Date:	Tue, 05 Dec 2006 01:20:31 +0800
From:	Wensong Zhang <wensong@...ux-vs.org>
To:	home_king <home_king@....com>
Cc:	Horms <horms@...ge.net.au>, netdev@...r.kernel.org,
	David Miller <davem@...emloft.net>,
	Julian Anastasov <ja@....bg>, Joseph Mack NA3T <jmack@...d.net>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] [IPVS] transparent proxying


Hi Jinhua,

home_king wrote:
> > I am afraid that the method used in the patch is not native, it breaks
> > on IP fragments.
> > IPVS is a kind of layer-4 switching, it routes packet by checking
> > layer-4 information
> > such as address and port number. ip_vs_in() is hooked at 
> NF_IP_LOCAL_IN, so
> > that all the packets received by ip_vs_in() are already 
> defragmented. On
> > NF_IP_FORWARD
> > hook, there may be some IP fragements, ip_vs_in() cannot handle 
> those IP
> > fragments.
>
> However, your analysis is a bit inaccurate, I think.
>
> As far as I know, Policy route's conjunction with fwmark works just under
> some precondition, the most important one of which is defragmentation
> function provided by NF_CONNTRACK. That is, the routing core works in
> layer 3, and it can even route all IP fragments just by the IP info, and
> doesn't care about the layer 4 info, such as service ports. Firewall Mark
> makes layer 4 involved. To retrieve the full layer 4 header, netfilter
> has no choice but to do defragmentation for the routing core, which is 
> the
> key function of NF_CONNTRACK.
>
> In a word, without NF_CONNTRACK, neither the policy route nor my 
> patch, can
> face the defragmentation problem!
>
OK, it's my mistake. :-)       we mark packets according to port number 
and those packets go through FORWARD chain by default, so we have to do 
defragmentation before firewall-marking.
> I will give you some proof of my words.
>
> LOOKING at the NETFILTER SOURCE:
>
> See the below quotation form /usr/include/linux/netfilter_ipv4.h, the
> defragmentation of netfilter owns the highest prority, so the 
> corresponding
> hook will be called before any other hooks including ipvs & iptables.
>
> -----quote start-----
> enum nf_ip_hook_priorities {
>        NF_IP_PRI_FIRST = INT_MIN,
>        NF_IP_PRI_CONNTRACK_DEFRAG = -400,
>    ...
>        NF_IP_PRI_LAST = INT_MAX,
> };
> -----quote end-----
>
>
> And see ip_conntrack_standalone.c, here defines the defrag hooks on
> PREROUTING chain and OUTPUT chain with NF_IP_PRI_CONNTRACK_DEFRAG
> prority. Needless to say, all packets which flow on INPUT & FORWARD
> chain are already defragmented by it; In other word, once the CONNTRACK
> is enabled, you cannot see any fragment in INPUT & FORWARD chain, even
> the other chains.
>
> -----quote start-----
> static struct nf_hook_ops ip_conntrack_defrag_ops = {
>    .hook        = ip_conntrack_defrag,
>    .owner        = THIS_MODULE,
>    .pf        = PF_INET,
>    .hooknum    = NF_IP_PRE_ROUTING,
>    .priority    = NF_IP_PRI_CONNTRACK_DEFRAG,
> };
>
> static struct nf_hook_ops ip_conntrack_defrag_local_out_ops = {
>    .hook        = ip_conntrack_defrag,
>    .owner        = THIS_MODULE,
>    .pf        = PF_INET,
>    .hooknum    = NF_IP_LOCAL_OUT,
>    .priority    = NF_IP_PRI_CONNTRACK_DEFRAG,
> };
> -----quote end-----
>
>
> On the other hand, I wrote a simply program -- test_udp_fragment.c
> to test it.
>
> -----test code start--------------
>
> #include <sys/types.h>
> #include <sys/socket.h>
> #include <errno.h>
> #include <stdlib.h>
> #include <linux/in.h>
>
> int main(int argc, char *argv[])
> {
> #ifndef AS_SERVER
>    if (argc < 2) {
>        printf("SYNTAX: %s <server ip>\n", argv[0]);
>        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
>    }
> #endif
>
>    int sockfd;
>    sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
>    if (sockfd < 0) {
>        perror("socket");
>        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>    }
> #define MSG_SIZE 10000          /* bigger than MTU */
> #define BUF_SIZE MSG_SIZE+1
>
>    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
>    memset(buf, 0, BUF_SIZE);
>
>    struct sockaddr_in test_addr;
>    test_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
>    test_addr.sin_port = htons(10000);
> #ifdef AS_SERVER
>    test_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("0.0.0.0");
>    if (bind(sockfd,
>             (struct sockaddr *) &test_addr, sizeof(test_addr)) < 0) {
>        perror("bind");
>        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>    }
>    ssize_t r = 0;
>
>    while (1) {
>        r = recv(sockfd, buf, MSG_SIZE, MSG_WAITALL);
>        if (r < MSG_SIZE) {
>            printf("truncated!\n");
>            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>        }
>        printf("recv message: %s\n", buf);
>    }
> #else
>    memset(buf, 'A', MSG_SIZE);
>
>    test_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
>    ssize_t s = 0;
>    s = sendto(sockfd, buf, MSG_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &test_addr,
>               sizeof(test_addr));
>    if (s != MSG_SIZE) {
>        perror("send failed");
>        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>    }
> #endif
>
>    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
> }
> -----test code end--------------
>
> The program above implements a simple udp server & a simple udp client.
>
> The client sends a message of MSG_SIZE bytes (which is filled with 
> 'A') to
> the server, and the server receives and prints out the message.
>
> The MSG_SIZE (Here I takes 10000 as example) is far bigger than the
> normal Ethernet NIC MTU (1500), so the output message will be fragmented.
>
> Given the IP (SIP) of server is 172.16.100.254, and the IP of client 
> (CIP)
> is 172.16.100.63. The Default Gateway IP of client is SIP.
>
> I do the below settings:
>
> @ Server
>
> # Mark the client's udp access
> iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p udp -s 172.16.100.63 --dport 10000 \
>  -j MARK --set-mark 1
> # REDIRECT the forward packets marked with 1 to localhost
> ip rule add prio 100 fwmark 1 table 100
> ip route add local 0/0 dev lo table 100
> # Compile the test program and copy them to the place
> gcc  -DAS_SERVER -o /tmp/server test_udp_fragment.c
> gcc  -o /tmp/client test_udp_fragment.c
> scp test_udp_fragment.c 172.16.100.63:/tmp/
> # Start the server
> /tmp/server
>
> @ Client
>
> # Send a message to some site of external network, such as google.com
> /tmp/client 64.233.189.104
>
>
> The test has two different result:
> 1. When the CONNTRACK is enabled in the kernel running on the server
> recv message: AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
> AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
> AAA....
>
> 2. When the CONNTRACK is disabled in the kernel running on the server
> [Nothing printed out!!!]
>
> See, without CONNTRACK, the policy route failed to handle the
> defragmentation problem too! In fact, it just routes the first IP
> fragment of the message to the INPUT chain, and ignores the other
> IP fragments and let them wander on the FORWARD chain, so the
> defragmentation job of ip_local_deliver() will never success.
> And the upper test program will never receive the message from kernel.
>
>
> Besides this test program, you can simply validate this fact through
> iptables LOG target:
>
> @ Server
>
> # Set a LOG rule just after the MARK rule
> iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -m mark --mark 1 -j LOG
>
> you will see that, without CONNTRACK, you see the first IP fragment
> packet in your log file, and with CONNTRACK, you see an entire IP packet!
>
>
>
>
> All in all, the conclusion is that:
> If you use CONNTRACK, my TP patch works without defragmentation problem;
> If you don't use CONNTRACK, both my TP patch & Policy routing rule for TP
> do not work!
>
Thanks a lot for providing the detailed testing program. However, I 
prefer to
having ip_vs_in() hooked at NF_IP_LOCAL_IN only.
> So, I always think that, my patch enables the native support for TP.
>
>
> Cheers,
>
> Jinhua
Cheers,

Wensong

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