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Message-ID: <1770107244.8746088-1-xuanzhuo@linux.alibaba.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Feb 2026 16:27:24 +0800
From: Xuan Zhuo <xuanzhuo@...ux.alibaba.com>
To: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@....com>
Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@...zon.com>,
Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@....com>,
Jason Wang <jasowang@...hat.com>,
Eugenio Pérez <eperezma@...hat.com>,
virtualization@...ts.linux.dev (open list:VIRTIO CORE),
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org (open list),
"Michael S . Tsirkin" <mst@...hat.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3] virtio_ring: Add READ_ONCE annotations for device-writable fields
On Sat, 31 Jan 2026 11:28:09 +0100, Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@....com> wrote:
> From: Alexander Graf <graf@...zon.com>
>
> KCSAN reports data races when accessing virtio ring fields that are
> concurrently written by the device (host). These are legitimate
> concurrent accesses where the CPU reads fields that the device updates
> via DMA-like mechanisms.
>
> Add accessor functions that use READ_ONCE() to properly annotate these
> device-writable fields and prevent compiler optimizations that could in
> theory break the code. This also serves as documentation showing which
> fields are shared with the device.
>
> The affected fields are:
> - Split ring: used->idx, used->ring[].id, used->ring[].len
> - Packed ring: desc[].flags, desc[].id, desc[].len
>
> This patch was partially written using the help of Kiro, an
> AI coding assistant, to automate the mechanical work of generating the
> inline function definition.
>
> Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <graf@...zon.com>
> [jth: Add READ_ONCE in virtqueue_kick_prepare_split ]
> Co-developed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@....com>
> Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@....com>
> Reviewed-by: Alexander Graf <graf@...zon.com>
> ---
> Changes to v2:
> - Add AI statement (agraf)
> - Add R-b from agraf
> - Update comment (mst)
> - Add split to function names handling split rings (mst)
> - Add vring_read_split_avail_event() (mst)
>
> Changes to v1:
> - Updated comments (mst, agraf)
> - Moved _read suffix to prefix in newly introduced functions (mst)
> - Update my minor contribution to Co-developed-by (agraf)
> - Add "in theory" to changelog
> ---
> drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c | 72 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
> 1 file changed, 58 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c b/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c
> index ddab68959671..53d5334576bc 100644
> --- a/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c
> +++ b/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.c
> @@ -222,6 +222,55 @@ struct vring_virtqueue {
> #endif
> };
>
> +/*
> + * Accessors for device-writable fields in virtio rings.
> + * These fields are concurrently written by the device and read by the driver.
> + * Use READ_ONCE() to prevent compiler optimizations, document the
> + * intentional data race and prevent KCSAN warnings.
> + */
> +static inline u16 vring_read_split_used_idx(const struct vring_virtqueue *vq)
"inline" is not recommended in *.c files.
Ohters LGTM.
Thanks.
> +{
> + return virtio16_to_cpu(vq->vq.vdev,
> + READ_ONCE(vq->split.vring.used->idx));
> +}
> +
> +static inline u32 vring_read_split_used_id(const struct vring_virtqueue *vq,
> + u16 idx)
> +{
> + return virtio32_to_cpu(vq->vq.vdev,
> + READ_ONCE(vq->split.vring.used->ring[idx].id));
> +}
> +
> +static inline u32 vring_read_split_used_len(const struct vring_virtqueue *vq, u16 idx)
> +{
> + return virtio32_to_cpu(vq->vq.vdev,
> + READ_ONCE(vq->split.vring.used->ring[idx].len));
> +}
> +
> +static inline u16 vring_read_split_avail_event(const struct vring_virtqueue *vq)
> +{
> + return virtio16_to_cpu(vq->vq.vdev,
> + READ_ONCE(vring_avail_event(&vq->split.vring)));
> +}
> +
> +static inline u16 vring_read_packed_desc_flags(const struct vring_virtqueue *vq,
> + u16 idx)
> +{
> + return le16_to_cpu(READ_ONCE(vq->packed.vring.desc[idx].flags));
> +}
> +
> +static inline u16 vring_read_packed_desc_id(const struct vring_virtqueue *vq,
> + u16 idx)
> +{
> + return le16_to_cpu(READ_ONCE(vq->packed.vring.desc[idx].id));
> +}
> +
> +static inline u32 vring_read_packed_desc_len(const struct vring_virtqueue *vq,
> + u16 idx)
> +{
> + return le32_to_cpu(READ_ONCE(vq->packed.vring.desc[idx].len));
> +}
> +
> static struct vring_desc_extra *vring_alloc_desc_extra(unsigned int num);
> static void vring_free(struct virtqueue *_vq);
>
> @@ -736,8 +785,7 @@ static bool virtqueue_kick_prepare_split(struct virtqueue *_vq)
> LAST_ADD_TIME_INVALID(vq);
>
> if (vq->event) {
> - needs_kick = vring_need_event(virtio16_to_cpu(_vq->vdev,
> - vring_avail_event(&vq->split.vring)),
> + needs_kick = vring_need_event(vring_read_split_avail_event(vq),
> new, old);
> } else {
> needs_kick = !(vq->split.vring.used->flags &
> @@ -808,8 +856,7 @@ static void detach_buf_split(struct vring_virtqueue *vq, unsigned int head,
>
> static bool more_used_split(const struct vring_virtqueue *vq)
> {
> - return vq->last_used_idx != virtio16_to_cpu(vq->vq.vdev,
> - vq->split.vring.used->idx);
> + return vq->last_used_idx != vring_read_split_used_idx(vq);
> }
>
> static void *virtqueue_get_buf_ctx_split(struct virtqueue *_vq,
> @@ -838,10 +885,8 @@ static void *virtqueue_get_buf_ctx_split(struct virtqueue *_vq,
> virtio_rmb(vq->weak_barriers);
>
> last_used = (vq->last_used_idx & (vq->split.vring.num - 1));
> - i = virtio32_to_cpu(_vq->vdev,
> - vq->split.vring.used->ring[last_used].id);
> - *len = virtio32_to_cpu(_vq->vdev,
> - vq->split.vring.used->ring[last_used].len);
> + i = vring_read_split_used_id(vq, last_used);
> + *len = vring_read_split_used_len(vq, last_used);
>
> if (unlikely(i >= vq->split.vring.num)) {
> BAD_RING(vq, "id %u out of range\n", i);
> @@ -923,8 +968,7 @@ static bool virtqueue_poll_split(struct virtqueue *_vq, unsigned int last_used_i
> {
> struct vring_virtqueue *vq = to_vvq(_vq);
>
> - return (u16)last_used_idx != virtio16_to_cpu(_vq->vdev,
> - vq->split.vring.used->idx);
> + return (u16)last_used_idx != vring_read_split_used_idx(vq);
> }
>
> static bool virtqueue_enable_cb_delayed_split(struct virtqueue *_vq)
> @@ -1701,10 +1745,10 @@ static void detach_buf_packed(struct vring_virtqueue *vq,
> static inline bool is_used_desc_packed(const struct vring_virtqueue *vq,
> u16 idx, bool used_wrap_counter)
> {
> - bool avail, used;
> u16 flags;
> + bool avail, used;
>
> - flags = le16_to_cpu(vq->packed.vring.desc[idx].flags);
> + flags = vring_read_packed_desc_flags(vq, idx);
> avail = !!(flags & (1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_AVAIL));
> used = !!(flags & (1 << VRING_PACKED_DESC_F_USED));
>
> @@ -1751,8 +1795,8 @@ static void *virtqueue_get_buf_ctx_packed(struct virtqueue *_vq,
> last_used_idx = READ_ONCE(vq->last_used_idx);
> used_wrap_counter = packed_used_wrap_counter(last_used_idx);
> last_used = packed_last_used(last_used_idx);
> - id = le16_to_cpu(vq->packed.vring.desc[last_used].id);
> - *len = le32_to_cpu(vq->packed.vring.desc[last_used].len);
> + id = vring_read_packed_desc_id(vq, last_used);
> + *len = vring_read_packed_desc_len(vq, last_used);
>
> if (unlikely(id >= vq->packed.vring.num)) {
> BAD_RING(vq, "id %u out of range\n", id);
> --
> 2.52.0
>
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