linux-kernel - [PATCH 1/2] iommu/vt-d: Skip dev-iotlb flush for inaccessible PCIe device without scalable mode

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Message-Id: <20251210171431.1589-2-guojinhui.liam@bytedance.com>
Date: Thu, 11 Dec 2025 01:14:30 +0800
From: "Jinhui Guo" <guojinhui.liam@...edance.com>
To: <dwmw2@...radead.org>, <baolu.lu@...ux.intel.com>, <joro@...tes.org>, 
	<will@...nel.org>
Cc: <haifeng.zhao@...ux.intel.com>, <guojinhui.liam@...edance.com>, 
	<iommu@...ts.linux.dev>, <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] iommu/vt-d: Skip dev-iotlb flush for inaccessible PCIe device without scalable mode

PCIe endpoints with ATS enabled and passed through to userspace
(e.g., QEMU, DPDK) can hard-lock the host when their link drops,
either by surprise removal or by a link fault.

Commit 4fc82cd907ac ("iommu/vt-d: Don't issue ATS Invalidation
request when device is disconnected") adds pci_dev_is_disconnected()
to devtlb_invalidation_with_pasid() so ATS invalidation is skipped
only when the device is being safely removed, but it applies only
when Intel IOMMU scalable mode is enabled.

With scalable mode disabled or unsupported, a system hard-lock
occurs when a PCIe endpoint's link drops because the Intel IOMMU
waits indefinitely for an ATS invalidation that cannot complete.

Call Trace:
 qi_submit_sync
 qi_flush_dev_iotlb
 __context_flush_dev_iotlb.part.0
 domain_context_clear_one_cb
 pci_for_each_dma_alias
 device_block_translation
 blocking_domain_attach_dev
 iommu_deinit_device
 __iommu_group_remove_device
 iommu_release_device
 iommu_bus_notifier
 blocking_notifier_call_chain
 bus_notify
 device_del
 pci_remove_bus_device
 pci_stop_and_remove_bus_device
 pciehp_unconfigure_device
 pciehp_disable_slot
 pciehp_handle_presence_or_link_change
 pciehp_ist

Commit 81e921fd3216 ("iommu/vt-d: Fix NULL domain on device release")
adds intel_pasid_teardown_sm_context() to intel_iommu_release_device(),
which calls qi_flush_dev_iotlb() and can also hard-lock the system
when a PCIe endpoint's link drops.

Call Trace:
 qi_submit_sync
 qi_flush_dev_iotlb
 __context_flush_dev_iotlb.part.0
 intel_context_flush_no_pasid
 device_pasid_table_teardown
 pci_pasid_table_teardown
 pci_for_each_dma_alias
 intel_pasid_teardown_sm_context
 intel_iommu_release_device
 iommu_deinit_device
 __iommu_group_remove_device
 iommu_release_device
 iommu_bus_notifier
 blocking_notifier_call_chain
 bus_notify
 device_del
 pci_remove_bus_device
 pci_stop_and_remove_bus_device
 pciehp_unconfigure_device
 pciehp_disable_slot
 pciehp_handle_presence_or_link_change
 pciehp_ist

Sometimes the endpoint loses connection without a link-down event
(e.g., due to a link fault); killing the process (virsh destroy)
then hard-locks the host.

Call Trace:
 qi_submit_sync
 qi_flush_dev_iotlb
 __context_flush_dev_iotlb.part.0
 domain_context_clear_one_cb
 pci_for_each_dma_alias
 device_block_translation
 blocking_domain_attach_dev
 __iommu_attach_device
 __iommu_device_set_domain
 __iommu_group_set_domain_internal
 iommu_detach_group
 vfio_iommu_type1_detach_group
 vfio_group_detach_container
 vfio_group_fops_release
 __fput

pci_dev_is_disconnected() only covers safe-removal paths;
pci_device_is_present() tests accessibility by reading
vendor/device IDs and internally calls pci_dev_is_disconnected().
On a ConnectX-5 (8 GT/s, x2) this costs ~70 µs.

Since __context_flush_dev_iotlb() is only called on
{attach,release}_dev paths (not hot), add pci_device_is_present()
there to skip inaccessible devices and avoid the hard-lock.

Fixes: 37764b952e1b ("iommu/vt-d: Global devTLB flush when present context entry changed")
Fixes: 81e921fd3216 ("iommu/vt-d: Fix NULL domain on device release")
Signed-off-by: Jinhui Guo <guojinhui.liam@...edance.com>
---
 drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.c | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.c b/drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.c
index 3e2255057079..b1e8eb6a6504 100644
--- a/drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.c
+++ b/drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.c
@@ -1099,9 +1099,20 @@ int intel_pasid_setup_sm_context(struct device *dev)
  */
 static void __context_flush_dev_iotlb(struct device_domain_info *info)
 {
+	struct pci_dev *pdev;
+
 	if (!info->ats_enabled)
 		return;

+	/*
+	 * Skip dev-IOTLB flush for inaccessible PCIe devices to prevent the
+	 * Intel IOMMU from waiting indefinitely for an ATS invalidation that
+	 * cannot complete.
+	 */
+	pdev = dev_is_pci(info->dev) ? to_pci_dev(info->dev) : NULL;
+	if (pdev && !pci_device_is_present(pdev))
+		return;
+
 	qi_flush_dev_iotlb(info->iommu, PCI_DEVID(info->bus, info->devfn),
 			   info->pfsid, info->ats_qdep, 0, MAX_AGAW_PFN_WIDTH);

-- 
2.20.1