linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v5 14/19] mm, swap: cleanup swap entry management workflow

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Message-ID: <CAMgjq7A=n=5cOgOYm8i-DmgjxQgYU9om2oq02nBk5vkn7dambA@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 22 Dec 2025 10:43:07 +0800
From: Kairui Song <ryncsn@...il.com>
To: Baoquan He <bhe@...hat.com>
Cc: linux-mm@...ck.org, Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>, 
	Barry Song <baohua@...nel.org>, Chris Li <chrisl@...nel.org>, Nhat Pham <nphamcs@...il.com>, 
	Yosry Ahmed <yosry.ahmed@...ux.dev>, David Hildenbrand <david@...nel.org>, 
	Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>, Youngjun Park <youngjun.park@....com>, 
	Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>, Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@...ux.alibaba.com>, 
	Ying Huang <ying.huang@...ux.alibaba.com>, Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@...weicloud.com>, 
	Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@...cle.com>, 
	"Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@...radead.org>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, 
	linux-pm@...r.kernel.org, "Rafael J. Wysocki (Intel)" <rafael@...nel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v5 14/19] mm, swap: cleanup swap entry management workflow

On Sat, Dec 20, 2025 at 12:02 PM Baoquan He <bhe@...hat.com> wrote:
>
> On 12/20/25 at 03:43am, Kairui Song wrote:
> > From: Kairui Song <kasong@...cent.com>
> >
> > The current swap entry allocation/freeing workflow has never had a clear
> > definition. This makes it hard to debug or add new optimizations.
> >
> > This commit introduces a proper definition of how swap entries would be
> > allocated and freed. Now, most operations are folio based, so they will
> > never exceed one swap cluster, and we now have a cleaner border between
> > swap and the rest of mm, making it much easier to follow and debug,
> > especially with new added sanity checks. Also making more optimization
> > possible.
> >
> > Swap entry will be mostly allocated and free with a folio bound.
>                                           ~~~~
>                                           freed, typo

Ack, nice catch.

> > The folio lock will be useful for resolving many swap ralated races.
> >
> > Now swap allocation (except hibernation) always starts with a folio in
> > the swap cache, and gets duped/freed protected by the folio lock:
> >
> > - folio_alloc_swap() - The only allocation entry point now.
> >   Context: The folio must be locked.
> >   This allocates one or a set of continuous swap slots for a folio and
> >   binds them to the folio by adding the folio to the swap cache. The
> >   swap slots' swap count start with zero value.
> >
> > - folio_dup_swap() - Increase the swap count of one or more entries.
> >   Context: The folio must be locked and in the swap cache. For now, the
> >   caller still has to lock the new swap entry owner (e.g., PTL).
> >   This increases the ref count of swap entries allocated to a folio.
> >   Newly allocated swap slots' count has to be increased by this helper
> >   as the folio got unmapped (and swap entries got installed).
> >
> > - folio_put_swap() - Decrease the swap count of one or more entries.
> >   Context: The folio must be locked and in the swap cache. For now, the
> >   caller still has to lock the new swap entry owner (e.g., PTL).
> >   This decreases the ref count of swap entries allocated to a folio.
> >   Typically, swapin will decrease the swap count as the folio got
> >   installed back and the swap entry got uninstalled
> >
> >   This won't remove the folio from the swap cache and free the
> >   slot. Lazy freeing of swap cache is helpful for reducing IO.
> >   There is already a folio_free_swap() for immediate cache reclaim.
> >   This part could be further optimized later.
> >
> > The above locking constraints could be further relaxed when the swap
> > table if fully implemented. Currently dup still needs the caller
>         ~~ s/if/is/ typo

Ack, Thanks!

>
> > to lock the swap entry container (e.g. PTL), or a concurrent zap
> > may underflow the swap count.
> ......
>
>