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Message-Id: <20251229105932.11360-1-linkinjeon@kernel.org>
Date: Mon, 29 Dec 2025 19:59:18 +0900
From: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@...nel.org>
To: viro@...iv.linux.org.uk,
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hch@...radead.org,
hch@....de,
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Cc: linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
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gunho.lee@....com,
Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@...nel.org>
Subject: [PATCH v3 00/12] ntfs filesystem remake
Introduction
============
The NTFS filesystem[1] still remains the default filesystem for Windows
and The well-maintained NTFS driver in the Linux kernel enhances
interoperability with Windows devices, making it easier for Linux users
to work with NTFS-formatted drives. Currently, ntfs support in Linux was
the long-neglected NTFS Classic (read-only), which has been removed from
the Linux kernel, leaving the poorly maintained ntfs3. ntfs3 still has
many problems and is poorly maintained, so users and distributions are
still using the old legacy ntfs-3g.
The remade ntfs is an implementation that supports write and the essential
requirements(iomap, no buffer-head, utilities, xfstests test result) based
on read-only classic NTFS.
The old read-only ntfs code is much cleaner, with extensive comments,
offers readability that makes understanding NTFS easier. This is why
new ntfs was developed on old read-only NTFS base.
The target is to provide current trends(iomap, no buffer head, folio),
enhanced performance, stable maintenance, utility support including fsck.
Key Features
============
- Write support:
Implement write support on classic read-only NTFS. Additionally,
integrate delayed allocation to enhance write performance through
multi-cluster allocation and minimized fragmentation of cluster bitmap.
- Switch to using iomap:
Use iomap for buffered IO writes, reads, direct IO, file extent mapping,
readpages, writepages operations.
- Stop using the buffer head:
The use of buffer head in old ntfs and switched to use folio instead.
As a result, CONFIG_BUFFER_HEAD option enable is removed in Kconfig also.
- Public utilities include fsck[2]:
While ntfs-3g includes ntfsprogs as a component, it notably lacks
the fsck implementation. So we have launched a new ntfs utilitiies
project called ntfsprogs-plus by forking from ntfs-3g after removing
unnecessary ntfs fuse implementation. fsck.ntfs can be used for ntfs
testing with xfstests as well as for recovering corrupted NTFS device.
- Performance Enhancements:
- ntfs vs. ntfs3:
* Performance was benchmarked using iozone with various chunk size.
- In single-thread(1T) write tests, ntfs show approximately
3~5% better performance.
- In multi-thread(4T) write tests, ntfs show approximately
35~110% better performance.
- Read throughput is identical for both ntfs implementations.
1GB file size:4096 size:16384 size:65536
MB/sec ntfs | ntfs3 ntfs | ntfs3 ntfs | ntfs3
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
read 399 | 399 426 | 424 429 | 430
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
write(1T) 291 | 276 325 | 305 333 | 317
write(4T) 105 | 50 113 | 78 114 | 99.6
* File list browsing performance. (about 12~14% faster)
files:100000 files:200000 files:400000
Sec ntfs | ntfs3 ntfs | ntfs3 ntfs | ntfs3
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
ls -lR 7.07 | 8.10 14.03 | 16.35 28.27 | 32.86
* mount time.
parti_size:1TB parti_size:2TB parti_size:4TB
Sec ntfs | ntfs3 ntfs | ntfs3 ntfs | ntfs3
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
mount 0.38 | 2.03 0.39 | 2.25 0.70 | 4.51
The following are the reasons why ntfs performance is higher
compared to ntfs3:
- Use iomap aops.
- Delayed allocation support.
- Optimize zero out for newly allocated clusters.
- Optimize runlist merge overhead with small chunck size.
- pre-load mft(inode) blocks and index(dentry) blocks to improve
readdir + stat performance.
- Load lcn bitmap on background.
- Stability improvement:
a. Pass more xfstests tests:
ntfs passed 287 tests, significantly higher than ntfs3's 218.
ntfs implement fallocate, idmapped mount and permission, etc,
resulting in a significantly high number of xfstests passing compared
to ntfs3.
b. Bonnie++ issue[3]:
The Bonnie++ benchmark fails on ntfs3 with a "Directory not empty"
error during file deletion. ntfs3 currently iterates directory
entries by reading index blocks one by one. When entries are deleted
concurrently, index block merging or entry relocation can cause
readdir() to skip some entries, leaving files undeleted in
workloads(bonnie++) that mix unlink and directory scans.
ntfs implement leaf chain traversal in readdir to avoid entry skip
on deletion.
- Journaling support:
ntfs3 does not provide full journaling support. It only implement journal
replay[4], which in our testing did not function correctly. My next task
after upstreaming will be to add full journal support to ntfs.
The feature comparison summary
==============================
Feature ntfs ntfs3
=================================== ======== ===========
Write support Yes Yes
iomap support Yes No
No buffer head Yes No
Public utilities(mkfs, fsck, etc.) Yes No
xfstests passed 287 218
Idmapped mount Yes No
Delayed allocation Yes No
Bonnie++ Pass Fail
Journaling Planned Inoperative
=================================== ======== ===========
References
==========
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS
[2] https://github.com/ntfsprogs-plus/ntfsprogs-plus
[3] https://lore.kernel.org/ntfs3/CAOZgwEd7NDkGEpdF6UQTcbYuupDavaHBoj4WwTy3Qe4Bqm6V0g@mail.gmail.com/
[4] https://marc.info/?l=linux-fsdevel&m=161738417018673&q=mbox
Available in the Git repository at:
===================================
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linkinjeon/ntfs.git ntfs-next
v3:
- Add generic helpers to convert cluster to folio index, cluster to
byte, byte to sector, etc.
- Remove bio null check and ntfs_setup_bio().
- Remove unneeded extra handling from old ntfs leftover.
- Allow readahead for $MFT file.
- Change memcpy to memcpy_from_folio or memcpy_to_folio.
- Never switche between compressed and non-compressed for live inodes.
- Add the comments for iomap_valid and iomap_put_folio.
- Split the resident and non-resident cases into separate helpers.
- Use kmalloc instead of page allocation for iomap inline data.
- Use iomap_zero_range instead of ntfs_buffered_zero_clusters.
- Use blkdev_issue_zeroout instead of ntfs_zero_clusters.
- Remove 2TB limitation on 32-bit system.
- Rename ntfsplus to ntfs.
- Remove -EINTR handing for read_mapping_folio.
- Rename ntfs_iomap.c to iomap.c
- Revert alias for the legacy ntfs driver in ntfs3.
- Restrict built-in NTFS seclection to one driver, allow both as
modules.
- Use static_assert() instead of the sizeof comments.
- Update the wrong iocharset comments in ntfs.rst.
v2:
- Add ntfs3-compatible mount options(sys_immutable, nohidden,
hide_dot_files, nocase, acl, windows_names, disable_sparse, discard).
- Add iocharset mount option.
- Add ntfs3-compatible dos attribute and ntfs attribute load/store
in setxattr/getattr().
- Add support for FS_IOC_{GET,SET}FSLABEL ioctl.
- Add support for FITRIM ioctl.
- Fix the warnings(duplicate symbol, __divdi3, etc) from kernel test robot.
- Prefix pr_xxx() with ntfsplus.
- Add support for $MFT File extension.
- Add Documentation/filesystems/ntfsplus.rst.
- Mark experimental.
- Remove BUG traps warnings from checkpatch.pl.
Namjae Jeon (14):
Revert "fs: Remove NTFS classic"
ntfs: update in-memory, on-disk structures and headers
ntfs: update super block operations
ntfs: update inode operations
ntfs: update directory operations
ntfs: update file operations
ntfs: update iomap and address space operations
ntfs: update attrib operations
ntfs: update runlist handling and cluster allocator
ntfs: add reparse and ea operations
ntfs: update misc operations
Revert: ntfs3: serve as alias for the legacy ntfs driver
ntfs: add Kconfig and Makefile
MAINTAINERS: add ntfs filesystem
Documentation/filesystems/index.rst | 1 +
Documentation/filesystems/ntfs.rst | 203 +
MAINTAINERS | 9 +
fs/Kconfig | 18 +
fs/Makefile | 1 +
fs/ntfs/Kconfig | 46 +
fs/ntfs/Makefile | 18 +
fs/ntfs/aops.c | 543 +++
fs/ntfs/aops.h | 24 +
fs/ntfs/attrib.c | 5384 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
fs/ntfs/attrib.h | 159 +
fs/ntfs/attrlist.c | 285 ++
fs/ntfs/attrlist.h | 21 +
fs/ntfs/bitmap.c | 292 ++
fs/ntfs/bitmap.h | 93 +
fs/ntfs/collate.c | 178 +
fs/ntfs/collate.h | 37 +
fs/ntfs/compress.c | 1559 ++++++++
fs/ntfs/debug.c | 171 +
fs/ntfs/debug.h | 63 +
fs/ntfs/dir.c | 1229 ++++++
fs/ntfs/dir.h | 33 +
fs/ntfs/ea.c | 933 +++++
fs/ntfs/ea.h | 25 +
fs/ntfs/endian.h | 79 +
fs/ntfs/file.c | 1142 ++++++
fs/ntfs/index.c | 2115 +++++++++++
fs/ntfs/index.h | 127 +
fs/ntfs/inode.c | 3793 +++++++++++++++++++
fs/ntfs/inode.h | 354 ++
fs/ntfs/iomap.c | 755 ++++
fs/ntfs/iomap.h | 22 +
fs/ntfs/layout.h | 2291 ++++++++++++
fs/ntfs/lcnalloc.c | 1014 +++++
fs/ntfs/lcnalloc.h | 127 +
fs/ntfs/logfile.c | 775 ++++
fs/ntfs/logfile.h | 316 ++
fs/ntfs/malloc.h | 100 +
fs/ntfs/mft.c | 2691 +++++++++++++
fs/ntfs/mft.h | 92 +
fs/ntfs/mst.c | 195 +
fs/ntfs/namei.c | 1678 +++++++++
fs/ntfs/ntfs.h | 200 +
fs/ntfs/quota.c | 97 +
fs/ntfs/quota.h | 16 +
fs/ntfs/reparse.c | 550 +++
fs/ntfs/reparse.h | 15 +
fs/ntfs/runlist.c | 1983 ++++++++++
fs/ntfs/runlist.h | 93 +
fs/ntfs/super.c | 2777 ++++++++++++++
fs/ntfs/sysctl.c | 56 +
fs/ntfs/sysctl.h | 27 +
fs/ntfs/time.h | 87 +
fs/ntfs/types.h | 55 +
fs/ntfs/unistr.c | 473 +++
fs/ntfs/upcase.c | 73 +
fs/ntfs/volume.h | 254 ++
fs/ntfs3/Kconfig | 9 -
fs/ntfs3/dir.c | 9 -
fs/ntfs3/file.c | 10 -
fs/ntfs3/inode.c | 16 +-
fs/ntfs3/ntfs_fs.h | 11 -
fs/ntfs3/super.c | 52 -
include/uapi/linux/ntfs.h | 23 +
64 files changed, 35774 insertions(+), 103 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 Documentation/filesystems/ntfs.rst
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/Kconfig
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/Makefile
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/aops.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/aops.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/attrib.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/attrib.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/attrlist.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/attrlist.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/bitmap.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/bitmap.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/collate.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/collate.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/compress.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/debug.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/debug.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/dir.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/dir.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/ea.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/ea.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/endian.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/file.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/index.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/index.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/inode.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/inode.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/iomap.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/iomap.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/layout.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/lcnalloc.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/lcnalloc.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/logfile.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/logfile.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/malloc.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/mft.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/mft.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/mst.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/namei.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/ntfs.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/quota.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/quota.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/reparse.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/reparse.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/runlist.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/runlist.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/super.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/sysctl.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/sysctl.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/time.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/types.h
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/unistr.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/upcase.c
create mode 100644 fs/ntfs/volume.h
create mode 100644 include/uapi/linux/ntfs.h
--
2.25.1
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