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Message-ID: <249d6576-2259-4785-87b6-619052b4ce75@linux.dev>
Date: Tue, 10 Feb 2026 11:10:03 -0800
From: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@...ux.dev>
To: Feng Yang <yangfeng59949@....com>
Cc: davem@...emloft.net, edumazet@...gle.com, kuba@...nel.org,
pabeni@...hat.com, horms@...nel.org, ast@...nel.org, daniel@...earbox.net,
andrii@...nel.org, bpf@...r.kernel.org, netdev@...r.kernel.org,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v5] bpf: test_run: Fix the null pointer dereference issue
in bpf_lwt_xmit_push_encap
On 2/10/26 1:06 AM, Feng Yang wrote:
> From: Feng Yang <yangfeng@...inos.cn>
>
> The bpf_lwt_xmit_push_encap helper needs to access skb_dst(skb)->dev to
> calculate the needed headroom:
>
> err = skb_cow_head(skb,
> len + LL_RESERVED_SPACE(skb_dst(skb)->dev));
>
> But skb->_skb_refdst may not be initialized when the skb is set up by
> bpf_prog_test_run_skb function. Executing bpf_lwt_push_ip_encap function
> in this scenario will trigger null pointer dereference, causing a kernel
> crash as Yinhao reported:
>
> [ 105.186365] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
> [ 105.186382] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
> [ 105.186388] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
> [ 105.186393] PGD 121d3d067 P4D 121d3d067 PUD 106c83067 PMD 0
> [ 105.186404] Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI
> [ 105.186412] CPU: 3 PID: 3250 Comm: poc Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.19.0-rc5 #1
> [ 105.186423] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014
> [ 105.186427] RIP: 0010:bpf_lwt_push_ip_encap+0x1eb/0x520
> [ 105.186443] Code: 0f 84 de 01 00 00 0f b7 4a 04 66 85 c9 0f 85 47 01 00 00 31 c0 5b 5d 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e c3 cc cc cc cc 48 8b 73 58 48 83 e6 fe <48> 8b 36 0f b7 be ec 00 00 00 0f b7 b6 e6 00 00 00 01 fe 83 e6 f0
> [ 105.186449] RSP: 0018:ffffbb0e0387bc50 EFLAGS: 00010246
> [ 105.186455] RAX: 000000000000004e RBX: ffff94c74e036500 RCX: ffff94c74874da00
> [ 105.186460] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff94c74e036500
> [ 105.186463] RBP: 0000000000000001 R08: 0000000000000002 R09: 0000000000000000
> [ 105.186467] R10: ffffbb0e0387bd50 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffffbb0e0387bc98
> [ 105.186471] R13: 0000000000000014 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000002
> [ 105.186484] FS: 00007f166aa4d680(0000) GS:ffff94c8b7780000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
> [ 105.186490] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
> [ 105.186494] CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 000000015eade001 CR4: 0000000000770ee0
> [ 105.186499] PKRU: 55555554
> [ 105.186502] Call Trace:
> [ 105.186507] <TASK>
> [ 105.186513] bpf_lwt_xmit_push_encap+0x2b/0x40
> [ 105.186522] bpf_prog_a75eaad51e517912+0x41/0x49
> [ 105.186536] ? kvm_clock_get_cycles+0x18/0x30
> [ 105.186547] ? ktime_get+0x3c/0xa0
> [ 105.186554] bpf_test_run+0x195/0x320
> [ 105.186563] ? bpf_test_run+0x10f/0x320
> [ 105.186579] bpf_prog_test_run_skb+0x2f5/0x4f0
> [ 105.186590] __sys_bpf+0x69c/0xa40
> [ 105.186603] __x64_sys_bpf+0x1e/0x30
> [ 105.186611] do_syscall_64+0x59/0x110
> [ 105.186620] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0xe0
> [ 105.186649] RIP: 0033:0x7f166a97455d
>
> Temporarily add the setting of skb->_skb_refdst before bpf_test_run to resolve the issue.
>
> Fixes: 52f278774e79 ("bpf: implement BPF_LWT_ENCAP_IP mode in bpf_lwt_push_encap")
> Reported-by: Yinhao Hu <dddddd@...t.edu.cn>
> Reported-by: Kaiyan Mei <M202472210@...t.edu.cn>
> Closes: https://groups.google.com/g/hust-os-kernel-patches/c/8-a0kPpBW2s
> Signed-off-by: Yun Lu <luyun@...inos.cn>
> Signed-off-by: Feng Yang <yangfeng@...inos.cn>
> Tested-by: syzbot@...kaller.appspotmail.com
> ---
> Changes in v5:
> - Refer to the bpf_lwt_xmit_reroute function to configure the dst parameter.
> - Link to v4: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260209015111.28144-1-yangfeng59949@163.com/
> Changes in v4:
> - add rcu lock
> - Link to v3: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260206055113.63476-1-yangfeng59949@163.com/
> Changes in v3:
> - use dst_init
> - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260205092227.126665-1-yangfeng59949@163.com/
> Changes in v2:
> - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260127084520.13890-1-luyun_611@163.com/
The earlier syzbot reports are crying for a selftest which is still
missing in v5.
The CI has also reported errors in the test_progs. Did you run any test
before posting ?
pw-bot: cr
> ---
> net/bpf/test_run.c | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/net/bpf/test_run.c b/net/bpf/test_run.c
> index 178c4738e63b..dbd2c44da7e5 100644
> --- a/net/bpf/test_run.c
> +++ b/net/bpf/test_run.c
> @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
> #include <net/netdev_rx_queue.h>
> #include <net/xdp.h>
> #include <net/netfilter/nf_bpf_link.h>
> +#include <net/ip6_route.h>
>
> #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
> #include <trace/events/bpf_test_run.h>
> @@ -992,6 +993,7 @@ int bpf_prog_test_run_skb(struct bpf_prog *prog, const union bpf_attr *kattr,
> u32 headroom = NET_SKB_PAD + NET_IP_ALIGN;
> u32 linear_sz = kattr->test.data_size_in;
> u32 repeat = kattr->test.repeat;
> + struct dst_entry *dst = NULL;
> struct __sk_buff *ctx = NULL;
> struct sk_buff *skb = NULL;
> struct sock *sk = NULL;
> @@ -1156,6 +1158,51 @@ int bpf_prog_test_run_skb(struct bpf_prog *prog, const union bpf_attr *kattr,
> skb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_COMPLETE;
> }
>
> + if (prog->type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT && !skb_dst(skb)) {
> + struct flowi4 fl4 = {};
> + struct flowi6 fl6 = {};
> + struct rtable *rt;
> +
> + switch (skb->protocol) {
> + case htons(ETH_P_IP):
> + if (sizeof(struct iphdr) <= skb_headlen(skb)) {
> + fl4.saddr = ip_hdr(skb)->saddr;
> + fl4.daddr = ip_hdr(skb)->daddr;
> + }
> +
> + rt = ip_route_output_key(net, &fl4);
What can be expected from the return value rt if fl4 is 0.
> + if (IS_ERR(rt)) {
> + ret = PTR_ERR(rt);
I suspect this is probably what failed in CI. Add a NULL check in
bpf_lwt_push_ip_encap instead. No change is needed in the
bpf_prog_test_run_skb.
> + goto out;
> + }
> + dst = &rt->dst;
> + break;
> +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
> + case htons(ETH_P_IPV6):
> + if (sizeof(struct ipv6hdr) <= skb_headlen(skb)) {
> + fl6.saddr = ipv6_hdr(skb)->saddr;
> + fl6.daddr = ipv6_hdr(skb)->daddr;
> + }
> +
> + dst = ip6_route_output(net, NULL, &fl6);
> + if (IS_ERR(dst)) {
> + ret = PTR_ERR(dst);
> + goto out;
> + }
> + break;
> +#endif
> + default:
> + ret = -EINVAL;
> + goto out;
> + }
> +
> + if (unlikely(dst->error)) {
> + ret = dst->error;
> + dst_release(dst);
> + goto out;
> + }
> + skb_dst_set(skb, dst);
> + }
> ret = bpf_test_run(prog, skb, repeat, &retval, &duration, false);
> if (ret)
> goto out;
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