Message-ID: <22651aa1-5677-4d76-8850-49e6a348a257@linux.dev>
Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2026 15:48:09 +0100
From: Denis Benato <denis.benato@...ux.dev>
To: Antheas Kapenekakis <lkml@...heas.dev>
Cc: platform-driver-x86@...r.kernel.org, linux-input@...r.kernel.org,
 linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, Jiri Kosina <jikos@...nel.org>,
 Benjamin Tissoires <bentiss@...nel.org>,
 Corentin Chary <corentin.chary@...il.com>, "Luke D . Jones"
 <luke@...nes.dev>, Hans de Goede <hansg@...nel.org>,
 Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@...ux.intel.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v11 07/11] platform/x86: asus-wmi: Add support for
 multiple kbd led handlers


On 1/17/26 15:11, Antheas Kapenekakis wrote:
> On Sat, 17 Jan 2026 at 14:56, Denis Benato <denis.benato@...ux.dev> wrote:
>>
>> On 1/17/26 14:49, Antheas Kapenekakis wrote:
>>> On Sat, 17 Jan 2026 at 14:16, Denis Benato <denis.benato@...ux.dev> wrote:
>>>> On 1/16/26 14:31, Antheas Kapenekakis wrote:
>>>>> Some devices, such as the Z13 have multiple Aura devices connected
>>>>> to them by USB. In addition, they might have a WMI interface for
>>>>> RGB. In Windows, Armoury Crate exposes a unified brightness slider
>>>>> for all of them, with 3 brightness levels.
>>>>>
>>>>> Therefore, to be synergistic in Linux, and support existing tooling
>>>>> such as UPower, allow adding listeners to the RGB device of the WMI
>>>>> interface. If WMI does not exist, lazy initialize the interface.
>>>>>
>>>>> Since hid-asus and asus-wmi can both interact with the led objects
>>>>> including from an atomic context, protect the brightness access with a
>>>>> spinlock and update the values from a workqueue. Use this workqueue to
>>>>> also process WMI keyboard events, so they are handled asynchronously.
>>>>>
>>>>> Acked-by: Benjamin Tissoires <bentiss@...nel.org>
>>>>> Signed-off-by: Antheas Kapenekakis <lkml@...heas.dev>
>>>>> ---
>>>>>  drivers/platform/x86/asus-wmi.c            | 183 ++++++++++++++++++---
>>>>>  include/linux/platform_data/x86/asus-wmi.h |  15 ++
>>>>>  2 files changed, 173 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
>>>>>
>>>>> diff --git a/drivers/platform/x86/asus-wmi.c b/drivers/platform/x86/asus-wmi.c
>>>>> index 4aec7ec69250..df2365efb2b8 100644
>>>>> --- a/drivers/platform/x86/asus-wmi.c
>>>>> +++ b/drivers/platform/x86/asus-wmi.c
>>>>> @@ -31,13 +31,13 @@
>>>>>  #include <linux/pci.h>
>>>>>  #include <linux/pci_hotplug.h>
>>>>>  #include <linux/platform_data/x86/asus-wmi.h>
>>>>> -#include <linux/platform_data/x86/asus-wmi-leds-ids.h>
>>>>>  #include <linux/platform_device.h>
>>>>>  #include <linux/platform_profile.h>
>>>>>  #include <linux/power_supply.h>
>>>>>  #include <linux/rfkill.h>
>>>>>  #include <linux/seq_file.h>
>>>>>  #include <linux/slab.h>
>>>>> +#include <linux/spinlock.h>
>>>>>  #include <linux/types.h>
>>>>>  #include <linux/units.h>
>>>>>
>>>>> @@ -256,6 +256,9 @@ struct asus_wmi {
>>>>>       int tpd_led_wk;
>>>>>       struct led_classdev kbd_led;
>>>>>       int kbd_led_wk;
>>>>> +     bool kbd_led_notify;
>>>>> +     bool kbd_led_avail;
>>>>> +     bool kbd_led_registered;
>>>>>       struct led_classdev lightbar_led;
>>>>>       int lightbar_led_wk;
>>>>>       struct led_classdev micmute_led;
>>>>> @@ -264,6 +267,7 @@ struct asus_wmi {
>>>>>       struct work_struct tpd_led_work;
>>>>>       struct work_struct wlan_led_work;
>>>>>       struct work_struct lightbar_led_work;
>>>>> +     struct work_struct kbd_led_work;
>>>>>
>>>>>       struct asus_rfkill wlan;
>>>>>       struct asus_rfkill bluetooth;
>>>>> @@ -1615,6 +1619,106 @@ static void asus_wmi_battery_exit(struct asus_wmi *asus)
>>>>>
>>>>>  /* LEDs ***********************************************************************/
>>>>>
>>>>> +struct asus_hid_ref {
>>>>> +     struct list_head listeners;
>>>>> +     struct asus_wmi *asus;
>>>>> +     /* Protects concurrent access from hid-asus and asus-wmi to leds */
>>>>> +     spinlock_t lock;
>>>>> +};
>>>>> +
>>>>> +static struct asus_hid_ref asus_ref = {
>>>>> +     .listeners = LIST_HEAD_INIT(asus_ref.listeners),
>>>>> +     .asus = NULL,
>>>>> +     /*
>>>>> +      * Protects .asus, .asus.kbd_led_{wk,notify}, and .listener refs. Other
>>>>> +      * asus variables are read-only after .asus is set.
>>>>> +      *
>>>>> +      * The led cdev device is not protected because it calls backlight_get
>>>>> +      * during initialization, which would result in a nested lock attempt.
>>>>> +      *
>>>>> +      * The led cdev is safe to access without a lock because if
>>>>> +      * kbd_led_avail is true it is initialized before .asus is set and never
>>>>> +      * changed until .asus is dropped. If kbd_led_avail is false, the led
>>>>> +      * cdev is registered by the workqueue, which is single-threaded and
>>>>> +      * cancelled before asus-wmi would access the led cdev to unregister it.
>>>>> +      *
>>>>> +      * A spinlock is used, because the protected variables can be accessed
>>>>> +      * from an IRQ context from asus-hid.
>>>>> +      */
>>>>> +     .lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(asus_ref.lock),
>>>>> +};
>>>>> +
>>>>> +/*
>>>>> + * Allows registering hid-asus listeners that want to be notified of
>>>>> + * keyboard backlight changes.
>>>>> + */
>>>>> +int asus_hid_register_listener(struct asus_hid_listener *bdev)
>>>>> +{
>>>>> +     struct asus_wmi *asus;
>>>>> +
>>>>> +     guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&asus_ref.lock);
>>>>> +     list_add_tail(&bdev->list, &asus_ref.listeners);
>>>>> +     asus = asus_ref.asus;
>>>>> +     if (asus)
>>>>> +             queue_work(asus->led_workqueue, &asus->kbd_led_work);
>>>>> +     return 0;
>>>>> +}
>>>>> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(asus_hid_register_listener);
>>>>> +
>>>>> +/*
>>>>> + * Allows unregistering hid-asus listeners that were added with
>>>>> + * asus_hid_register_listener().
>>>>> + */
>>>>> +void asus_hid_unregister_listener(struct asus_hid_listener *bdev)
>>>>> +{
>>>>> +     guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&asus_ref.lock);
>>>>> +     list_del(&bdev->list);
>>>>> +}
>>>>> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(asus_hid_unregister_listener);
>>>>> +
>>>>> +static void do_kbd_led_set(struct led_classdev *led_cdev, int value);
>>>>> +
>>>>> +static void kbd_led_update_all(struct work_struct *work)
>>>>> +{
>>>>> +     struct asus_wmi *asus;
>>>>> +     bool registered, notify;
>>>>> +     int ret, value;
>>>>> +
>>>>> +     asus = container_of(work, struct asus_wmi, kbd_led_work);
>>>>> +
>>>>> +     scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &asus_ref.lock) {
>>>>> +             registered = asus->kbd_led_registered;
>>>>> +             value = asus->kbd_led_wk;
>>>>> +             notify = asus->kbd_led_notify;
>>>>> +     }
>>>>> +
>>>>> +     if (!registered) {
>>>>> +             /*
>>>>> +              * This workqueue runs under asus-wmi, which means probe has
>>>>> +              * completed and asus-wmi will keep running until it finishes.
>>>>> +              * Therefore, we can safely register the LED without holding
>>>>> +              * a spinlock.
>>>>> +              */
>>>>> +             ret = devm_led_classdev_register(&asus->platform_device->dev,
>>>>> +                                              &asus->kbd_led);
>>>>> +             if (!ret) {
>>>>> +                     scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &asus_ref.lock)
>>>>> +                             asus->kbd_led_registered = true;
>>>>> +             } else {
>>>>> +                     pr_warn("Failed to register keyboard backlight LED: %d\n", ret);
>>>>> +                     return;
>>>>> +             }
>>>>> +     }
>>>>> +
>>>>> +     if (value >= 0)
>>>>> +             do_kbd_led_set(&asus->kbd_led, value);
>>>>> +     if (notify) {
>>>>> +             scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &asus_ref.lock)
>>>>> +                     asus->kbd_led_notify = false;
>>>>> +             led_classdev_notify_brightness_hw_changed(&asus->kbd_led, value);
>>>>> +     }
>>>>> +}
>>>>> +
>>>>>  /*
>>>>>   * These functions actually update the LED's, and are called from a
>>>>>   * workqueue. By doing this as separate work rather than when the LED
>>>>> @@ -1661,7 +1765,8 @@ static void kbd_led_update(struct asus_wmi *asus)
>>>>>  {
>>>>>       int ctrl_param = 0;
>>>>>
>>>>> -     ctrl_param = 0x80 | (asus->kbd_led_wk & 0x7F);
>>>>> +     scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &asus_ref.lock)
>>>>> +             ctrl_param = 0x80 | (asus->kbd_led_wk & 0x7F);
>>>>>       asus_wmi_set_devstate(ASUS_WMI_DEVID_KBD_BACKLIGHT, ctrl_param, NULL);
>>>>>  }
>>>>>
>>>>> @@ -1694,14 +1799,23 @@ static int kbd_led_read(struct asus_wmi *asus, int *level, int *env)
>>>>>
>>>>>  static void do_kbd_led_set(struct led_classdev *led_cdev, int value)
>>>>>  {
>>>>> +     struct asus_hid_listener *listener;
>>>>>       struct asus_wmi *asus;
>>>>>       int max_level;
>>>>>
>>>>>       asus = container_of(led_cdev, struct asus_wmi, kbd_led);
>>>>>       max_level = asus->kbd_led.max_brightness;
>>>>>
>>>>> -     asus->kbd_led_wk = clamp_val(value, 0, max_level);
>>>>> -     kbd_led_update(asus);
>>>>> +     scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &asus_ref.lock)
>>>>> +             asus->kbd_led_wk = clamp_val(value, 0, max_level);
>>>>> +
>>>>> +     if (asus->kbd_led_avail)
>>>>> +             kbd_led_update(asus);
>>>>> +
>>>>> +     scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &asus_ref.lock) {
>>>>> +             list_for_each_entry(listener, &asus_ref.listeners, list)
>>>>> +                     listener->brightness_set(listener, asus->kbd_led_wk);
>>>>> +     }
>>>>>  }
>>>>>
>>>>>  static int kbd_led_set(struct led_classdev *led_cdev, enum led_brightness value)
>>>>> @@ -1716,10 +1830,11 @@ static int kbd_led_set(struct led_classdev *led_cdev, enum led_brightness value)
>>>>>
>>>>>  static void kbd_led_set_by_kbd(struct asus_wmi *asus, enum led_brightness value)
>>>>>  {
>>>>> -     struct led_classdev *led_cdev = &asus->kbd_led;
>>>>> -
>>>>> -     do_kbd_led_set(led_cdev, value);
>>>>> -     led_classdev_notify_brightness_hw_changed(led_cdev, asus->kbd_led_wk);
>>>>> +     scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &asus_ref.lock) {
>>>>> +             asus->kbd_led_wk = value;
>>>>> +             asus->kbd_led_notify = true;
>>>>> +     }
>>>>> +     queue_work(asus->led_workqueue, &asus->kbd_led_work);
>>>>>  }
>>>>>
>>>>>  static enum led_brightness kbd_led_get(struct led_classdev *led_cdev)
>>>>> @@ -1729,10 +1844,18 @@ static enum led_brightness kbd_led_get(struct led_classdev *led_cdev)
>>>>>
>>>>>       asus = container_of(led_cdev, struct asus_wmi, kbd_led);
>>>>>
>>>>> +     scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &asus_ref.lock) {
>>>>> +             if (!asus->kbd_led_avail)
>>>>> +                     return asus->kbd_led_wk;
>>>>> +     }
>>>>> +
>>>>>       retval = kbd_led_read(asus, &value, NULL);
>>>>>       if (retval < 0)
>>>>>               return retval;
>>>>>
>>>>> +     scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &asus_ref.lock)
>>>>> +             asus->kbd_led_wk = value;
>>>>> +
>>>>>       return value;
>>>>>  }
>>>>>
>>>>> @@ -1844,7 +1967,9 @@ static int camera_led_set(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
>>>>>
>>>>>  static void asus_wmi_led_exit(struct asus_wmi *asus)
>>>>>  {
>>>>> -     led_classdev_unregister(&asus->kbd_led);
>>>>> +     scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &asus_ref.lock)
>>>>> +             asus_ref.asus = NULL;
>>>>> +
>>>>>       led_classdev_unregister(&asus->tpd_led);
>>>>>       led_classdev_unregister(&asus->wlan_led);
>>>>>       led_classdev_unregister(&asus->lightbar_led);
>>>>> @@ -1882,22 +2007,26 @@ static int asus_wmi_led_init(struct asus_wmi *asus)
>>>>>                       goto error;
>>>>>       }
>>>>>
>>>>> -     if (!kbd_led_read(asus, &led_val, NULL) && !dmi_check_system(asus_use_hid_led_dmi_ids)) {
>>>>> -             pr_info("using asus-wmi for asus::kbd_backlight\n");
>>>>> -             asus->kbd_led_wk = led_val;
>>>>> -             asus->kbd_led.name = "asus::kbd_backlight";
>>>>> -             asus->kbd_led.flags = LED_BRIGHT_HW_CHANGED;
>>>>> -             asus->kbd_led.brightness_set_blocking = kbd_led_set;
>>>>> -             asus->kbd_led.brightness_get = kbd_led_get;
>>>>> -             asus->kbd_led.max_brightness = 3;
>>>>> +     asus->kbd_led.name = "asus::kbd_backlight";
>>>>> +     asus->kbd_led.flags = LED_BRIGHT_HW_CHANGED;
>>>>> +     asus->kbd_led.brightness_set_blocking = kbd_led_set;
>>>>> +     asus->kbd_led.brightness_get = kbd_led_get;
>>>>> +     asus->kbd_led.max_brightness = 3;
>>>>> +     asus->kbd_led_avail = !kbd_led_read(asus, &led_val, NULL);
>>>>> +     INIT_WORK(&asus->kbd_led_work, kbd_led_update_all);
>>>>>
>>>>> +     if (asus->kbd_led_avail) {
>>>>> +             asus->kbd_led_wk = led_val;
>>>>>               if (num_rgb_groups != 0)
>>>>>                       asus->kbd_led.groups = kbd_rgb_mode_groups;
>>>>> +     } else {
>>>>> +             asus->kbd_led_wk = -1;
>>>>> +     }
>>>>>
>>>>> -             rv = led_classdev_register(&asus->platform_device->dev,
>>>>> -                                        &asus->kbd_led);
>>>>> -             if (rv)
>>>>> -                     goto error;
>>>>> +     scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &asus_ref.lock) {
>>>>> +             asus_ref.asus = asus;
>>>>> +             if (asus->kbd_led_avail || !list_empty(&asus_ref.listeners))
>>>>> +                     queue_work(asus->led_workqueue, &asus->kbd_led_work);
>>>>>       }
>>>>>
>>>>>       if (asus_wmi_dev_is_present(asus, ASUS_WMI_DEVID_WIRELESS_LED)
>>>>> @@ -4372,6 +4501,7 @@ static int asus_wmi_get_event_code(union acpi_object *obj)
>>>>>
>>>>>  static void asus_wmi_handle_event_code(int code, struct asus_wmi *asus)
>>>>>  {
>>>>> +     enum led_brightness led_value;
>>>>>       unsigned int key_value = 1;
>>>>>       bool autorelease = 1;
>>>>>
>>>>> @@ -4388,19 +4518,22 @@ static void asus_wmi_handle_event_code(int code, struct asus_wmi *asus)
>>>>>               return;
>>>>>       }
>>>>>
>>>>> +     scoped_guard(spinlock_irqsave, &asus_ref.lock)
>>>>> +             led_value = asus->kbd_led_wk;
>>>>> +
>>>>>       if (code == NOTIFY_KBD_BRTUP) {
>>>>> -             kbd_led_set_by_kbd(asus, asus->kbd_led_wk + 1);
>>>>> +             kbd_led_set_by_kbd(asus, led_value + 1);
>>>>>               return;
>>>>>       }
>>>>>       if (code == NOTIFY_KBD_BRTDWN) {
>>>>> -             kbd_led_set_by_kbd(asus, asus->kbd_led_wk - 1);
>>>>> +             kbd_led_set_by_kbd(asus, led_value - 1);
>>>>>               return;
>>>>>       }
>>>>>       if (code == NOTIFY_KBD_BRTTOGGLE) {
>>>>> -             if (asus->kbd_led_wk == asus->kbd_led.max_brightness)
>>>>> +             if (led_value == asus->kbd_led.max_brightness)
>>>>>                       kbd_led_set_by_kbd(asus, 0);
>>>> This is the toggle leds button, right? I would expect that pressing the toggle
>>>> button turns off leds if they are on and turns them on if they are off.
>>>>
>>>> so if (led_value > 0) { .... }.
>>>>
>>>> I see the previous code was equivalent to yours but is that what we want?
>>> It is common to do 0->1->2->3->0 for the toggle. This is what is
>>> currently done for WMI Asus keyboards and e.g., Thinkpads. This patch
>>> unifies the behavior for USB keyboards too.
>>>
>>> I would argue it is better, as you do not need to reach for a
>>> userspace slider to set a lower brightness.
>>>
>>> The current behavior of KDE is 0->3->0 and if the event goes to
>>> userspace this is what happens currently. Unless the keyboard
>>> reconnects, where brightness just stops working afterwards because
>>> upower only probes at boot (I have a follow patch to fix this for
>>> Duos).
>> Whatever goes for me if hid and wmi handles them the same,
>> especially if userspace does the same thing.
>>
>> In 11/11 you do:
>>
>> caseASUS_EV_BRTTOGGLE:
>> if(brightness >=ASUS_EV_MAX_BRIGHTNESS)
>> brightness =0;
>> else
>> brightness +=1;
>> break;
>> }
>>
>> So perhaps here you should do
>>
>> if (led_value >= asus->kbd_led.max_brightness)
>>
>>
>> purely for consistency?
> If I reroll the series I will do it, otherwise you can do a followup
The current version is functionally okay.

I would only change the name of _LEGACY and see this series merged.

Or I can do it after it has been merged together with this change,
whatever maintainers think it's best.
> Antheas
>
>>> Antheas
>>>
>>>>>               else
>>>>> -                     kbd_led_set_by_kbd(asus, asus->kbd_led_wk + 1);
>>>>> +                     kbd_led_set_by_kbd(asus, led_value + 1);
>>>>>               return;
>>>>>       }
>>>>>
>>>>> diff --git a/include/linux/platform_data/x86/asus-wmi.h b/include/linux/platform_data/x86/asus-wmi.h
>>>>> index 419491d4abca..d347cffd05d5 100644
>>>>> --- a/include/linux/platform_data/x86/asus-wmi.h
>>>>> +++ b/include/linux/platform_data/x86/asus-wmi.h
>>>>> @@ -172,12 +172,20 @@ enum asus_ally_mcu_hack {
>>>>>       ASUS_WMI_ALLY_MCU_HACK_DISABLED,
>>>>>  };
>>>>>
>>>>> +/* Used to notify hid-asus when asus-wmi changes keyboard backlight */
>>>>> +struct asus_hid_listener {
>>>>> +     struct list_head list;
>>>>> +     void (*brightness_set)(struct asus_hid_listener *listener, int brightness);
>>>>> +};
>>>>> +
>>>>>  #if IS_REACHABLE(CONFIG_ASUS_WMI)
>>>>>  void set_ally_mcu_hack(enum asus_ally_mcu_hack status);
>>>>>  void set_ally_mcu_powersave(bool enabled);
>>>>>  int asus_wmi_get_devstate_dsts(u32 dev_id, u32 *retval);
>>>>>  int asus_wmi_set_devstate(u32 dev_id, u32 ctrl_param, u32 *retval);
>>>>>  int asus_wmi_evaluate_method(u32 method_id, u32 arg0, u32 arg1, u32 *retval);
>>>>> +int asus_hid_register_listener(struct asus_hid_listener *cdev);
>>>>> +void asus_hid_unregister_listener(struct asus_hid_listener *cdev);
>>>>>  #else
>>>>>  static inline void set_ally_mcu_hack(enum asus_ally_mcu_hack status)
>>>>>  {
>>>>> @@ -198,6 +206,13 @@ static inline int asus_wmi_evaluate_method(u32 method_id, u32 arg0, u32 arg1,
>>>>>  {
>>>>>       return -ENODEV;
>>>>>  }
>>>>> +static inline int asus_hid_register_listener(struct asus_hid_listener *bdev)
>>>>> +{
>>>>> +     return -ENODEV;
>>>>> +}
>>>>> +static inline void asus_hid_unregister_listener(struct asus_hid_listener *bdev)
>>>>> +{
>>>>> +}
>>>>>  #endif
>>>>>
>>>>>  #endif       /* __PLATFORM_DATA_X86_ASUS_WMI_H */

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