linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH 3/3] blk-cgroup: skip dying blkg in blkcg_activate

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Message-Id: <8b5487db-d15a-4dd1-901c-e33ec1418c75@fnnas.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Jan 2026 00:22:46 +0800
From: "Yu Kuai" <yukuai@...as.com>
To: "Zheng Qixing" <zhengqixing@...weicloud.com>, <tj@...nel.org>, 
	<josef@...icpanda.com>, <axboe@...nel.dk>
Cc: <cgroups@...r.kernel.org>, <linux-block@...r.kernel.org>, 
	<linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, <yi.zhang@...wei.com>, 
	<yangerkun@...wei.com>, <houtao1@...wei.com>, <zhengqixing@...wei.com>, 
	<yukuai@...as.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 3/3] blk-cgroup: skip dying blkg in blkcg_activate_policy()

Hi,

在 2026/1/8 9:44, Zheng Qixing 写道:
> From: Zheng Qixing <zhengqixing@...wei.com>
>
> When switching IO schedulers on a block device, blkcg_activate_policy()
> can race with concurrent blkcg deletion, leading to a use-after-free of
> the blkg.
>
> T1:				  T2:
> elv_iosched_store		  blkg_destroy
> elevator_switch			  kill(&blkg->refcnt) // blkg->refcnt=0
> ...				  blkg_release // call_rcu
> blkcg_activate_policy		  __blkg_release
> list for blkg			  blkg_free
> 				  blkg_free_workfn
> 				  ->pd_free_fn(pd)
> blkg_get(blkg) // blkg->refcnt=0->1
> 				  list_del_init(&blkg->q_node)
> 				  kfree(blkg)
> blkg_put(pinned_blkg) // blkg->refcnt=1->0
> blkg_release // call_rcu again
> call_rcu(..., __blkg_release)

This stack is not clear to me, can this problem be fixed by protecting
q->blkg_list iteration with blkcg_mutex as I said in patch 2?

>
> Fix this by replacing blkg_get() with blkg_tryget(), which fails if
> the blkg's refcount has already reached zero. If blkg_tryget() fails,
> skip processing this blkg since it's already being destroyed.
>
> The uaf call trace is as follows:
>
> ==================================================================
>   BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in rcu_accelerate_cbs+0x114/0x120
>   Read of size 8 at addr ffff88815a20b5d8 by task bash/1068
>   CPU: 0 PID: 1068 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.6.0-g6918ead378dc-dirty #31
>   Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.1-2.fc37 04/01/2014
> Call Trace:
>   <IRQ>
>   rcu_accelerate_cbs+0x114/0x120
>   rcu_report_qs_rdp+0x1fb/0x3e0
>   rcu_core+0x4d7/0x6f0
>   handle_softirqs+0x198/0x550
>   irq_exit_rcu+0x130/0x190
>   sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x6e/0x90
>   </IRQ>
>   <TASK>
>   asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x16/0x20
>
> Allocated by task 1031:
>   kasan_save_stack+0x1c/0x40
>   kasan_set_track+0x21/0x30
>   __kasan_kmalloc+0x8b/0x90
>   blkg_alloc+0xb6/0x9c0
>   blkg_create+0x8c6/0x1010
>   blkg_lookup_create+0x2ca/0x660
>   bio_associate_blkg_from_css+0xfb/0x4e0
>   bio_associate_blkg+0x62/0xf0
>   bio_init+0x272/0x8d0
>   bio_alloc_bioset+0x45a/0x760
>   ext4_bio_write_folio+0x68e/0x10d0
>   mpage_submit_folio+0x14a/0x2b0
>   mpage_process_page_bufs+0x1b1/0x390
>   mpage_prepare_extent_to_map+0xa91/0x1060
>   ext4_do_writepages+0x948/0x1c50
>   ext4_writepages+0x23f/0x4a0
>   do_writepages+0x162/0x5e0
>   filemap_fdatawrite_wbc+0x11a/0x180
>   __filemap_fdatawrite_range+0x9d/0xd0
>   file_write_and_wait_range+0x91/0x110
>   ext4_sync_file+0x1c1/0xaa0
>   __x64_sys_fsync+0x55/0x90
>   do_syscall_64+0x55/0x100
>   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0xe2
>
> Freed by task 24:
>   kasan_save_stack+0x1c/0x40
>   kasan_set_track+0x21/0x30
>   kasan_save_free_info+0x27/0x40
>   __kasan_slab_free+0x106/0x180
>   __kmem_cache_free+0x162/0x350
>   process_one_work+0x573/0xd30
>   worker_thread+0x67f/0xc30
>   kthread+0x28b/0x350
>   ret_from_fork+0x30/0x70
>   ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30
>
> Fixes: f1c006f1c685 ("blk-cgroup: synchronize pd_free_fn() from blkg_free_workfn() and blkcg_deactivate_policy()")
> Signed-off-by: Zheng Qixing <zhengqixing@...wei.com>
> ---
>   block/blk-cgroup.c | 3 ++-
>   1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
> diff --git a/block/blk-cgroup.c b/block/blk-cgroup.c
> index af468676cad1..ac7702db0836 100644
> --- a/block/blk-cgroup.c
> +++ b/block/blk-cgroup.c
> @@ -1645,9 +1645,10 @@ int blkcg_activate_policy(struct gendisk *disk, const struct blkcg_policy *pol)
>   			 * GFP_NOWAIT failed.  Free the existing one and
>   			 * prealloc for @blkg w/ GFP_KERNEL.
>   			 */

Why this check is not done before pd_alloc_fn()? What if pd_alloc_fn() succeed for
removed blkg?

> +			if (!blkg_tryget(blkg))
> +				continue;
>   			if (pinned_blkg)
>   				blkg_put(pinned_blkg);
> -			blkg_get(blkg);
>   			pinned_blkg = blkg;
>   
>   			spin_unlock_irq(&q->queue_lock);

-- 
Thansk,
Kuai