Message-Id: <E3CBBAB1-4EED-4052-B9DC-AAEB58D67265@collabora.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 2026 22:52:31 -0300
From: Daniel Almeida <daniel.almeida@...labora.com>
To: Lyude Paul <lyude@...hat.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
 dri-devel@...ts.freedesktop.org,
 rust-for-linux@...r.kernel.org,
 Danilo Krummrich <dakr@...nel.org>,
 nouveau@...ts.freedesktop.org,
 Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@...nel.org>,
 Simona Vetter <simona@...ll.ch>,
 Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@...gle.com>,
 Shankari Anand <shankari.ak0208@...il.com>,
 David Airlie <airlied@...il.com>,
 Benno Lossin <lossin@...nel.org>,
 Asahi Lina <lina+kernel@...hilina.net>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3 2/3] rust/drm: Don't setup private driver data until
 registration

Hi Lyude,

> On 22 Jan 2026, at 19:46, Lyude Paul <lyude@...hat.com> wrote:
> 
> Now that we have a DeviceContext that we can use to represent whether a
> Device is known to have been registered, we can make it so that drivers can
> create their Devices but wait until the registration phase to assign their
> private data to the Device. This is desirable as some drivers need to make
> use of the DRM device early on before finalizing their private driver data.
> 
> As such, this change makes it so that the driver's private data can
> currently only be accessed through Device<T, Registered> types and not
> Device<T, Uninit>.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Lyude Paul <lyude@...hat.com>
> ---
> drivers/gpu/drm/nova/driver.rs |  4 +--
> drivers/gpu/drm/tyr/driver.rs  |  4 +--
> rust/kernel/drm/device.rs      | 63 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------
> rust/kernel/drm/driver.rs      | 19 ++++++++--
> 4 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/nova/driver.rs b/drivers/gpu/drm/nova/driver.rs
> index 99d6841b69cbc..8cea5f68c3b04 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/nova/driver.rs
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/nova/driver.rs
> @@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ impl auxiliary::Driver for NovaDriver {
>     fn probe(adev: &auxiliary::Device<Core>, _info: &Self::IdInfo) -> impl PinInit<Self, Error> {
>         let data = try_pin_init!(NovaData { adev: adev.into() });
> 
> -        let drm = drm::UnregisteredDevice::<Self>::new(adev.as_ref(), data)?;
> -        let drm = drm::Registration::new_foreign_owned(drm, adev.as_ref(), 0)?;
> +        let drm = drm::UnregisteredDevice::<Self>::new(adev.as_ref())?;
> +        let drm = drm::Registration::new_foreign_owned(drm, adev.as_ref(), data, 0)?;
> 
>         Ok(Self { drm: drm.into() })
>     }
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/tyr/driver.rs b/drivers/gpu/drm/tyr/driver.rs
> index ac265a60f5667..e73c56659ea75 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/tyr/driver.rs
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/tyr/driver.rs
> @@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ fn probe(
>                 gpu_info,
>         });
> 
> -        let tdev = drm::UnregisteredDevice::<Self>::new(pdev.as_ref(), data)?;
> -        let tdev = drm::driver::Registration::new_foreign_owned(tdev, pdev.as_ref(), 0)?;
> +        let tdev = drm::UnregisteredDevice::<Self>::new(pdev.as_ref())?;
> +        let tdev = drm::driver::Registration::new_foreign_owned(tdev, pdev.as_ref(), data, 0)?;
> 
>         let driver = TyrDriver {
>             device: tdev.into(),
> diff --git a/rust/kernel/drm/device.rs b/rust/kernel/drm/device.rs
> index f529bc7fc4032..0e81957cf8c28 100644
> --- a/rust/kernel/drm/device.rs
> +++ b/rust/kernel/drm/device.rs
> @@ -26,13 +26,15 @@
> };
> use core::{
>     alloc::Layout,
> +    cell::UnsafeCell,
>     marker::PhantomData,
> -    mem,
> -    ops::Deref,
> -    ptr::{
> +    mem::{
>         self,
> -        NonNull, //
> +        MaybeUninit, //
>     },
> +    ops::Deref,
> +    ptr::NonNull,
> +    sync::atomic::*,
> };
> 
> #[cfg(CONFIG_DRM_LEGACY)]
> @@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ impl DeviceContext for Uninit {}
> ///
> /// The device in `self.0` is guaranteed to be a newly created [`Device`] that has not yet been
> /// registered with userspace until this type is dropped.
> -pub struct UnregisteredDevice<T: drm::Driver>(ARef<Device<T, Uninit>>, NotThreadSafe);
> +pub struct UnregisteredDevice<T: drm::Driver>(pub(crate) ARef<Device<T, Uninit>>, NotThreadSafe);
> 
> impl<T: drm::Driver> Deref for UnregisteredDevice<T> {
>     type Target = Device<T, Uninit>;
> @@ -188,7 +190,7 @@ impl<T: drm::Driver> UnregisteredDevice<T> {
>     /// Create a new `UnregisteredDevice` for a `drm::Driver`.
>     ///
>     /// This can be used to create a [`Registration`](kernel::drm::Registration).
> -    pub fn new(dev: &device::Device, data: impl PinInit<T::Data, Error>) -> Result<Self> {
> +    pub fn new(dev: &device::Device) -> Result<Self> {
>         // `__drm_dev_alloc` uses `kmalloc()` to allocate memory, hence ensure a `kmalloc()`
>         // compatible `Layout`.
>         let layout = Kmalloc::aligned_layout(Layout::new::<Self>());
> @@ -207,22 +209,6 @@ pub fn new(dev: &device::Device, data: impl PinInit<T::Data, Error>) -> Result<S
>         .cast();
>         let raw_drm = NonNull::new(from_err_ptr(raw_drm)?).ok_or(ENOMEM)?;
> 
> -        // SAFETY: `raw_drm` is a valid pointer to `Self`.
> -        let raw_data = unsafe { ptr::addr_of_mut!((*raw_drm.as_ptr()).data) };
> -
> -        // SAFETY:
> -        // - `raw_data` is a valid pointer to uninitialized memory.
> -        // - `raw_data` will not move until it is dropped.
> -        unsafe { data.__pinned_init(raw_data) }.inspect_err(|_| {
> -            // SAFETY: `raw_drm` is a valid pointer to `Self`, given that `__drm_dev_alloc` was
> -            // successful.
> -            let drm_dev = unsafe { Device::into_drm_device(raw_drm) };
> -
> -            // SAFETY: `__drm_dev_alloc()` was successful, hence `drm_dev` must be valid and the
> -            // refcount must be non-zero.
> -            unsafe { bindings::drm_dev_put(drm_dev) };
> -        })?;
> -
>         // SAFETY: The reference count is one, and now we take ownership of that reference as a
>         // `drm::Device`.
>         // INVARIANT: We just created the device above, but have yet to call `drm_dev_register`.
> @@ -254,7 +240,15 @@ pub fn new(dev: &device::Device, data: impl PinInit<T::Data, Error>) -> Result<S
> #[repr(C)]
> pub struct Device<T: drm::Driver, C: DeviceContext = Registered> {
>     dev: Opaque<bindings::drm_device>,
> -    data: T::Data,
> +
> +    /// Keeps track of whether we've initialized the device data yet.
> +    pub(crate) data_is_init: AtomicBool,

Why don’t we make the data a member of the Registered context?

> +
> +    /// The Driver's private data.
> +    ///
> +    /// This must only be written to from [`drm::Registration::new`].
> +    pub(crate) data: UnsafeCell<MaybeUninit<T::Data>>,
> +
>     _ctx: PhantomData<C>,
> }
> 
> @@ -305,6 +299,21 @@ extern "C" fn release(ptr: *mut bindings::drm_device) {
>         // SAFETY: `ptr` is a valid pointer to a `struct drm_device` and embedded in `Self`.
>         let this = unsafe { Self::from_drm_device(ptr) };
> 
> +        {
> +            // SAFETY:
> +            // - Since we are in release(), we are guaranteed that no one else has access to `this`.
> +            // - We confirmed above that `this` is a valid pointer to an initialized `Self`.
> +            let this = unsafe { &mut *this };
> +            if this.data_is_init.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
> +                // SAFETY:
> +                // - Since we are in release(), we are guaranteed that no one else has access to
> +                //   `this`.
> +                // - We checked that the data is initialized above.
> +                // - We do not use `data` any point after calling this function.
> +                unsafe { (&mut *this.data.get()).assume_init_drop() };
> +            }
> +        }
> +
>         // SAFETY:
>         // - When `release` runs it is guaranteed that there is no further access to `this`.
>         // - `this` is valid for dropping.
> @@ -323,11 +332,15 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn assume_ctx<NewCtx: DeviceContext>(&self) -> &Device<T, NewC
>     }
> }
> 
> -impl<T: drm::Driver, C: DeviceContext> Deref for Device<T, C> {
> +impl<T: drm::Driver> Deref for Device<T, Registered> {
>     type Target = T::Data;
> 
>     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
> -        &self.data
> +        // SAFETY:
> +        // - `data` is initialized before any `Device`s with the `Registered` context are available
> +        //   to the user.
> +        // - `data` is only written to once in `Registration::new()`, so this read will never race.
> +        unsafe { (&*self.data.get()).assume_init_ref() }
>     }
> }
> 
> diff --git a/rust/kernel/drm/driver.rs b/rust/kernel/drm/driver.rs
> index da9f1bfef1f14..a16605b407159 100644
> --- a/rust/kernel/drm/driver.rs
> +++ b/rust/kernel/drm/driver.rs
> @@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
> };
> use core::{
>     mem,
> -    ptr::NonNull, //
> +    ptr::NonNull,
> +    sync::atomic::*, //
> };
> 
> /// Driver use the GEM memory manager. This should be set for all modern drivers.
> @@ -127,7 +128,18 @@ pub trait Driver {
> pub struct Registration<T: Driver>(ARef<drm::Device<T>>);
> 
> impl<T: Driver> Registration<T> {
> -    fn new(drm: drm::UnregisteredDevice<T>, flags: usize) -> Result<Self> {
> +    fn new(
> +        drm: drm::UnregisteredDevice<T>,
> +        data: impl PinInit<T::Data, Error>,
> +        flags: usize,
> +    ) -> Result<Self> {

IIUC this consumes UnregisteredDevice and returns 

Registration<T: Driver>(ARef<drm::Device<T>>);

i.e.:

Registration<T: Driver>(ARef<drm::Device<T, C = Registered>>);

Again, the Registered typestate seems like the perfect place to store T::Data.


> +        // SAFETY:
> +        // - `raw_data` is a valid pointer to uninitialized memory.
> +        // - `raw_data` will not move until it is dropped.
> +        unsafe { data.__pinned_init(drm.0.data.get().cast()) }?;
> +
> +        drm.data_is_init.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
> +
>         // SAFETY: `drm.as_raw()` is valid by the invariants of `drm::Device`.
>         to_result(unsafe { bindings::drm_dev_register(drm.as_raw(), flags) })?;
> 
> @@ -150,6 +162,7 @@ fn new(drm: drm::UnregisteredDevice<T>, flags: usize) -> Result<Self> {
>     pub fn new_foreign_owned<'a>(
>         drm: drm::UnregisteredDevice<T>,
>         dev: &'a device::Device<device::Bound>,
> +        data: impl PinInit<T::Data, Error>,
>         flags: usize,
>     ) -> Result<&'a drm::Device<T>>
>     where
> @@ -160,7 +173,7 @@ pub fn new_foreign_owned<'a>(
>             return Err(EINVAL);
>         }
> 
> -        let reg = Registration::<T>::new(drm, flags)?;
> +        let reg = Registration::<T>::new(drm, data, flags)?;
>         let drm = NonNull::from(reg.device());
> 
>         devres::register(dev, reg, GFP_KERNEL)?;
> -- 
> 2.52.0
> 

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