linux-kernel - [PATCH] mm/page_alloc: Avoid duplicate NR_FREE_PAGES updates in move_to_free

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Message-Id: <20260109105121.328780-1-yajun.deng@linux.dev>
Date: Fri,  9 Jan 2026 18:51:21 +0800
From: Yajun Deng <yajun.deng@...ux.dev>
To: akpm@...ux-foundation.org,
	vbabka@...e.cz,
	surenb@...gle.com,
	mhocko@...e.com,
	jackmanb@...gle.com,
	hannes@...xchg.org,
	ziy@...dia.com
Cc: linux-mm@...ck.org,
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	Yajun Deng <yajun.deng@...ux.dev>
Subject: [PATCH] mm/page_alloc: Avoid duplicate NR_FREE_PAGES updates in move_to_free_list()

In move_to_free_list(), when a page block changes its migration type,
we need to update free page counts for both the old and new types.
Originally, this was done by two calls to account_freepages(), which
updates NR_FREE_PAGES and also type-specific counters. However, this
causes NR_FREE_PAGES to be updated twice, while the net change is zero
in most cases.

This patch introduces a new function account_freepages_both() that
updates the statistics for both old and new migration types in one go.
It avoids the double update of NR_FREE_PAGES by computing the net change
only when the isolation status changes.

The optimization avoid duplicate NR_FREE_PAGES updates in
move_to_free_list().

Signed-off-by: Yajun Deng <yajun.deng@...ux.dev>
---
 mm/page_alloc.c | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index ebfa07632995..e51d8bd7ab7d 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -812,6 +812,16 @@ compaction_capture(struct capture_control *capc, struct page *page,
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */
 
+static inline void account_specific_freepages(struct zone *zone, int nr_pages,
+					      int migratetype)
+{
+	if (is_migrate_cma(migratetype))
+		__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES, nr_pages);
+	else if (migratetype == MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC)
+		WRITE_ONCE(zone->nr_free_highatomic,
+			   zone->nr_free_highatomic + nr_pages);
+}
+
 static inline void account_freepages(struct zone *zone, int nr_pages,
 				     int migratetype)
 {
@@ -822,11 +832,25 @@ static inline void account_freepages(struct zone *zone, int nr_pages,
 
 	__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES, nr_pages);
 
-	if (is_migrate_cma(migratetype))
-		__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES, nr_pages);
-	else if (migratetype == MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC)
-		WRITE_ONCE(zone->nr_free_highatomic,
-			   zone->nr_free_highatomic + nr_pages);
+	account_specific_freepages(zone, nr_pages, migratetype);
+}
+
+static inline void account_freepages_both(struct zone *zone, int nr_pages,
+					  int old_mt, int new_mt)
+{
+	lockdep_assert_held(&zone->lock);
+
+	bool old_isolated = is_migrate_isolate(old_mt);
+	bool new_isolated = is_migrate_isolate(new_mt);
+
+	if (old_isolated != new_isolated)
+		__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES,
+				      old_isolated ? nr_pages : -nr_pages);
+
+	if (!old_isolated)
+		account_specific_freepages(zone, -nr_pages, old_mt);
+	if (!new_isolated)
+		account_specific_freepages(zone, nr_pages, new_mt);
 }
 
 /* Used for pages not on another list */
@@ -869,8 +893,7 @@ static inline void move_to_free_list(struct page *page, struct zone *zone,
 
 	list_move_tail(&page->buddy_list, &area->free_list[new_mt]);
 
-	account_freepages(zone, -nr_pages, old_mt);
-	account_freepages(zone, nr_pages, new_mt);
+	account_freepages_both(zone, nr_pages, old_mt, new_mt);
 
 	if (order >= pageblock_order &&
 	    is_migrate_isolate(old_mt) != is_migrate_isolate(new_mt)) {
-- 
2.34.1