

Note that for databitrates greater than 5 MBPS, tqmin is less than
CAN_PWM_NS_MAX (which is defined to 200 nano seconds), consequently,
the result of the division:

  DIV_ROUND_UP(xl_ns, CAN_PWM_NS_MAX)

is one and thus the for loop automatically stops on the first
iteration giving a single PWM symbol per bit as expected. Because of
that, there is no actual need for a separate conditional branch for
when the databitrate is greater than 5 MBPS.

Signed-off-by: Vincent Mailhol <mailhol@...nel.org>
---
Changelog:

  v1 -> v2:

    - Add a return statement to can_calc_tdco() when
      CONFIG_CAN_CALC_BITTIMING is not set. This fixes a warning as
      reported by the kernel test robot:

        Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-can/202510140553.qo3f0I9s-lkp@intel.com/

      While at it, add an error message.
---
 drivers/net/can/dev/calc_bittiming.c | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/linux/can/bittiming.h        | 10 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/net/can/dev/calc_bittiming.c b/drivers/net/can/dev/calc_bittiming.c
index 394d6974f481..268ec6fa7c49 100644
--- a/drivers/net/can/dev/calc_bittiming.c
+++ b/drivers/net/can/dev/calc_bittiming.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 /* Copyright (C) 2005 Marc Kleine-Budde, Pengutronix
  * Copyright (C) 2006 Andrey Volkov, Varma Electronics
  * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Wolfgang Grandegger <wg@...ndegger.com>
+ * Copyright (C) 2021-2025 Vincent Mailhol <mailhol@...nel.org>
  */
 
 #include <linux/units.h>
@@ -198,3 +199,38 @@ void can_calc_tdco(struct can_tdc *tdc, const struct can_tdc_const *tdc_const,
 		*ctrlmode |= tdc_auto;
 	}
 }
+
+int can_calc_pwm(struct net_device *dev, struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
+{
+	struct can_priv *priv = netdev_priv(dev);
+	const struct can_pwm_const *pwm_const = priv->xl.pwm_const;
+	struct can_pwm *pwm = &priv->xl.pwm;
+	u32 xl_tqmin = can_bit_time_tqmin(&priv->xl.data_bittiming);
+	u32 xl_ns = can_tqmin_to_ns(xl_tqmin, priv->clock.freq);
+	u32 nom_tqmin = can_bit_time_tqmin(&priv->bittiming);
+	int pwm_per_bit_max = xl_tqmin / (pwm_const->pwms_min + pwm_const->pwml_min);
+	int pwm_per_bit;
+	u32 pwm_tqmin;
+
+	/* For 5 MB/s databitrate or greater, xl_ns < CAN_PWM_NS_MAX
+	 * giving us a pwm_per_bit of 1 and the loop immediately breaks
+	 */
+	for (pwm_per_bit = DIV_ROUND_UP(xl_ns, CAN_PWM_NS_MAX);
+	     pwm_per_bit <= pwm_per_bit_max; pwm_per_bit++)
+		if (xl_tqmin % pwm_per_bit == 0)
+			break;
+
+	if (pwm_per_bit > pwm_per_bit_max) {
+		NL_SET_ERR_MSG_FMT(extack,
+				   "Can not divide the XL data phase's bit time: %u tqmin into multiple PWM symbols",
+				   xl_tqmin);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	pwm_tqmin = xl_tqmin / pwm_per_bit;
+	pwm->pwms = DIV_ROUND_UP_POW2(pwm_tqmin, 4);
+	pwm->pwml = pwm_tqmin - pwm->pwms;
+	pwm->pwmo = nom_tqmin % pwm_tqmin;
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/include/linux/can/bittiming.h b/include/linux/can/bittiming.h
index 2504fafc72e4..726d909e87ce 100644
--- a/include/linux/can/bittiming.h
+++ b/include/linux/can/bittiming.h
@@ -180,6 +180,8 @@ int can_calc_bittiming(const struct net_device *dev, struct can_bittiming *bt,
 void can_calc_tdco(struct can_tdc *tdc, const struct can_tdc_const *tdc_const,
 		   const struct can_bittiming *dbt,
 		   u32 tdc_mask, u32 *ctrlmode, u32 ctrlmode_supported);
+
+int can_calc_pwm(struct net_device *dev, struct netlink_ext_ack *extack);
 #else /* !CONFIG_CAN_CALC_BITTIMING */
 static inline int
 can_calc_bittiming(const struct net_device *dev, struct can_bittiming *bt,
@@ -195,6 +197,14 @@ can_calc_tdco(struct can_tdc *tdc, const struct can_tdc_const *tdc_const,
 	      u32 tdc_mask, u32 *ctrlmode, u32 ctrlmode_supported)
 {
 }
+
+static inline int
+can_calc_pwm(struct net_device *dev, struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
+{
+	NL_SET_ERR_MSG(extack,
+		       "bit-timing calculation not available: manually provide PWML and PWMS\n");
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
 #endif /* CONFIG_CAN_CALC_BITTIMING */
 
 void can_sjw_set_default(struct can_bittiming *bt);

-- 
2.51.0