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Message-ID: <aWU16VlMLDgLS4Gg@yury>
Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2026 12:56:57 -0500
From: Yury Norov <ynorov@...dia.com>
To: Gregory Price <gourry@...rry.net>
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Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v3 4/8] cpuset: introduce cpuset.mems.sysram
On Thu, Jan 08, 2026 at 03:37:51PM -0500, Gregory Price wrote:
> mems_sysram contains only SystemRAM nodes (omitting Private Nodes).
>
> The nodemask is intersect(effective_mems, node_states[N_MEMORY]).
>
> When checking mems_allowed, check for __GFP_THISNODE to determine if
> the check should be made against sysram_nodes or mems_allowed.
>
> This omits Private Nodes (N_PRIVATE) from default mems_allowed checks,
> making those nodes unreachable via normal allocation paths (page
> faults, mempolicies, etc).
>
> Signed-off-by: Gregory Price <gourry@...rry.net>
> ---
> include/linux/cpuset.h | 20 +++++--
> kernel/cgroup/cpuset-internal.h | 8 +++
> kernel/cgroup/cpuset-v1.c | 8 +++
> kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
> mm/memcontrol.c | 2 +-
> mm/mempolicy.c | 6 +--
> mm/migrate.c | 4 +-
> 7 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/cpuset.h b/include/linux/cpuset.h
> index fe4f29624117..1ae09ec0fcb7 100644
> --- a/include/linux/cpuset.h
> +++ b/include/linux/cpuset.h
> @@ -174,7 +174,9 @@ static inline void set_mems_allowed(nodemask_t nodemask)
> task_unlock(current);
> }
>
> -extern void cpuset_nodes_allowed(struct cgroup *cgroup, nodemask_t *mask);
> +extern void cpuset_sysram_nodes_allowed(struct cgroup *cgroup,
> + nodemask_t *mask);
> +extern nodemask_t cpuset_sysram_nodemask(struct task_struct *p);
> #else /* !CONFIG_CPUSETS */
>
> static inline bool cpusets_enabled(void) { return false; }
> @@ -218,7 +220,13 @@ static inline bool cpuset_cpu_is_isolated(int cpu)
> return false;
> }
>
> -static inline nodemask_t cpuset_mems_allowed(struct task_struct *p)
> +static inline void cpuset_sysram_nodes_allowed(struct cgroup *cgroup,
> + nodemask_t *mask)
> +{
> + nodes_copy(*mask, node_possible_map);
> +}
> +
> +static inline nodemask_t cpuset_sysram_nodemask(struct task_struct *p)
> {
> return node_possible_map;
> }
> @@ -301,10 +309,16 @@ static inline bool read_mems_allowed_retry(unsigned int seq)
> return false;
> }
>
> -static inline void cpuset_nodes_allowed(struct cgroup *cgroup, nodemask_t *mask)
> +static inline void cpuset_sysram_nodes_allowed(struct cgroup *cgroup,
> + nodemask_t *mask)
> {
> nodes_copy(*mask, node_states[N_MEMORY]);
> }
> +
> +static nodemask_t cpuset_sysram_nodemask(struct task_struct *p)
> +{
> + return node_states[N_MEMORY];
> +}
> #endif /* !CONFIG_CPUSETS */
>
> #endif /* _LINUX_CPUSET_H */
> diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cpuset-internal.h b/kernel/cgroup/cpuset-internal.h
> index 01976c8e7d49..4764aaef585f 100644
> --- a/kernel/cgroup/cpuset-internal.h
> +++ b/kernel/cgroup/cpuset-internal.h
> @@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ typedef enum {
> FILE_MEMORY_MIGRATE,
> FILE_CPULIST,
> FILE_MEMLIST,
> + FILE_MEMS_SYSRAM,
> FILE_EFFECTIVE_CPULIST,
> FILE_EFFECTIVE_MEMLIST,
> FILE_SUBPARTS_CPULIST,
> @@ -104,6 +105,13 @@ struct cpuset {
> cpumask_var_t effective_cpus;
> nodemask_t effective_mems;
>
> + /*
> + * SystemRAM Memory Nodes for tasks.
> + * This is the intersection of effective_mems and node_states[N_MEMORY].
> + * Tasks will have their sysram_nodes set to this value.
> + */
> + nodemask_t mems_sysram;
> +
> /*
> * Exclusive CPUs dedicated to current cgroup (default hierarchy only)
> *
> diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cpuset-v1.c b/kernel/cgroup/cpuset-v1.c
> index 12e76774c75b..45b74181effd 100644
> --- a/kernel/cgroup/cpuset-v1.c
> +++ b/kernel/cgroup/cpuset-v1.c
> @@ -293,6 +293,8 @@ void cpuset1_hotplug_update_tasks(struct cpuset *cs,
> cpumask_copy(cs->effective_cpus, new_cpus);
> cs->mems_allowed = *new_mems;
> cs->effective_mems = *new_mems;
> + nodes_and(cs->mems_sysram, cs->effective_mems, node_states[N_MEMORY]);
> + cpuset_update_tasks_nodemask(cs);
> cpuset_callback_unlock_irq();
>
> /*
> @@ -532,6 +534,12 @@ struct cftype cpuset1_files[] = {
> .private = FILE_EFFECTIVE_MEMLIST,
> },
>
> + {
> + .name = "mems_sysram",
> + .seq_show = cpuset_common_seq_show,
> + .private = FILE_MEMS_SYSRAM,
> + },
> +
> {
> .name = "cpu_exclusive",
> .read_u64 = cpuset_read_u64,
> diff --git a/kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c b/kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c
> index a3ade9d5968b..4c213a2ea7ac 100644
> --- a/kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c
> +++ b/kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c
> @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
> #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
> #include <linux/mm.h>
> #include <linux/memory.h>
> +#include <linux/memory-tiers.h>
> #include <linux/export.h>
> #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
> #include <linux/sched.h>
> @@ -454,11 +455,11 @@ static void guarantee_active_cpus(struct task_struct *tsk,
> *
> * Call with callback_lock or cpuset_mutex held.
> */
> -static void guarantee_online_mems(struct cpuset *cs, nodemask_t *pmask)
> +static void guarantee_online_sysram_nodes(struct cpuset *cs, nodemask_t *pmask)
> {
> - while (!nodes_intersects(cs->effective_mems, node_states[N_MEMORY]))
> + while (!nodes_intersects(cs->mems_sysram, node_states[N_MEMORY]))
> cs = parent_cs(cs);
> - nodes_and(*pmask, cs->effective_mems, node_states[N_MEMORY]);
> + nodes_and(*pmask, cs->mems_sysram, node_states[N_MEMORY]);
> }
>
> /**
> @@ -2791,7 +2792,7 @@ void cpuset_update_tasks_nodemask(struct cpuset *cs)
>
> cpuset_being_rebound = cs; /* causes mpol_dup() rebind */
>
> - guarantee_online_mems(cs, &newmems);
> + guarantee_online_sysram_nodes(cs, &newmems);
>
> /*
> * The mpol_rebind_mm() call takes mmap_lock, which we couldn't
> @@ -2816,7 +2817,7 @@ void cpuset_update_tasks_nodemask(struct cpuset *cs)
>
> migrate = is_memory_migrate(cs);
>
> - mpol_rebind_mm(mm, &cs->mems_allowed);
> + mpol_rebind_mm(mm, &cs->mems_sysram);
> if (migrate)
> cpuset_migrate_mm(mm, &cs->old_mems_allowed, &newmems);
> else
> @@ -2876,6 +2877,8 @@ static void update_nodemasks_hier(struct cpuset *cs, nodemask_t *new_mems)
>
> spin_lock_irq(&callback_lock);
> cp->effective_mems = *new_mems;
> + nodes_and(cp->mems_sysram, cp->effective_mems,
> + node_states[N_MEMORY]);
> spin_unlock_irq(&callback_lock);
>
> WARN_ON(!is_in_v2_mode() &&
> @@ -3304,11 +3307,11 @@ static void cpuset_attach(struct cgroup_taskset *tset)
> * by skipping the task iteration and update.
> */
> if (cpuset_v2() && !cpus_updated && !mems_updated) {
> - cpuset_attach_nodemask_to = cs->effective_mems;
> + cpuset_attach_nodemask_to = cs->mems_sysram;
> goto out;
> }
>
> - guarantee_online_mems(cs, &cpuset_attach_nodemask_to);
> + guarantee_online_sysram_nodes(cs, &cpuset_attach_nodemask_to);
>
> cgroup_taskset_for_each(task, css, tset)
> cpuset_attach_task(cs, task);
> @@ -3319,7 +3322,7 @@ static void cpuset_attach(struct cgroup_taskset *tset)
> * if there is no change in effective_mems and CS_MEMORY_MIGRATE is
> * not set.
> */
> - cpuset_attach_nodemask_to = cs->effective_mems;
> + cpuset_attach_nodemask_to = cs->mems_sysram;
> if (!is_memory_migrate(cs) && !mems_updated)
> goto out;
>
> @@ -3441,6 +3444,9 @@ int cpuset_common_seq_show(struct seq_file *sf, void *v)
> case FILE_EFFECTIVE_MEMLIST:
> seq_printf(sf, "%*pbl\n", nodemask_pr_args(&cs->effective_mems));
> break;
> + case FILE_MEMS_SYSRAM:
> + seq_printf(sf, "%*pbl\n", nodemask_pr_args(&cs->mems_sysram));
> + break;
> case FILE_EXCLUSIVE_CPULIST:
> seq_printf(sf, "%*pbl\n", cpumask_pr_args(cs->exclusive_cpus));
> break;
> @@ -3552,6 +3558,12 @@ static struct cftype dfl_files[] = {
> .private = FILE_EFFECTIVE_MEMLIST,
> },
>
> + {
> + .name = "mems.sysram",
> + .seq_show = cpuset_common_seq_show,
> + .private = FILE_MEMS_SYSRAM,
> + },
> +
> {
> .name = "cpus.partition",
> .seq_show = cpuset_partition_show,
> @@ -3654,6 +3666,8 @@ static int cpuset_css_online(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
> if (is_in_v2_mode()) {
> cpumask_copy(cs->effective_cpus, parent->effective_cpus);
> cs->effective_mems = parent->effective_mems;
> + nodes_and(cs->mems_sysram, cs->effective_mems,
> + node_states[N_MEMORY]);
> }
> spin_unlock_irq(&callback_lock);
>
> @@ -3685,6 +3699,8 @@ static int cpuset_css_online(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
> spin_lock_irq(&callback_lock);
> cs->mems_allowed = parent->mems_allowed;
> cs->effective_mems = parent->mems_allowed;
> + nodes_and(cs->mems_sysram, cs->effective_mems,
> + node_states[N_MEMORY]);
> cpumask_copy(cs->cpus_allowed, parent->cpus_allowed);
> cpumask_copy(cs->effective_cpus, parent->cpus_allowed);
> spin_unlock_irq(&callback_lock);
> @@ -3838,7 +3854,7 @@ static void cpuset_fork(struct task_struct *task)
>
> /* CLONE_INTO_CGROUP */
> mutex_lock(&cpuset_mutex);
> - guarantee_online_mems(cs, &cpuset_attach_nodemask_to);
> + guarantee_online_sysram_nodes(cs, &cpuset_attach_nodemask_to);
> cpuset_attach_task(cs, task);
>
> dec_attach_in_progress_locked(cs);
> @@ -3887,7 +3903,8 @@ int __init cpuset_init(void)
> cpumask_setall(top_cpuset.effective_xcpus);
> cpumask_setall(top_cpuset.exclusive_cpus);
> nodes_setall(top_cpuset.effective_mems);
> -
> + nodes_and(top_cpuset.mems_sysram, top_cpuset.effective_mems,
> + node_states[N_MEMORY]);
A & TRUE == A, so maybe:
nodes_copy(top_cpuset.mems_sysram, node_states[N_MEMORY])
And maybe:
nodes_complement(top_cpuset.mems_sysram, node_states[N_PRIVATE])
> fmeter_init(&top_cpuset.fmeter);
>
> BUG_ON(!alloc_cpumask_var(&cpus_attach, GFP_KERNEL));
> @@ -3916,6 +3933,7 @@ hotplug_update_tasks(struct cpuset *cs,
> spin_lock_irq(&callback_lock);
> cpumask_copy(cs->effective_cpus, new_cpus);
> cs->effective_mems = *new_mems;
> + nodes_and(cs->mems_sysram, cs->effective_mems, node_states[N_MEMORY]);
Same here, maybe:
nodes_andnot(cs->mems_sysram, cs->effective_mems, node_states[N_PRIVATE]);
> spin_unlock_irq(&callback_lock);
>
> if (cpus_updated)
> @@ -4064,7 +4082,15 @@ static void cpuset_handle_hotplug(void)
>
> /* fetch the available cpus/mems and find out which changed how */
> cpumask_copy(&new_cpus, cpu_active_mask);
> - new_mems = node_states[N_MEMORY];
> +
> + /*
> + * Effective mems is union(N_MEMORY, N_PRIVATE), this allows
> + * control over N_PRIVATE node usage from cgroups while
> + * mems.sysram prevents N_PRIVATE nodes from being used
> + * without __GFP_THISNODE.
> + */
> + nodes_clear(new_mems);
> + nodes_or(new_mems, node_states[N_MEMORY], node_states[N_PRIVATE]);
No need to clear nodemask before nodes_or()
>
> /*
> * If subpartitions_cpus is populated, it is likely that the check
> @@ -4106,6 +4132,8 @@ static void cpuset_handle_hotplug(void)
> if (!on_dfl)
> top_cpuset.mems_allowed = new_mems;
> top_cpuset.effective_mems = new_mems;
> + nodes_and(top_cpuset.mems_sysram, top_cpuset.effective_mems,
> + node_states[N_MEMORY]);
> spin_unlock_irq(&callback_lock);
> cpuset_update_tasks_nodemask(&top_cpuset);
> }
> @@ -4176,6 +4204,7 @@ void __init cpuset_init_smp(void)
>
> cpumask_copy(top_cpuset.effective_cpus, cpu_active_mask);
> top_cpuset.effective_mems = node_states[N_MEMORY];
> + top_cpuset.mems_sysram = node_states[N_MEMORY];
>
> hotplug_node_notifier(cpuset_track_online_nodes, CPUSET_CALLBACK_PRI);
>
> @@ -4293,14 +4322,18 @@ bool cpuset_cpus_allowed_fallback(struct task_struct *tsk)
> return changed;
> }
>
> +/*
> + * At this point in time, no hotplug nodes can have been added, so just set
> + * the sysram_nodes of the init task to the set of N_MEMORY nodes.
> + */
> void __init cpuset_init_current_mems_allowed(void)
> {
> - nodes_setall(current->mems_allowed);
> + current->mems_allowed = node_states[N_MEMORY];
> }
>
> /**
> - * cpuset_mems_allowed - return mems_allowed mask from a tasks cpuset.
> - * @tsk: pointer to task_struct from which to obtain cpuset->mems_allowed.
> + * cpuset_sysram_nodemask - return mems_sysram mask from a tasks cpuset.
> + * @tsk: pointer to task_struct from which to obtain cpuset->mems_sysram.
> *
> * Description: Returns the nodemask_t mems_allowed of the cpuset
> * attached to the specified @tsk. Guaranteed to return some non-empty
> @@ -4308,13 +4341,13 @@ void __init cpuset_init_current_mems_allowed(void)
> * tasks cpuset.
> **/
>
> -nodemask_t cpuset_mems_allowed(struct task_struct *tsk)
> +nodemask_t cpuset_sysram_nodemask(struct task_struct *tsk)
> {
> nodemask_t mask;
> unsigned long flags;
>
> spin_lock_irqsave(&callback_lock, flags);
> - guarantee_online_mems(task_cs(tsk), &mask);
> + guarantee_online_sysram_nodes(task_cs(tsk), &mask);
> spin_unlock_irqrestore(&callback_lock, flags);
>
> return mask;
> @@ -4383,17 +4416,30 @@ static struct cpuset *nearest_hardwall_ancestor(struct cpuset *cs)
> * tsk_is_oom_victim - any node ok
> * GFP_KERNEL - any node in enclosing hardwalled cpuset ok
> * GFP_USER - only nodes in current tasks mems allowed ok.
> + * GFP_THISNODE - allows private memory nodes in mems_allowed
It has broader scope:
* %__GFP_THISNODE forces the allocation to be satisfied from the requested
* node with no fallbacks or placement policy enforcements.
Or I misunderstand something? Anyways, a new dedicated flag would be
better.
> */
> bool cpuset_current_node_allowed(int node, gfp_t gfp_mask)
> {
> struct cpuset *cs; /* current cpuset ancestors */
> bool allowed; /* is allocation in zone z allowed? */
> unsigned long flags;
> + bool private_nodes = gfp_mask & __GFP_THISNODE;
>
> + /* Only SysRAM nodes are valid in interrupt context */
> if (in_interrupt())
> - return true;
> - if (node_isset(node, current->mems_allowed))
> - return true;
> + return node_isset(node, node_states[N_MEMORY]);
Please: node_state(node, N_MEMORY);
Here and everywhere, it implies that every non-private node is N_MEMORY
node. In other words, the before and after are not equivalent. If you want
to make them equivalent, please:
return !node_state(node, N_PRIVATE);
Thank,
Yury
> +
> + if (private_nodes) {
> + rcu_read_lock();
> + cs = task_cs(current);
> + allowed = node_isset(node, cs->effective_mems);
> + rcu_read_unlock();
> + } else
> + allowed = node_isset(node, current->mems_allowed);
> +
> + if (allowed)
> + return allowed;
> +
> /*
> * Allow tasks that have access to memory reserves because they have
> * been OOM killed to get memory anywhere.
> @@ -4412,6 +4458,10 @@ bool cpuset_current_node_allowed(int node, gfp_t gfp_mask)
> cs = nearest_hardwall_ancestor(task_cs(current));
> allowed = node_isset(node, cs->mems_allowed);
>
> + /* If not allowing private node allocation, restrict to sysram nodes */
> + if (!private_nodes)
> + allowed &= node_isset(node, node_states[N_MEMORY]);
> +
> spin_unlock_irqrestore(&callback_lock, flags);
> return allowed;
> }
> @@ -4434,7 +4484,7 @@ bool cpuset_current_node_allowed(int node, gfp_t gfp_mask)
> * online due to hot plugins. Callers should check the mask for validity on
> * return based on its subsequent use.
> **/
> -void cpuset_nodes_allowed(struct cgroup *cgroup, nodemask_t *mask)
> +void cpuset_sysram_nodes_allowed(struct cgroup *cgroup, nodemask_t *mask)
> {
> struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
> struct cpuset *cs;
> @@ -4457,16 +4507,16 @@ void cpuset_nodes_allowed(struct cgroup *cgroup, nodemask_t *mask)
>
> /*
> * The reference taken via cgroup_get_e_css is sufficient to
> - * protect css, but it does not imply safe accesses to effective_mems.
> + * protect css, but it does not imply safe accesses to mems_sysram.
> *
> - * Normally, accessing effective_mems would require the cpuset_mutex
> + * Normally, accessing mems_sysram would require the cpuset_mutex
> * or callback_lock - but the correctness of this information is stale
> * immediately after the query anyway. We do not acquire the lock
> * during this process to save lock contention in exchange for racing
> * against mems_allowed rebinds.
> */
> cs = container_of(css, struct cpuset, css);
> - nodes_copy(*mask, cs->effective_mems);
> + nodes_copy(*mask, cs->mems_sysram);
> css_put(css);
> }
>
> diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
> index 7fbe9565cd06..2df7168edca0 100644
> --- a/mm/memcontrol.c
> +++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
> @@ -5610,7 +5610,7 @@ void mem_cgroup_node_filter_allowed(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, nodemask_t *mask)
> * in effective_mems and hot-unpluging of nodes, inaccurate allowed
> * mask is acceptable.
> */
> - cpuset_nodes_allowed(memcg->css.cgroup, &allowed);
> + cpuset_sysram_nodes_allowed(memcg->css.cgroup, &allowed);
> nodes_and(*mask, *mask, allowed);
> }
>
> diff --git a/mm/mempolicy.c b/mm/mempolicy.c
> index 76da50425712..760b5b6b4ae6 100644
> --- a/mm/mempolicy.c
> +++ b/mm/mempolicy.c
> @@ -1901,14 +1901,14 @@ static int kernel_migrate_pages(pid_t pid, unsigned long maxnode,
> }
> rcu_read_unlock();
>
> - task_nodes = cpuset_mems_allowed(task);
> + task_nodes = cpuset_sysram_nodemask(task);
> /* Is the user allowed to access the target nodes? */
> if (!nodes_subset(*new, task_nodes) && !capable(CAP_SYS_NICE)) {
> err = -EPERM;
> goto out_put;
> }
>
> - task_nodes = cpuset_mems_allowed(current);
> + task_nodes = cpuset_sysram_nodemask(current);
> nodes_and(*new, *new, task_nodes);
> if (nodes_empty(*new))
> goto out_put;
> @@ -2833,7 +2833,7 @@ struct mempolicy *__mpol_dup(struct mempolicy *old)
> *new = *old;
>
> if (current_cpuset_is_being_rebound()) {
> - nodemask_t mems = cpuset_mems_allowed(current);
> + nodemask_t mems = cpuset_sysram_nodemask(current);
> mpol_rebind_policy(new, &mems);
> }
> atomic_set(&new->refcnt, 1);
> diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c
> index 5169f9717f60..0ad893bf862b 100644
> --- a/mm/migrate.c
> +++ b/mm/migrate.c
> @@ -2534,7 +2534,7 @@ static struct mm_struct *find_mm_struct(pid_t pid, nodemask_t *mem_nodes)
> */
> if (!pid) {
> mmget(current->mm);
> - *mem_nodes = cpuset_mems_allowed(current);
> + *mem_nodes = cpuset_sysram_nodemask(current);
> return current->mm;
> }
>
> @@ -2555,7 +2555,7 @@ static struct mm_struct *find_mm_struct(pid_t pid, nodemask_t *mem_nodes)
> mm = ERR_PTR(security_task_movememory(task));
> if (IS_ERR(mm))
> goto out;
> - *mem_nodes = cpuset_mems_allowed(task);
> + *mem_nodes = cpuset_sysram_nodemask(task);
> mm = get_task_mm(task);
> out:
> put_task_struct(task);
> --
> 2.52.0
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