linux-kernel - [RFC PATCH v2 14/15] unwind_user/backchain: Introduce back chain user space unwinding

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Message-ID: <20251205171446.2814872-15-jremus@linux.ibm.com>
Date: Fri,  5 Dec 2025 18:14:45 +0100
From: Jens Remus <jremus@...ux.ibm.com>
To: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-trace-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-s390@...r.kernel.org, bpf@...r.kernel.org, x86@...nel.org,
        Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...nel.org>
Cc: Jens Remus <jremus@...ux.ibm.com>, Heiko Carstens <hca@...ux.ibm.com>,
        Vasily Gorbik <gor@...ux.ibm.com>,
        Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@...ux.ibm.com>,
        Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...nel.org>,
        Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...nel.org>,
        Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@...icios.com>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>,
        Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...nel.org>,
        Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@...nel.org>,
        Namhyung Kim <namhyung@...nel.org>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@...nel.org>,
        Indu Bhagat <indu.bhagat@...cle.com>,
        "Jose E. Marchesi" <jemarch@....org>,
        Beau Belgrave <beaub@...ux.microsoft.com>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Florian Weimer <fweimer@...hat.com>, Kees Cook <kees@...nel.org>,
        "Carlos O'Donell" <codonell@...hat.com>, Sam James <sam@...too.org>,
        Dylan Hatch <dylanbhatch@...gle.com>
Subject: [RFC PATCH v2 14/15] unwind_user/backchain: Introduce back chain user space unwinding

Add support for unwinding of user space using back chain to the
unwind user interface.  Use it as secondary fallback for unwinding
using SFrame, if that fails and the primary fallback using frame
pointer is not available.

Signed-off-by: Jens Remus <jremus@...ux.ibm.com>
---

Notes (jremus):
    Changes in RFC v2:
    - Adjusted to latest unwind user enhancements.  Does hopefully no longer
      appear grafted on.

 arch/Kconfig                          |  6 ++++++
 include/linux/unwind_user_backchain.h | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 include/linux/unwind_user_types.h     |  2 ++
 kernel/unwind/user.c                  | 12 ++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 40 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/linux/unwind_user_backchain.h

diff --git a/arch/Kconfig b/arch/Kconfig
index 7fa89d70b244..37fb78a5e876 100644
--- a/arch/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/Kconfig
@@ -488,6 +488,12 @@ config AS_SFRAME
 config UNWIND_USER
 	bool
 
+config HAVE_UNWIND_USER_BACKCHAIN
+	bool
+	select UNWIND_USER
+	help
+	  The arch supports unwinding of user space using back chain.
+
 config HAVE_UNWIND_USER_FP
 	bool
 	select UNWIND_USER
diff --git a/include/linux/unwind_user_backchain.h b/include/linux/unwind_user_backchain.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e7a8e584b13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/unwind_user_backchain.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#ifndef _LINUX_UNWIND_USER_BACKCHAIN_H
+#define _LINUX_UNWIND_USER_BACKCHAIN_H
+
+struct unwind_user_state;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_UNWIND_USER_BACKCHAIN
+
+extern int arch_unwind_user_next_backchain(struct unwind_user_state *state);
+
+#else /* !CONFIG_HAVE_UNWIND_USER_BACKCHAIN */
+
+static inline int arch_unwind_user_next_backchain(struct unwind_user_state *state)
+{
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+#endif /* !CONFIG_HAVE_UNWIND_USER_BACKCHAIN */
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_UNWIND_USER_BACKCHAIN_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/unwind_user_types.h b/include/linux/unwind_user_types.h
index 6efc12b6e831..b44502e90b7f 100644
--- a/include/linux/unwind_user_types.h
+++ b/include/linux/unwind_user_types.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 enum unwind_user_type_bits {
 	UNWIND_USER_TYPE_SFRAME_BIT =		0,
 	UNWIND_USER_TYPE_FP_BIT =		1,
+	UNWIND_USER_TYPE_BACKCHAIN_BIT =	2,
 
 	NR_UNWIND_USER_TYPE_BITS,
 };
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ enum unwind_user_type {
 	UNWIND_USER_TYPE_NONE =			0,
 	UNWIND_USER_TYPE_SFRAME =		BIT(UNWIND_USER_TYPE_SFRAME_BIT),
 	UNWIND_USER_TYPE_FP =			BIT(UNWIND_USER_TYPE_FP_BIT),
+	UNWIND_USER_TYPE_BACKCHAIN =		BIT(UNWIND_USER_TYPE_BACKCHAIN_BIT),
 };
 
 struct unwind_stacktrace {
diff --git a/kernel/unwind/user.c b/kernel/unwind/user.c
index 122045cb411f..5b4649bc91ba 100644
--- a/kernel/unwind/user.c
+++ b/kernel/unwind/user.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
 #include <linux/unwind_user.h>
+#include <linux/unwind_user_backchain.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #include <linux/sframe.h>
 
@@ -105,6 +106,11 @@ static int unwind_user_next_common(struct unwind_user_state *state,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int unwind_user_next_backchain(struct unwind_user_state *state)
+{
+	return arch_unwind_user_next_backchain(state);
+}
+
 static int unwind_user_next_fp(struct unwind_user_state *state)
 {
 	struct pt_regs *regs = task_pt_regs(current);
@@ -159,6 +165,10 @@ static int unwind_user_next(struct unwind_user_state *state)
 			if (!unwind_user_next_fp(state))
 				return 0;
 			continue;
+		case UNWIND_USER_TYPE_BACKCHAIN:
+			if (!unwind_user_next_backchain(state))
+				return 0;
+			continue;		/* Try next method. */
 		default:
 			WARN_ONCE(1, "Undefined unwind bit %d", bit);
 			break;
@@ -187,6 +197,8 @@ static int unwind_user_start(struct unwind_user_state *state)
 		state->available_types |= UNWIND_USER_TYPE_SFRAME;
 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_UNWIND_USER_FP))
 		state->available_types |= UNWIND_USER_TYPE_FP;
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_UNWIND_USER_BACKCHAIN))
+		state->available_types |= UNWIND_USER_TYPE_BACKCHAIN;
 
 	state->ip = instruction_pointer(regs);
 	state->sp = user_stack_pointer(regs);
-- 
2.51.0