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Message-ID: <SJ2PR11MB847268ABD6F084E87CC5F5A4C99DA@SJ2PR11MB8472.namprd11.prod.outlook.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Feb 2026 02:53:18 +0000
From: "Sridhar, Kanchana P" <kanchana.p.sridhar@...el.com>
To: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@...il.com>
CC: "linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	"linux-mm@...ck.org" <linux-mm@...ck.org>, "hannes@...xchg.org"
	<hannes@...xchg.org>, "yosry.ahmed@...ux.dev" <yosry.ahmed@...ux.dev>,
	"chengming.zhou@...ux.dev" <chengming.zhou@...ux.dev>,
	"usamaarif642@...il.com" <usamaarif642@...il.com>, "ryan.roberts@....com"
	<ryan.roberts@....com>, "21cnbao@...il.com" <21cnbao@...il.com>,
	"ying.huang@...ux.alibaba.com" <ying.huang@...ux.alibaba.com>,
	"akpm@...ux-foundation.org" <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
	"senozhatsky@...omium.org" <senozhatsky@...omium.org>, "sj@...nel.org"
	<sj@...nel.org>, "kasong@...cent.com" <kasong@...cent.com>,
	"linux-crypto@...r.kernel.org" <linux-crypto@...r.kernel.org>,
	"herbert@...dor.apana.org.au" <herbert@...dor.apana.org.au>,
	"davem@...emloft.net" <davem@...emloft.net>, "clabbe@...libre.com"
	<clabbe@...libre.com>, "ardb@...nel.org" <ardb@...nel.org>,
	"ebiggers@...gle.com" <ebiggers@...gle.com>, "surenb@...gle.com"
	<surenb@...gle.com>, "Accardi, Kristen C" <kristen.c.accardi@...el.com>,
	"Gomes, Vinicius" <vinicius.gomes@...el.com>, "Cabiddu, Giovanni"
	<giovanni.cabiddu@...el.com>, "Feghali, Wajdi K" <wajdi.k.feghali@...el.com>,
	"Sridhar, Kanchana P" <kanchana.p.sridhar@...el.com>
Subject: RE: [PATCH v14 26/26] mm: zswap: Batched zswap_compress() for
 compress batching of large folios.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@...il.com>
> Sent: Saturday, January 31, 2026 4:49 PM
> To: Sridhar, Kanchana P <kanchana.p.sridhar@...el.com>
> Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org; linux-mm@...ck.org;
> hannes@...xchg.org; yosry.ahmed@...ux.dev; chengming.zhou@...ux.dev;
> usamaarif642@...il.com; ryan.roberts@....com; 21cnbao@...il.com;
> ying.huang@...ux.alibaba.com; akpm@...ux-foundation.org;
> senozhatsky@...omium.org; sj@...nel.org; kasong@...cent.com; linux-
> crypto@...r.kernel.org; herbert@...dor.apana.org.au;
> davem@...emloft.net; clabbe@...libre.com; ardb@...nel.org;
> ebiggers@...gle.com; surenb@...gle.com; Accardi, Kristen C
> <kristen.c.accardi@...el.com>; Gomes, Vinicius <vinicius.gomes@...el.com>;
> Cabiddu, Giovanni <giovanni.cabiddu@...el.com>; Feghali, Wajdi K
> <wajdi.k.feghali@...el.com>
> Subject: Re: [PATCH v14 26/26] mm: zswap: Batched zswap_compress() for
> compress batching of large folios.
> 
> On Sat, Jan 31, 2026 at 12:32 PM Sridhar, Kanchana P
> <kanchana.p.sridhar@...el.com> wrote:
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@...il.com>
> > > Sent: Friday, January 30, 2026 5:13 PM
> > > To: Sridhar, Kanchana P <kanchana.p.sridhar@...el.com>
> > > Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org; linux-mm@...ck.org;
> > > hannes@...xchg.org; yosry.ahmed@...ux.dev;
> chengming.zhou@...ux.dev;
> > > usamaarif642@...il.com; ryan.roberts@....com; 21cnbao@...il.com;
> > > ying.huang@...ux.alibaba.com; akpm@...ux-foundation.org;
> > > senozhatsky@...omium.org; sj@...nel.org; kasong@...cent.com; linux-
> > > crypto@...r.kernel.org; herbert@...dor.apana.org.au;
> > > davem@...emloft.net; clabbe@...libre.com; ardb@...nel.org;
> > > ebiggers@...gle.com; surenb@...gle.com; Accardi, Kristen C
> > > <kristen.c.accardi@...el.com>; Gomes, Vinicius
> <vinicius.gomes@...el.com>;
> > > Cabiddu, Giovanni <giovanni.cabiddu@...el.com>; Feghali, Wajdi K
> > > <wajdi.k.feghali@...el.com>
> > > Subject: Re: [PATCH v14 26/26] mm: zswap: Batched zswap_compress()
> for
> > > compress batching of large folios.
> > >
> > > On Sat, Jan 24, 2026 at 7:36 PM Kanchana P Sridhar
> > > <kanchana.p.sridhar@...el.com> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > We introduce a new batching implementation of zswap_compress() for
> > > > compressors that do and do not support batching. This eliminates code
> > > > duplication and facilitates code maintainability with the introduction
> > > > of compress batching.
> > > >
> > > > The vectorized implementation of calling the earlier zswap_compress()
> > > > sequentially, one page at a time in zswap_store_pages(), is replaced
> > > > with this new version of zswap_compress() that accepts multiple pages
> to
> > > > compress as a batch.
> > > >
> > > > If the compressor does not support batching, each page in the batch is
> > > > compressed and stored sequentially. If the compressor supports
> batching,
> > > > for e.g., 'deflate-iaa', the Intel IAA hardware accelerator, the batch
> > > > is compressed in parallel in hardware.
> > > >
> > > > If the batch is compressed without errors, the compressed buffers for
> > > > the batch are stored in zsmalloc. In case of compression errors, the
> > > > current behavior based on whether the folio is enabled for zswap
> > > > writeback, is preserved.
> > > >
> > > > The batched zswap_compress() incorporates Herbert's suggestion for
> > > > SG lists to represent the batch's inputs/outputs to interface with the
> > > > crypto API [1].
> > > >
> > > > Performance data:
> > > > =================
> > > > As suggested by Barry, this is the performance data gathered on Intel
> > > > Sapphire Rapids with two workloads:
> > > >
> > > > 1) 30 usemem processes in a 150 GB memory limited cgroup, each
> > > >    allocates 10G, i.e, effectively running at 50% memory pressure.
> > > > 2) kernel_compilation "defconfig", 32 threads, cgroup memory limit set
> > > >    to 1.7 GiB (50% memory pressure, since baseline memory usage is 3.4
> > > >    GiB): data averaged across 10 runs.
> > > >
> > > > To keep comparisons simple, all testing was done without the
> > > > zswap shrinker.
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> ==============================================================
> > > ===========
> > > >   IAA                 mm-unstable-1-23-2026             v14
> > > >
> > >
> ==============================================================
> > > ===========
> > > >     zswap compressor            deflate-iaa     deflate-iaa   IAA Batching
> > > >                                                                   vs.
> > > >                                                             IAA Sequential
> > > >
> > >
> ==============================================================
> > > ===========
> > > >  usemem30, 64K folios:
> > > >
> > > >     Total throughput (KB/s)       6,226,967      10,551,714       69%
> > > >     Average throughput (KB/s)       207,565         351,723       69%
> > > >     elapsed time (sec)                99.19           67.45      -32%
> > > >     sys time (sec)                 2,356.19        1,580.47      -33%
> > > >
> > > >  usemem30, PMD folios:
> > > >
> > > >     Total throughput (KB/s)       6,347,201      11,315,500       78%
> > > >     Average throughput (KB/s)       211,573         377,183       78%
> > > >     elapsed time (sec)                88.14           63.37      -28%
> > > >     sys time (sec)                 2,025.53        1,455.23      -28%
> > > >
> > > >  kernel_compilation, 64K folios:
> > > >
> > > >     elapsed time (sec)               100.10           98.74     -1.4%
> > > >     sys time (sec)                   308.72          301.23       -2%
> > > >
> > > >  kernel_compilation, PMD folios:
> > > >
> > > >     elapsed time (sec)                95.29           93.44     -1.9%
> > > >     sys time (sec)                   346.21          344.48     -0.5%
> > > >
> > >
> ==============================================================
> > > ===========
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> ==============================================================
> > > ===========
> > > >   ZSTD                mm-unstable-1-23-2026             v14
> > > >
> > >
> ==============================================================
> > > ===========
> > > >     zswap compressor                   zstd            zstd     v14 ZSTD
> > > >                                                              Improvement
> > > >
> > >
> ==============================================================
> > > ===========
> > > >  usemem30, 64K folios:
> > > >
> > > >     Total throughput (KB/s)       6,032,326       6,047,448      0.3%
> > > >     Average throughput (KB/s)       201,077         201,581      0.3%
> > > >     elapsed time (sec)                97.52           95.33     -2.2%
> > > >     sys time (sec)                 2,415.40        2,328.38       -4%
> > > >
> > > >  usemem30, PMD folios:
> > > >
> > > >     Total throughput (KB/s)       6,570,404       6,623,962      0.8%
> > > >     Average throughput (KB/s)       219,013         220,798      0.8%
> > > >     elapsed time (sec)                89.17           88.25       -1%
> > > >     sys time (sec)                 2,126.69        2,043.08       -4%
> > > >
> > > >  kernel_compilation, 64K folios:
> > > >
> > > >     elapsed time (sec)               100.89           99.98     -0.9%
> > > >     sys time (sec)                   417.49          414.62     -0.7%
> > > >
> > > >  kernel_compilation, PMD folios:
> > > >
> > > >     elapsed time (sec)                98.26           97.38     -0.9%
> > > >     sys time (sec)                   487.14          473.16     -2.9%
> > > >
> > >
> ==============================================================
> > > ===========
> > >
> > > The rest of the patch changelog (architectural and future
> > > considerations)  can stay in the cover letter. Let's not duplicate
> > > information :)
> > >
> > > Keep the patch changelog limited to only the changes in the patch
> > > itself (unless we need some clarifications imminently relevant).
> >
> > Hi Nhat,
> >
> > Thanks for this comment. Yosry had also pointed this out in [1]. I have
> > been including the architectural and future considerations in this change log
> > since Andrew had asked me to do so. I hope this is Ok?
> 
> Ah hmmmmm. For some reasons I was under the assumption that usually
> Andrew would concatenate the patch cover letter and the patch
> changelog before merging. Oh well.
> 
> If Andrew prefers including that here then I'm fine with it.

Ok, thank you Nhat!

Best regards,
Kanchana

> 
> >
> > [1]: https://patchwork.kernel.org/comment/26706240/
> >
> > >
> > > I'll review the remainder of the patch later :)
> >
> > Sure.
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Kanchana

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