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Message-ID: <162AE429-9D4E-4280-8349-2C545D03D182@nvidia.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2025 19:29:44 -0500
From: Zi Yan <ziy@...dia.com>
To: Balbir Singh <balbirs@...dia.com>
Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@...aro.org>, oe-kbuild@...ts.linux.dev,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org,
dri-devel@...ts.freedesktop.org, lkp@...el.com,
oe-kbuild-all@...ts.linux.dev, Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>, Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@...il.com>,
Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@...com>, Byungchul Park <byungchul@...com>,
Gregory Price <gourry@...rry.net>, Ying Huang <ying.huang@...ux.alibaba.com>,
Alistair Popple <apopple@...dia.com>, Oscar Salvador <osalvador@...e.de>,
Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@...cle.com>,
Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@...ux.alibaba.com>,
"Liam R. Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@...cle.com>, Nico Pache <npache@...hat.com>,
Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@....com>, Dev Jain <dev.jain@....com>,
Barry Song <baohua@...nel.org>, Lyude Paul <lyude@...hat.com>,
Danilo Krummrich <dakr@...nel.org>, David Airlie <airlied@...il.com>,
Simona Vetter <simona@...ll.ch>, Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@...dia.com>,
Mika Penttilä <mpenttil@...hat.com>,
Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@...el.com>,
Francois Dugast <francois.dugast@...el.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm/huge_memory.c: introduce folio_split_unmapped
On 19 Nov 2025, at 18:58, Balbir Singh wrote:
> On 11/19/25 23:32, Dan Carpenter wrote:
>> Hi Balbir,
>>
>> kernel test robot noticed the following build warnings:
>>
>> url: https://github.com/intel-lab-lkp/linux/commits/Balbir-Singh/mm-huge_memory-c-introduce-folio_split_unmapped/20251114-093541
>> base: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm.git mm-everything
>> patch link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251114012228.2634882-1-balbirs%40nvidia.com
>> patch subject: [PATCH] mm/huge_memory.c: introduce folio_split_unmapped
>> config: i386-randconfig-141-20251115 (https://download.01.org/0day-ci/archive/20251115/202511151216.rhK2ItOb-lkp@intel.com/config)
>> compiler: gcc-12 (Debian 12.4.0-5) 12.4.0
>>
>> If you fix the issue in a separate patch/commit (i.e. not just a new version of
>> the same patch/commit), kindly add following tags
>> | Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@...el.com>
>> | Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@...aro.org>
>> | Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/202511151216.rhK2ItOb-lkp@intel.com/
>>
>> smatch warnings:
>> mm/huge_memory.c:4044 __folio_split() error: uninitialized symbol 'end'.
>> mm/huge_memory.c:4052 __folio_split() error: we previously assumed 'mapping' could be null (see line 4046)
>>
>
> Thanks for the report!
>
> If mapping is not NULL, end is initialized. More comments on UBSan below
Maybe initialize end to -1 and add
VM_WARN_ONCE_ON(!mapping && end != -1);
in __folio_freeze_and_split_unmapped() to make static analyzer happy?
I assume end cannot be -1 for file-mapped folios. Let me know if I get
this wrong.
>
>> vim +/end +4044 mm/huge_memory.c
>>
>> 6384dd1d18de7b Zi Yan 2025-03-07 3908 static int __folio_split(struct folio *folio, unsigned int new_order,
>> 58729c04cf1092 Zi Yan 2025-03-07 3909 struct page *split_at, struct page *lock_at,
>> f6b1f167ffe29f Balbir Singh 2025-11-14 3910 struct list_head *list, enum split_type split_type)
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 3911 {
>> 58729c04cf1092 Zi Yan 2025-03-07 3912 XA_STATE(xas, &folio->mapping->i_pages, folio->index);
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 3913 struct folio *end_folio = folio_next(folio);
>> 5d65c8d758f259 Barry Song 2024-08-24 3914 bool is_anon = folio_test_anon(folio);
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 3915 struct address_space *mapping = NULL;
>> 5d65c8d758f259 Barry Song 2024-08-24 3916 struct anon_vma *anon_vma = NULL;
>> 8ec26327c18e1d Wei Yang 2025-10-10 3917 int old_order = folio_order(folio);
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 3918 struct folio *new_folio, *next;
>> 391dc7f40590d7 Zi Yan 2025-07-18 3919 int nr_shmem_dropped = 0;
>> 391dc7f40590d7 Zi Yan 2025-07-18 3920 int remap_flags = 0;
>> 504e070dc08f75 Yang Shi 2021-06-15 3921 int extra_pins, ret;
>> 006d3ff27e884f Hugh Dickins 2018-11-30 3922 pgoff_t end;
>> 478d134e9506c7 Xu Yu 2022-04-28 3923 bool is_hzp;
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 3924
>> 714b056c832106 Zi Yan 2025-07-17 3925 VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
>> 714b056c832106 Zi Yan 2025-07-17 3926 VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!folio_test_large(folio), folio);
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 3927
>> 58729c04cf1092 Zi Yan 2025-03-07 3928 if (folio != page_folio(split_at) || folio != page_folio(lock_at))
>> 1412ecb3d256e5 Zi Yan 2024-03-07 3929 return -EINVAL;
>> 1412ecb3d256e5 Zi Yan 2024-03-07 3930
>> 8ec26327c18e1d Wei Yang 2025-10-10 3931 if (new_order >= old_order)
>> c010d47f107f60 Zi Yan 2024-02-26 3932 return -EINVAL;
>> 58729c04cf1092 Zi Yan 2025-03-07 3933
>> aa27253af32c74 Wei Yang 2025-11-06 3934 if (!folio_split_supported(folio, new_order, split_type, /* warn = */ true))
>> 6a50c9b512f773 Ran Xiaokai 2024-06-07 3935 return -EINVAL;
>> c010d47f107f60 Zi Yan 2024-02-26 3936
>> 5beaee54a324ba Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2024-03-26 3937) is_hzp = is_huge_zero_folio(folio);
>> 4737edbbdd4958 Naoya Horiguchi 2023-04-06 3938 if (is_hzp) {
>> 4737edbbdd4958 Naoya Horiguchi 2023-04-06 3939 pr_warn_ratelimited("Called split_huge_page for huge zero page\n");
>> 478d134e9506c7 Xu Yu 2022-04-28 3940 return -EBUSY;
>> 4737edbbdd4958 Naoya Horiguchi 2023-04-06 3941 }
>> 478d134e9506c7 Xu Yu 2022-04-28 3942
>> 3e9a13daa61253 Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2022-09-02 3943) if (folio_test_writeback(folio))
>> 59807685a7e77e Ying Huang 2017-09-06 3944 return -EBUSY;
>> 59807685a7e77e Ying Huang 2017-09-06 3945
>> 5d65c8d758f259 Barry Song 2024-08-24 3946 if (is_anon) {
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 3947 /*
>> c1e8d7c6a7a682 Michel Lespinasse 2020-06-08 3948 * The caller does not necessarily hold an mmap_lock that would
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 3949 * prevent the anon_vma disappearing so we first we take a
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 3950 * reference to it and then lock the anon_vma for write. This
>> 2f031c6f042cb8 Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2022-01-29 3951) * is similar to folio_lock_anon_vma_read except the write lock
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 3952 * is taken to serialise against parallel split or collapse
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 3953 * operations.
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 3954 */
>> 29eea9b5a9c9ec Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2022-09-02 3955) anon_vma = folio_get_anon_vma(folio);
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 3956 if (!anon_vma) {
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 3957 ret = -EBUSY;
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 3958 goto out;
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 3959 }
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 3960 anon_vma_lock_write(anon_vma);
>> 3d4c0d98eb8572 Balbir Singh 2025-10-01 3961 mapping = NULL;
>>
>> end is not initialized for anonymous folios.
>>
>
> Yes
>
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 3962 } else {
>> e220917fa50774 Luis Chamberlain 2024-08-22 3963 unsigned int min_order;
>> 6a3edd29395631 Yin Fengwei 2022-08-10 3964 gfp_t gfp;
>> 6a3edd29395631 Yin Fengwei 2022-08-10 3965
>> 3e9a13daa61253 Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2022-09-02 3966) mapping = folio->mapping;
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 3967
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 3968 /* Truncated ? */
>> 6384dd1d18de7b Zi Yan 2025-03-07 3969 /*
>> 6384dd1d18de7b Zi Yan 2025-03-07 3970 * TODO: add support for large shmem folio in swap cache.
>> 6384dd1d18de7b Zi Yan 2025-03-07 3971 * When shmem is in swap cache, mapping is NULL and
>> 6384dd1d18de7b Zi Yan 2025-03-07 3972 * folio_test_swapcache() is true.
>> 6384dd1d18de7b Zi Yan 2025-03-07 3973 */
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 3974 if (!mapping) {
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 3975 ret = -EBUSY;
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 3976 goto out;
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 3977 }
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 3978
>> e220917fa50774 Luis Chamberlain 2024-08-22 3979 min_order = mapping_min_folio_order(folio->mapping);
>> e220917fa50774 Luis Chamberlain 2024-08-22 3980 if (new_order < min_order) {
>> e220917fa50774 Luis Chamberlain 2024-08-22 3981 ret = -EINVAL;
>> e220917fa50774 Luis Chamberlain 2024-08-22 3982 goto out;
>> e220917fa50774 Luis Chamberlain 2024-08-22 3983 }
>> e220917fa50774 Luis Chamberlain 2024-08-22 3984
>> 6a3edd29395631 Yin Fengwei 2022-08-10 3985 gfp = current_gfp_context(mapping_gfp_mask(mapping) &
>> 6a3edd29395631 Yin Fengwei 2022-08-10 3986 GFP_RECLAIM_MASK);
>> 6a3edd29395631 Yin Fengwei 2022-08-10 3987
>> 0201ebf274a306 David Howells 2023-06-28 3988 if (!filemap_release_folio(folio, gfp)) {
>> 6a3edd29395631 Yin Fengwei 2022-08-10 3989 ret = -EBUSY;
>> 6a3edd29395631 Yin Fengwei 2022-08-10 3990 goto out;
>> 6a3edd29395631 Yin Fengwei 2022-08-10 3991 }
>> 6a3edd29395631 Yin Fengwei 2022-08-10 3992
>> 3c844d850e4486 Wei Yang 2025-11-06 3993 if (split_type == SPLIT_TYPE_UNIFORM) {
>> 58729c04cf1092 Zi Yan 2025-03-07 3994 xas_set_order(&xas, folio->index, new_order);
>> 8ec26327c18e1d Wei Yang 2025-10-10 3995 xas_split_alloc(&xas, folio, old_order, gfp);
>> 6b24ca4a1a8d4e Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2020-06-27 3996) if (xas_error(&xas)) {
>> 6b24ca4a1a8d4e Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2020-06-27 3997) ret = xas_error(&xas);
>> 6b24ca4a1a8d4e Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2020-06-27 3998) goto out;
>> 6b24ca4a1a8d4e Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2020-06-27 3999) }
>> 58729c04cf1092 Zi Yan 2025-03-07 4000 }
>> 6b24ca4a1a8d4e Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2020-06-27 4001)
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 4002 anon_vma = NULL;
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 4003 i_mmap_lock_read(mapping);
>> 006d3ff27e884f Hugh Dickins 2018-11-30 4004
>> 006d3ff27e884f Hugh Dickins 2018-11-30 4005 /*
>> 58729c04cf1092 Zi Yan 2025-03-07 4006 *__split_unmapped_folio() may need to trim off pages beyond
>> 58729c04cf1092 Zi Yan 2025-03-07 4007 * EOF: but on 32-bit, i_size_read() takes an irq-unsafe
>> 58729c04cf1092 Zi Yan 2025-03-07 4008 * seqlock, which cannot be nested inside the page tree lock.
>> 58729c04cf1092 Zi Yan 2025-03-07 4009 * So note end now: i_size itself may be changed at any moment,
>> 58729c04cf1092 Zi Yan 2025-03-07 4010 * but folio lock is good enough to serialize the trimming.
>> 006d3ff27e884f Hugh Dickins 2018-11-30 4011 */
>> 006d3ff27e884f Hugh Dickins 2018-11-30 4012 end = DIV_ROUND_UP(i_size_read(mapping->host), PAGE_SIZE);
>> d144bf6205342a Hugh Dickins 2021-09-02 4013 if (shmem_mapping(mapping))
>> d144bf6205342a Hugh Dickins 2021-09-02 4014 end = shmem_fallocend(mapping->host, end);
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 4015 }
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4016
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4017 /*
>> 684555aacc90d7 Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2022-09-02 4018) * Racy check if we can split the page, before unmap_folio() will
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4019 * split PMDs
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4020 */
>> 8710f6ed34e7bc David Hildenbrand 2024-08-02 4021 if (!can_split_folio(folio, 1, &extra_pins)) {
>> fd4a7ac32918d3 Baolin Wang 2022-10-24 4022 ret = -EAGAIN;
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4023 goto out_unlock;
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4024 }
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4025
>> 684555aacc90d7 Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2022-09-02 4026) unmap_folio(folio);
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4027
>> b6769834aac1d4 Alex Shi 2020-12-15 4028 /* block interrupt reentry in xa_lock and spinlock */
>> b6769834aac1d4 Alex Shi 2020-12-15 4029 local_irq_disable();
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 4030 if (mapping) {
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 4031 /*
>> 3e9a13daa61253 Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2022-09-02 4032) * Check if the folio is present in page cache.
>> 3e9a13daa61253 Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2022-09-02 4033) * We assume all tail are present too, if folio is there.
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 4034 */
>> 6b24ca4a1a8d4e Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2020-06-27 4035) xas_lock(&xas);
>> 6b24ca4a1a8d4e Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2020-06-27 4036) xas_reset(&xas);
>> 391dc7f40590d7 Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4037 if (xas_load(&xas) != folio) {
>> 391dc7f40590d7 Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4038 ret = -EAGAIN;
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 4039 goto fail;
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 4040 }
>> 391dc7f40590d7 Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4041 }
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 4042
>> f6b1f167ffe29f Balbir Singh 2025-11-14 4043 ret = __folio_freeze_and_split_unmapped(folio, new_order, split_at, &xas, mapping,
>> f6b1f167ffe29f Balbir Singh 2025-11-14 @4044 true, list, split_type, end, extra_pins);
>> ^^^
>> Passing uninitialized variables isn't allowed unless the function is
>> inlined. It triggers a UBSan warning at runtime as well.
>
> end is expected to be unused when uninitialized, are you suggesting we need to have a default value even if unused inside the function.
> My daily build has UBSan enabled, I'll try again
>
> CONFIG_UBSAN=y
> CONFIG_CC_HAS_UBSAN_ARRAY_BOUNDS=y
> # CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS is not set
> CONFIG_UBSAN_SHIFT=y
> # CONFIG_UBSAN_UNREACHABLE is not set
> # CONFIG_UBSAN_BOOL is not set
> # CONFIG_UBSAN_ENUM is not set
>
>
>>
>> 391dc7f40590d7 Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4045 fail:
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 @4046 if (mapping)
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4047 xas_unlock(&xas);
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4048
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4049 local_irq_enable();
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4050
>> 391dc7f40590d7 Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4051 if (nr_shmem_dropped)
>> 391dc7f40590d7 Zi Yan 2025-07-18 @4052 shmem_uncharge(mapping->host, nr_shmem_dropped);
>>
>> Smatch complains that mapping can be NULL, but this is false positive
>> because nr_shmem_dropped is always zero.
>>
>
> Agreed
>
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4053
>> 958fea4c1e2eb6 Balbir Singh 2025-10-01 4054 if (!ret && is_anon && !folio_is_device_private(folio))
>> 391dc7f40590d7 Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4055 remap_flags = RMP_USE_SHARED_ZEROPAGE;
>> 958fea4c1e2eb6 Balbir Singh 2025-10-01 4056
>> 8ec26327c18e1d Wei Yang 2025-10-10 4057 remap_page(folio, 1 << old_order, remap_flags);
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4058
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4059 /*
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4060 * Unlock all after-split folios except the one containing
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4061 * @lock_at page. If @folio is not split, it will be kept locked.
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4062 */
>> 391dc7f40590d7 Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4063 for (new_folio = folio; new_folio != end_folio; new_folio = next) {
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4064 next = folio_next(new_folio);
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4065 if (new_folio == page_folio(lock_at))
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4066 continue;
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4067
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4068 folio_unlock(new_folio);
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4069 /*
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4070 * Subpages may be freed if there wasn't any mapping
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4071 * like if add_to_swap() is running on a lru page that
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4072 * had its mapping zapped. And freeing these pages
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4073 * requires taking the lru_lock so we do the put_page
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4074 * of the tail pages after the split is complete.
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4075 */
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4076 free_folio_and_swap_cache(new_folio);
>> 6c7de9c83be68b Zi Yan 2025-07-18 4077 }
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4078
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4079 out_unlock:
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 4080 if (anon_vma) {
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4081 anon_vma_unlock_write(anon_vma);
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4082 put_anon_vma(anon_vma);
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 4083 }
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 4084 if (mapping)
>> baa355fd331424 Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-07-26 4085 i_mmap_unlock_read(mapping);
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4086 out:
>> 69a37a8ba1b408 Matthew Wilcox (Oracle 2022-06-08 4087) xas_destroy(&xas);
>> 8ec26327c18e1d Wei Yang 2025-10-10 4088 if (old_order == HPAGE_PMD_ORDER)
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4089 count_vm_event(!ret ? THP_SPLIT_PAGE : THP_SPLIT_PAGE_FAILED);
>> 8ec26327c18e1d Wei Yang 2025-10-10 4090 count_mthp_stat(old_order, !ret ? MTHP_STAT_SPLIT : MTHP_STAT_SPLIT_FAILED);
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4091 return ret;
>> e9b61f19858a5d Kirill A. Shutemov 2016-01-15 4092 }
>>
>
> Balbir
Best Regards,
Yan, Zi
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