Message-ID: <01d1c0f5-5b07-4084-b2d4-33fb3b7c02b4@oracle.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Feb 2026 18:29:51 +0100
From: William Roche <william.roche@...cle.com>
To: Jiaqi Yan <jiaqiyan@...gle.com>, linmiaohe@...wei.com,
        harry.yoo@...cle.com, jane.chu@...cle.com
Cc: nao.horiguchi@...il.com, tony.luck@...el.com, wangkefeng.wang@...wei.com,
        willy@...radead.org, akpm@...ux-foundation.org, osalvador@...e.de,
        rientjes@...gle.com, duenwen@...gle.com, jthoughton@...gle.com,
        jgg@...dia.com, ankita@...dia.com, peterx@...hat.com,
        sidhartha.kumar@...cle.com, ziy@...dia.com, david@...hat.com,
        dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com, muchun.song@...ux.dev, linux-mm@...ck.org,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3 1/3] mm: memfd/hugetlb: introduce memfd-based userspace
 MFR policy

On 2/3/26 20:23, Jiaqi Yan wrote:
> [...]
> diff --git a/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c b/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
> index 3b4c152c5c73a..8b0f5aa49711f 100644
> --- a/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
> +++ b/fs/hugetlbfs/inode.c
> @@ -551,6 +551,18 @@ static bool remove_inode_single_folio(struct hstate *h, struct inode *inode,
>   	}
>   
>   	folio_unlock(folio);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * There may be pending HWPoison-ed folios when a memfd is being
> +	 * removed or part of it is being truncated.
> +	 *
> +	 * HugeTLBFS' error_remove_folio keeps the HWPoison-ed folios in
> +	 * page cache until mm wants to drop the folio at the end of the
> +	 * of the filemap. At this point, if memory failure was delayed

"of the" is repeated

> +	 * by MFD_MF_KEEP_UE_MAPPED in the past, we can now deal with it.
> +	 */
> +	filemap_offline_hwpoison_folio(mapping, folio);
> +
>   	return ret;
>   }
>   
> @@ -582,13 +594,13 @@ static void remove_inode_hugepages(struct inode *inode, loff_t lstart,
>   	const pgoff_t end = lend >> PAGE_SHIFT;
>   	struct folio_batch fbatch;
>   	pgoff_t next, index;
> -	int i, freed = 0;
> +	int i, j, freed = 0;
>   	bool truncate_op = (lend == LLONG_MAX);
>   
>   	folio_batch_init(&fbatch);
>   	next = lstart >> PAGE_SHIFT;
>   	while (filemap_get_folios(mapping, &next, end - 1, &fbatch)) {
> -		for (i = 0; i < folio_batch_count(&fbatch); ++i) {
> +		for (i = 0, j = 0; i < folio_batch_count(&fbatch); ++i) {
>   			struct folio *folio = fbatch.folios[i];
>   			u32 hash = 0;
>   
> @@ -603,8 +615,17 @@ static void remove_inode_hugepages(struct inode *inode, loff_t lstart,
>   							index, truncate_op))
>   				freed++;
>   
> +			/*
> +			 * Skip HWPoison-ed hugepages, which should no
> +			 * longer be hugetlb if successfully dissolved.
> +			 */
> +			if (folio_test_hugetlb(folio))
> +				fbatch.folios[j++] = folio;
> +
>   			mutex_unlock(&hugetlb_fault_mutex_table[hash]);
>   		}
> +		fbatch.nr = j;
> +
>   		folio_batch_release(&fbatch);
>   		cond_resched();
>   	}
> diff --git a/include/linux/hugetlb.h b/include/linux/hugetlb.h
> index e51b8ef0cebd9..7fadf1772335d 100644
> --- a/include/linux/hugetlb.h
> +++ b/include/linux/hugetlb.h
> @@ -879,10 +879,17 @@ int dissolve_free_hugetlb_folios(unsigned long start_pfn,
>   
>   #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
>   extern void folio_clear_hugetlb_hwpoison(struct folio *folio);
> +extern bool hugetlb_should_keep_hwpoison_mapped(struct folio *folio,
> +						struct address_space *mapping);
>   #else
>   static inline void folio_clear_hugetlb_hwpoison(struct folio *folio)
>   {
>   }
> +static inline bool hugetlb_should_keep_hwpoison_mapped(struct folio *folio

comma is missing

> +						       struct address_space *mapping)
> +{
> +	return false;
> +}
>   #endif
>   
>   #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_HUGEPAGE_MIGRATION
> diff --git a/include/linux/pagemap.h b/include/linux/pagemap.h
> index ec442af3f8861..53772c29451eb 100644
> --- a/include/linux/pagemap.h
> +++ b/include/linux/pagemap.h
> @@ -211,6 +211,7 @@ enum mapping_flags {
>   	AS_KERNEL_FILE = 10,	/* mapping for a fake kernel file that shouldn't
>   				   account usage to user cgroups */
>   	AS_NO_DATA_INTEGRITY = 11, /* no data integrity guarantees */
> +	AS_MF_KEEP_UE_MAPPED = 12, /* For MFD_MF_KEEP_UE_MAPPED. */
>   	/* Bits 16-25 are used for FOLIO_ORDER */
>   	AS_FOLIO_ORDER_BITS = 5,
>   	AS_FOLIO_ORDER_MIN = 16,
> @@ -356,6 +357,16 @@ static inline bool mapping_no_data_integrity(const struct address_space *mapping
>   	return test_bit(AS_NO_DATA_INTEGRITY, &mapping->flags);
>   }
>   
> +static inline bool mapping_mf_keep_ue_mapped(const struct address_space *mapping)
> +{
> +	return test_bit(AS_MF_KEEP_UE_MAPPED, &mapping->flags);
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mapping_set_mf_keep_ue_mapped(struct address_space *mapping)
> +{
> +	set_bit(AS_MF_KEEP_UE_MAPPED, &mapping->flags);
> +}
> +
>   static inline gfp_t mapping_gfp_mask(const struct address_space *mapping)
>   {
>   	return mapping->gfp_mask;
> @@ -1303,6 +1314,18 @@ void replace_page_cache_folio(struct folio *old, struct folio *new);
>   void delete_from_page_cache_batch(struct address_space *mapping,
>   				  struct folio_batch *fbatch);
>   bool filemap_release_folio(struct folio *folio, gfp_t gfp);
> +#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
> +/*
> + * Provided by memory failure to offline HWPoison-ed folio managed by memfd.
> + */
> +void filemap_offline_hwpoison_folio(struct address_space *mapping,
> +				    struct folio *folio);
> +#else
> +static inline void filemap_offline_hwpoison_folio(struct address_space *mapping,
> +						  struct folio *folio)
> +{
> +}
> +#endif
>   loff_t mapping_seek_hole_data(struct address_space *, loff_t start, loff_t end,
>   		int whence);
>   
> diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/memfd.h b/include/uapi/linux/memfd.h
> index 273a4e15dfcff..d9875da551b7f 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/linux/memfd.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/linux/memfd.h
> @@ -12,6 +12,12 @@
>   #define MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL		0x0008U
>   /* executable */
>   #define MFD_EXEC		0x0010U
> +/*
> + * Keep owned folios mapped when uncorrectable memory errors (UE) causes
> + * memory failure (MF) within the folio. Only at the end of the mapping
> + * will its HWPoison-ed folios be dealt with.
> + */
> +#define MFD_MF_KEEP_UE_MAPPED	0x0020U
>   
>   /*
>    * Huge page size encoding when MFD_HUGETLB is specified, and a huge page
> diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
> index a1832da0f6236..2a161c281da2a 100644
> --- a/mm/hugetlb.c
> +++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
> @@ -5836,9 +5836,11 @@ static vm_fault_t hugetlb_no_page(struct address_space *mapping,
>   		 * So we need to block hugepage fault by PG_hwpoison bit check.
>   		 */
>   		if (unlikely(folio_test_hwpoison(folio))) {
> -			ret = VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE |
> -				VM_FAULT_SET_HINDEX(hstate_index(h));
> -			goto backout_unlocked;
> +			if (!mapping_mf_keep_ue_mapped(mapping)) {
> +				ret = VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE |
> +				      VM_FAULT_SET_HINDEX(hstate_index(h));
> +				goto backout_unlocked;
> +			}
>   		}
>   
>   		/* Check for page in userfault range. */
> diff --git a/mm/memfd.c b/mm/memfd.c
> index ab5312aff14b9..f9fdf014b67ba 100644
> --- a/mm/memfd.c
> +++ b/mm/memfd.c
> @@ -340,7 +340,8 @@ long memfd_fcntl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned int arg)
>   #define MFD_NAME_PREFIX_LEN (sizeof(MFD_NAME_PREFIX) - 1)
>   #define MFD_NAME_MAX_LEN (NAME_MAX - MFD_NAME_PREFIX_LEN)
>   
> -#define MFD_ALL_FLAGS (MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING | MFD_HUGETLB | MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL | MFD_EXEC)
> +#define MFD_ALL_FLAGS (MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING | MFD_HUGETLB | \
> +		       MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL | MFD_EXEC | MFD_MF_KEEP_UE_MAPPED)
>   
>   static int check_sysctl_memfd_noexec(unsigned int *flags)
>   {
> @@ -414,6 +415,8 @@ static int sanitize_flags(unsigned int *flags_ptr)
>   	if (!(flags & MFD_HUGETLB)) {
>   		if (flags & ~MFD_ALL_FLAGS)
>   			return -EINVAL;
> +		if (flags & MFD_MF_KEEP_UE_MAPPED)
> +			return -EINVAL;
>   	} else {
>   		/* Allow huge page size encoding in flags. */
>   		if (flags & ~(MFD_ALL_FLAGS |
> @@ -486,6 +489,16 @@ static struct file *alloc_file(const char *name, unsigned int flags)
>   	file->f_mode |= FMODE_LSEEK | FMODE_PREAD | FMODE_PWRITE;
>   	file->f_flags |= O_LARGEFILE;
>   
> +	/*
> +	 * MFD_MF_KEEP_UE_MAPPED can only be specified in memfd_create;
> +	 * no API to update it once memfd is created. MFD_MF_KEEP_UE_MAPPED
> +	 * is not seal-able.
> +	 *
> +	 * For now MFD_MF_KEEP_UE_MAPPED is only supported by HugeTLBFS.
> +	 */
> +	if (flags & MFD_MF_KEEP_UE_MAPPED)
> +		mapping_set_mf_keep_ue_mapped(file->f_mapping);
> +
>   	if (flags & MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL) {
>   		inode->i_mode &= ~0111;
>   		file_seals = memfd_file_seals_ptr(file);
> diff --git a/mm/memory-failure.c b/mm/memory-failure.c
> index 58b34f5d2c05d..b9cecbbe08dae 100644
> --- a/mm/memory-failure.c
> +++ b/mm/memory-failure.c
> @@ -410,6 +410,8 @@ static void __add_to_kill(struct task_struct *tsk, const struct page *p,
>   			  unsigned long addr)
>   {
>   	struct to_kill *tk;
> +	const struct folio *folio;
> +	struct address_space *mapping;
>   
>   	tk = kmalloc(sizeof(struct to_kill), GFP_ATOMIC);
>   	if (!tk) {
> @@ -420,8 +422,19 @@ static void __add_to_kill(struct task_struct *tsk, const struct page *p,
>   	tk->addr = addr;
>   	if (is_zone_device_page(p))
>   		tk->size_shift = dev_pagemap_mapping_shift(vma, tk->addr);
> -	else
> -		tk->size_shift = folio_shift(page_folio(p));
> +	else {
> +		folio = page_folio(p);
> +		mapping = folio_mapping(folio);
> +		if (mapping && mapping_mf_keep_ue_mapped(mapping))
> +			/*
> +			 * Let userspace know the radius of HWPoison is
> +			 * the size of raw page; accessing other pages
> +			 * inside the folio is still ok.
> +			 */
> +			tk->size_shift = PAGE_SHIFT;
> +		else
> +			tk->size_shift = folio_shift(folio);
> +	}
>   
>   	/*
>   	 * Send SIGKILL if "tk->addr == -EFAULT". Also, as
> @@ -844,6 +857,8 @@ static int kill_accessing_process(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long pfn,
>   				  int flags)
>   {
>   	int ret;
> +	struct folio *folio;
> +	struct address_space *mapping;
>   	struct hwpoison_walk priv = {
>   		.pfn = pfn,
>   	};
> @@ -861,8 +876,14 @@ static int kill_accessing_process(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long pfn,
>   	 * ret = 0 when poison page is a clean page and it's dropped, no
>   	 * SIGBUS is needed.
>   	 */
> -	if (ret == 1 && priv.tk.addr)
> +	if (ret == 1 && priv.tk.addr) {
> +		folio = pfn_folio(pfn);
> +		mapping = folio_mapping(folio);
> +		if (mapping && mapping_mf_keep_ue_mapped(mapping))
> +			priv.tk.size_shift = PAGE_SHIFT;
> +
>   		kill_proc(&priv.tk, pfn, flags);
> +	}
>   	mmap_read_unlock(p->mm);
>   
>   	return ret > 0 ? -EHWPOISON : 0;
> @@ -1206,6 +1227,13 @@ static int me_huge_page(struct page_state *ps, struct page *p)
>   		}
>   	}
>   
> +	/*
> +	 * MF still needs to holds a refcount for the deferred actions in

to hold (without the s)

> +	 * filemap_offline_hwpoison_folio.
> +	 */
> +	if (hugetlb_should_keep_hwpoison_mapped(folio, mapping))
> +		return res;
> +
>   	if (has_extra_refcount(ps, p, extra_pins))
>   		res = MF_FAILED;
>   
> @@ -1602,6 +1630,7 @@ static bool hwpoison_user_mappings(struct folio *folio, struct page *p,
>   {
>   	LIST_HEAD(tokill);
>   	bool unmap_success;
> +	bool keep_mapped;
>   	int forcekill;
>   	bool mlocked = folio_test_mlocked(folio);
>   
> @@ -1629,8 +1658,12 @@ static bool hwpoison_user_mappings(struct folio *folio, struct page *p,
>   	 */
>   	collect_procs(folio, p, &tokill, flags & MF_ACTION_REQUIRED);
>   
> -	unmap_success = !unmap_poisoned_folio(folio, pfn, flags & MF_MUST_KILL);
> -	if (!unmap_success)
> +	keep_mapped = hugetlb_should_keep_hwpoison_mapped(folio, folio->mapping);

We shoud use folio_mapping(folio) instead of folio->mapping.

But more importantly this function can be called on non hugepages 
folios, and hugetlb_should_keep_hwpoison_mapped() is warning (ONCE) in 
this case. So shouldn't the caller make sure that we are dealing with 
hugepages first ?


> +	if (!keep_mapped)
> +		unmap_poisoned_folio(folio, pfn, flags & MF_MUST_KILL);
> +
> +	unmap_success = !folio_mapped(folio);
> +	if (!keep_mapped && !unmap_success)
>   		pr_err("%#lx: failed to unmap page (folio mapcount=%d)\n",
>   		       pfn, folio_mapcount(folio));
>   
> @@ -1655,7 +1688,7 @@ static bool hwpoison_user_mappings(struct folio *folio, struct page *p,
>   		    !unmap_success;
>   	kill_procs(&tokill, forcekill, pfn, flags);
>   
> -	return unmap_success;
> +	return unmap_success || keep_mapped;
>   }
>   
>   static int identify_page_state(unsigned long pfn, struct page *p,
> @@ -1896,6 +1929,13 @@ static unsigned long __folio_free_raw_hwp(struct folio *folio, bool move_flag)
>   	unsigned long count = 0;
>   
>   	head = llist_del_all(raw_hwp_list_head(folio));
> +	/*
> +	 * If filemap_offline_hwpoison_folio_hugetlb is handling this folio,
> +	 * it has already taken off the head of the llist.
> +	 */
> +	if (head == NULL)
> +		return 0;
> +
>   	llist_for_each_entry_safe(p, next, head, node) {
>   		if (move_flag)
>   			SetPageHWPoison(p->page);
> @@ -1912,7 +1952,8 @@ static int folio_set_hugetlb_hwpoison(struct folio *folio, struct page *page)
>   	struct llist_head *head;
>   	struct raw_hwp_page *raw_hwp;
>   	struct raw_hwp_page *p;
> -	int ret = folio_test_set_hwpoison(folio) ? -EHWPOISON : 0;
> +	struct address_space *mapping = folio->mapping;

Same here - We shoud use folio_mapping(folio) instead of folio->mapping.

> +	bool has_hwpoison = folio_test_set_hwpoison(folio);
>   
>   	/*
>   	 * Once the hwpoison hugepage has lost reliable raw error info,
> @@ -1931,8 +1972,15 @@ static int folio_set_hugetlb_hwpoison(struct folio *folio, struct page *page)
>   	if (raw_hwp) {
>   		raw_hwp->page = page;
>   		llist_add(&raw_hwp->node, head);
> +		if (hugetlb_should_keep_hwpoison_mapped(folio, mapping))
> +			/*
> +			 * A new raw HWPoison page. Don't return HWPOISON.
> +			 * Error event will be counted in action_result().
> +			 */
> +			return 0;
> +
>   		/* the first error event will be counted in action_result(). */
> -		if (ret)
> +		if (has_hwpoison)
>   			num_poisoned_pages_inc(page_to_pfn(page));
>   	} else {
>   		/*
> @@ -1947,7 +1995,8 @@ static int folio_set_hugetlb_hwpoison(struct folio *folio, struct page *page)
>   		 */
>   		__folio_free_raw_hwp(folio, false);
>   	}
> -	return ret;
> +
> +	return has_hwpoison ? -EHWPOISON : 0;
>   }
>   
>   static unsigned long folio_free_raw_hwp(struct folio *folio, bool move_flag)
> @@ -1980,6 +2029,18 @@ void folio_clear_hugetlb_hwpoison(struct folio *folio)
>   	folio_free_raw_hwp(folio, true);
>   }
>   
> +bool hugetlb_should_keep_hwpoison_mapped(struct folio *folio,
> +					 struct address_space *mapping)
> +{
> +	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!folio_test_hugetlb(folio)))
> +		return false;
> +
> +	if (!mapping)
> +		return false;
> +
> +	return mapping_mf_keep_ue_mapped(mapping);
> +}

The definition of this above function should be encapsulated with
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
#endif

> +
>   /*
>    * Called from hugetlb code with hugetlb_lock held.
>    *
> @@ -2037,6 +2098,51 @@ int __get_huge_page_for_hwpoison(unsigned long pfn, int flags,
>   	return ret;
>   }
>   
> +static void filemap_offline_hwpoison_folio_hugetlb(struct folio *folio)
> +{
> +	int ret;
> +	struct llist_node *head;
> +	struct raw_hwp_page *curr, *next;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Since folio is still in the folio_batch, drop the refcount
> +	 * elevated by filemap_get_folios.
> +	 */
> +	folio_put_refs(folio, 1);
> +	head = llist_del_all(raw_hwp_list_head(folio));
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Release refcounts held by try_memory_failure_hugetlb, one per
> +	 * HWPoison-ed page in the raw hwp list.
> +	 *
> +	 * Set HWPoison flag on each page so that free_has_hwpoisoned()
> +	 * can exclude them during dissolve_free_hugetlb_folio().
> +	 */
> +	llist_for_each_entry_safe(curr, next, head, node) {
> +		folio_put(folio);
> +		SetPageHWPoison(curr->page);
> +		kfree(curr);
> +	}
> +
> +	/* Refcount now should be zero and ready to dissolve folio. */
> +	ret = dissolve_free_hugetlb_folio(folio);
> +	if (ret)
> +		pr_err("failed to dissolve hugetlb folio: %d\n", ret);
> +}
> +
> +void filemap_offline_hwpoison_folio(struct address_space *mapping,
> +				    struct folio *folio)
> +{
> +	WARN_ON_ONCE(!mapping);
> +
> +	if (!folio_test_hwpoison(folio))
> +		return;
> +
> +	/* Pending MFR currently only exist for hugetlb. */
> +	if (hugetlb_should_keep_hwpoison_mapped(folio, mapping))
> +		filemap_offline_hwpoison_folio_hugetlb(folio);

Shouldn't we also test here that we are dealing with hugepages first 
before testing hugetlb_should_keep_hwpoison_mapped(folio, mapping) ?

> +}
> +
>   /*
>    * Taking refcount of hugetlb pages needs extra care about race conditions
>    * with basic operations like hugepage allocation/free/demotion.


Don't we also need to take into account the repeated errors in 
try_memory_failure_hugetlb() ?

Something like that:

@@ -2036,9 +2099,10 @@ static int try_memory_failure_hugetlb(unsigned 
long pfn, int flags, int *hugetlb
  {
  	int res, rv;
  	struct page *p = pfn_to_page(pfn);
-	struct folio *folio;
+	struct folio *folio = page_folio(p);
  	unsigned long page_flags;
  	bool migratable_cleared = false;
+	struct address_space *mapping = folio_mapping(folio);

  	*hugetlb = 1;
  retry:
@@ -2060,15 +2124,17 @@ static int try_memory_failure_hugetlb(unsigned 
long pfn, int flags, int *hugetlb
  			rv = kill_accessing_process(current, pfn, flags);
  		if (res == MF_HUGETLB_PAGE_PRE_POISONED)
  			action_result(pfn, MF_MSG_ALREADY_POISONED, MF_FAILED);
-		else
+		else {
+			if (hugetlb_should_keep_hwpoison_mapped(folio, mapping))
+				return action_result(pfn, MF_MSG_UNMAP_FAILED, MF_DELAYED);
  			action_result(pfn, MF_MSG_HUGE, MF_FAILED);
+		}
  		return rv;
  	default:
  		WARN_ON((res != MF_HUGETLB_FREED) && (res != MF_HUGETLB_IN_USED));
  		break;
  	}

-	folio = page_folio(p);
  	folio_lock(folio);

  	if (hwpoison_filter(p)) {


So that we don't call action_result(pfn, MF_MSG_HUGE, MF_FAILED); for a 
repeated error ?


-- 
2.47.3

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