linux-kernel - [PATCH v2] mm: do not install PMD mappings when handling a COW fault

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Message-ID: <20251024102237.3332200-1-yi.zhang@huaweicloud.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2025 18:22:37 +0800
From: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@...weicloud.com>
To: linux-mm@...ck.org
Cc: linux-ext4@...r.kernel.org,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	david@...hat.com,
	yi.zhang@...wei.com,
	yi.zhang@...weicloud.com,
	karol.wachowski@...ux.intel.com,
	wangkefeng.wang@...wei.com,
	yangerkun@...wei.com
Subject: [PATCH v2] mm: do not install PMD mappings when handling a COW fault

From: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@...wei.com>

When pinning a page with FOLL_LONGTERM in a CoW VMA and a PMD-aligned
(2MB on x86) large folio follow_page_mask() failed to obtain a valid
anonymous page, resulting in an infinite loop issue. The specific
triggering process is as follows:

1. User call mmap with a 2MB size in MAP_PRIVATE mode for a file that
   has a 2MB large folio installed in the page cache.

   addr = mmap(NULL, 2*1024*1024, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, file_fd, 0);

2. The kernel driver pass this mapped address to pin_user_pages_fast()
   in FOLL_LONGTERM mode.

   pin_user_pages_fast(addr, 512, FOLL_LONGTERM, pages);

  ->  pin_user_pages_fast()
  |   gup_fast_fallback()
  |    __gup_longterm_locked()
  |     __get_user_pages_locked()
  |      __get_user_pages()
  |       follow_page_mask()
  |        follow_p4d_mask()
  |         follow_pud_mask()
  |          follow_pmd_mask() //pmd_leaf(pmdval) is true because the
  |                            //huge PMD is installed. This is normal
  |                            //in the first round, but it shouldn't
  |                            //happen in the second round.
  |           follow_huge_pmd() //require an anonymous page
  |            return -EMLINK;
  |   faultin_page()
  |    handle_mm_fault()
  |     wp_huge_pmd() //remove PMD and fall back to PTE
  |     handle_pte_fault()
  |      do_pte_missing()
  |       do_fault()
  |        do_read_fault() //FAULT_FLAG_WRITE is not set
  |         finish_fault()
  |          do_set_pmd() //install a huge PMD again, this is wrong!!!
  |      do_wp_page() //create private anonymous pages
  <-    goto retry;

Due to an incorrectly large PMD set in do_read_fault(),
follow_pmd_mask() always returns -EMLINK, causing an infinite loop.

David pointed out that we can preallocate a page table and remap the PMD
to be mapped by a PTE table in wp_huge_pmd() in the future. But now we
can avoid this issue by not installing PMD mappings when handling a COW
and unshare fault in do_set_pmd().

Fixes: a7f226604170 ("mm/gup: trigger FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE when R/O-pinning a possibly shared anonymous page")
Reported-by: Karol Wachowski <karol.wachowski@...ux.intel.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-ext4/844e5cd4-462e-4b88-b3b5-816465a3b7e3@linux.intel.com/
Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@...wei.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>
---
 mm/memory.c | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index 0ba4f6b71847..0748a31367df 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -5212,6 +5212,11 @@ vm_fault_t do_set_pmd(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct folio *folio, struct page *pa
 	if (!thp_vma_suitable_order(vma, haddr, PMD_ORDER))
 		return ret;
 
+	/* We're about to trigger CoW, so never map it through a PMD. */
+	if (is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags) &&
+	    (vmf->flags & (FAULT_FLAG_WRITE|FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE)))
+		return ret;
+
 	if (folio_order(folio) != HPAGE_PMD_ORDER)
 		return ret;
 	page = &folio->page;
-- 
2.46.1