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Date: Fri, 2 Mar 2007 14:01:59 -0500
From: "Ritesh Kumar" <ritesh@...unc.edu>
To: netdev@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Netem tfifo implementation
Hi,
I recently saw the qdisc "tfifo" in the netem module
(net/sched/sch_netem.c) when I migrated some of my patches from 2.6.14
to 2.6.20. As I understand, tfifo helps in keeping the queue of
packets sorted according to their "time_to_send". [tfifo was not
present in 2.6.14 perhaps because arrival order of packets was always
equal to the departure order]. However, tfifo uses a linear search in
the packet queue to find where to enqueue the packet.
Quite some time ago (2.6.14 era), I needed a similar functionality
from the netem module and I ended up coding a pointer based min-heap
for the same. I was wondering if the community was interested in using
the min-heap implementation to replace the linear search
implementation. I have tested the min-heap quite a few times and it
seems to work.
The implementation is slightly non-trivial because it uses
pointers to maintain the heap structure instead if using good old
fixed size arrays. I did this mainly so that the limit of the netem
qdisc could be changed on the fly. However, because every sk_buff now
needs two pointers for its children nodes, I added an extra
(sk_buff*)next2 to struct sk_buff (sorry!). However, this can probably
be changed to a pointer inside netem_skb_cb. Also, because I needed
this for personal work and 2.6.14 didn't contain tfifo, I basically
removed the embedded qdisc and made netem a classless qdisc with my
min heap as the native "queue" (sorry again! :) )
My patch on sch_netem.c is included. If there is interest, I will
be glad to make this into a proper tfifo patch along with any more of
your suggestions.
diff --git a/net/sched/sch_netem.c b/net/sched/sch_netem.c
index 79542af..66881ab 100644
--- a/net/sched/sch_netem.c
+++ b/net/sched/sch_netem.c
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
#include <net/pkt_sched.h>
#define VERSION "1.2"
/* Network Emulation Queuing algorithm.
@@ -53,7 +56,11 @@
*/
struct netem_sched_data {
- struct Qdisc *qdisc;
+ struct sk_buff *root; /* The root of the heap of packets */
+ struct sk_buff *end; /* The last element in the heap */
+ int heap_size; /* The current
size of the heap */
+ __u64 num_arrivals; /* records the number of
arrivals; to be used
+ for
stable ordering in t
he heap */
struct timer_list timer;
u32 latency;
@@ -75,11 +82,15 @@ struct netem_sched_data {
u32 size;
s16 table[0];
} *delay_dist;
};
/* Time stamp put into socket buffer control block */
struct netem_skb_cb {
psched_time_t time_to_send;
+ __u64 arrival_order;
};
/* init_crandom - initialize correlated random number generator
@@ -139,6 +150,210 @@ static long tabledist(unsigned long mu, long sigma,
return x / NETEM_DIST_SCALE + (sigma / NETEM_DIST_SCALE) * t + mu;
}
+int netem_time_less(struct sk_buff *skb1, struct sk_buff *skb2)
+{
+ int r;
+ struct netem_skb_cb *cb1 = (struct netem_skb_cb *)skb1->cb;
+ struct netem_skb_cb *cb2 = (struct netem_skb_cb *)skb2->cb;
+ r = PSCHED_TDIFF(cb1->time_to_send, cb2->time_to_send);
+ if(r == 0) return (cb1->arrival_order < cb2->arrival_order);
+ else return (r < 0);
+}
+
+int netem_insert_heap(struct sk_buff *skb, struct netem_sched_data *q)
+{
+ struct sk_buff *tmp;
+ struct netem_skb_cb *cb = (struct netem_skb_cb *)skb->cb;
+
+ if(q->heap_size >= q->limit)
+ return NET_XMIT_DROP;
+
+ skb->next = NULL;
+ skb->next2 = NULL;
+ //Use the arrival order in the heap to maintain stability.
cb->arrival order
+ //is 64 bits... so it should take a few years before this wraps around.
+ cb->arrival_order = q->num_arrivals++;
+ //root is the root of the heap. end is the last element of the heap.
+ if(q->root == NULL){
+ q->root = skb;
+ skb->prev = NULL;
+ q->end = skb;
+ goto success;
+ }
+ tmp = q->end;
+ //Note that the pointer next is left and next2 is right.
+ while(tmp->prev != NULL && tmp == tmp->prev->next2) tmp = tmp->prev;
+ if(tmp->prev == NULL){
+ //Complete tree: make a new node at a new level. Also
now, tmp == q->root
+ while(tmp->next != NULL) tmp = tmp->next;
+ tmp->next = skb;
+ skb->prev = tmp;
+ }else if(tmp->prev->next2 == NULL){
+ tmp->prev->next2 = skb;
+ skb->prev = tmp->prev;
+ }else{
+ tmp = tmp->prev->next2;
+ while(tmp->next != NULL) tmp = tmp->next;
+ tmp->next = skb;
+ skb->prev = tmp;
+ }
+
+ //Now skb is at the end of the heap though q->end is not
adjusted as yet.
+ if(netem_time_less(skb, skb->prev))
+ q->end = skb->prev;
+ else
+ q->end = skb;
+ //Time to correct the heap order.
+ while((tmp = skb->prev) != NULL){
+ if(netem_time_less(skb, tmp)){
+ struct sk_buff *tmp1;
+ skb->prev = tmp->prev;
+ if(tmp->next == skb){
+ tmp->next = skb->next;
+ if(tmp->next != NULL)
+ tmp->next->prev = tmp;
+ skb->next = tmp;
+ tmp1 = skb->next2;
+ skb->next2 = tmp->next2;
+ tmp->next2 = tmp1;
+ if(skb->next2 != NULL)
+ skb->next2->prev = skb;
+ if(tmp->next2 != NULL)
+ tmp->next2->prev = tmp;
+ }else{
+ tmp->next2 = skb->next2;
+ if(tmp->next2 != NULL)
+ tmp->next2->prev = tmp;
+ skb->next2 = tmp;
+ tmp1 = skb->next;
+ skb->next = tmp->next;
+ tmp->next = tmp1;
+ if(skb->next != NULL)
+ skb->next->prev = skb;
+ if(tmp->next != NULL)
+ tmp->next->prev = tmp;
+ }
+ if(tmp->prev == NULL){
+ q->root = skb;
+ }else if(tmp->prev->next == tmp){
+ tmp->prev->next = skb;
+ }else{
+ tmp->prev->next2 = skb;
+ }
+ tmp->prev = skb;
+ }else
+ break;
+ }
+
+success:
+ q->heap_size++;
+ return NET_XMIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+struct sk_buff *netem_extract_heap(struct netem_sched_data *q)
+{
+ struct sk_buff *ret;
+ struct sk_buff *tmp;
+
+ ret = q->root;
+ if(ret == NULL) return NULL;
+
+ if(ret == q->end){
+ q->root = NULL;
+ q->end = NULL;
+ goto success;
+ }
+
+ tmp = q->end;
+ //Note that the pointer next is left and next2 is right.
+ while(tmp->prev != NULL && tmp == tmp->prev->next) tmp = tmp->prev;
+ if(tmp->prev == NULL){
+ //Also now, tmp == q->root
+ while(tmp->next2 != NULL) tmp = tmp->next2;
+ }else{
+ tmp = tmp->prev->next;
+ while(tmp->next2 != NULL) tmp = tmp->next2;
+ }
+ //tmp is now the new "q->end" unless it is the one being returned.
+ //Splice out q->end and put it at q->root. Then sift it down.
+ q->root = q->end;
+ if(tmp != ret)
+ q->end = tmp;
+ //We know that q->root->next(2) are NULL
+ //To maintain correct tree (border case 3 nodes) first splice...
+ if(q->root->prev->next == q->root)
+ q->root->prev->next = NULL;
+ else
+ q->root->prev->next2 = NULL;
+ //... and then graft.
+ q->root->next = ret->next;
+ if(q->root->next != NULL)
+ q->root->next->prev = q->root;
+ q->root->next2 = ret->next2;
+ if(q->root->next2 != NULL)
+ q->root->next2->prev = q->root;
+ q->root->prev = NULL;
+ //The Siftdown operation from the root.
+ tmp = q->root;
+ while(!(tmp->next == NULL && tmp->next2 == NULL)){
+ struct sk_buff *tmp1;
+ struct sk_buff *tmp2;
+ if(tmp->next == NULL)
+ tmp1 = tmp->next2;
+ else if(tmp->next2 == NULL)
+ tmp1 = tmp->next;
+ else{
+ if(netem_time_less(tmp->next, tmp->next2))
+ tmp1 = tmp->next;
+ else
+ tmp1 = tmp->next2;
+ }
+ if(netem_time_less(tmp1, tmp)){
+ if(q->end == tmp1)
+ q->end = tmp;
+ tmp1->prev = tmp->prev;
+ if(tmp->next == tmp1){
+ tmp->next = tmp1->next;
+ if(tmp->next != NULL)
+ tmp->next->prev = tmp;
+ tmp1->next = tmp;
+ tmp2 = tmp1->next2;
+ tmp1->next2 = tmp->next2;
+ tmp->next2 = tmp2;
+ if(tmp1->next2 != NULL)
+ tmp1->next2->prev = tmp1;
+ if(tmp->next2 != NULL)
+ tmp->next2->prev = tmp;
+ }else{
+ tmp->next2 = tmp1->next2;
+ if(tmp->next2 != NULL)
+ tmp->next2->prev = tmp;
+ tmp1->next2 = tmp;
+ tmp2 = tmp1->next;
+ tmp1->next = tmp->next;
+ tmp->next = tmp2;
+ if(tmp1->next != NULL)
+ tmp1->next->prev = tmp1;
+ if(tmp->next != NULL)
+ tmp->next->prev = tmp;
+ }
+ if(tmp->prev == NULL){
+ q->root = tmp1;
+ }else if(tmp->prev->next == tmp){
+ tmp->prev->next = tmp1;
+ }else{
+ tmp->prev->next2 = tmp1;
+ }
+ tmp->prev = tmp1;
+ }else
+ break;
+ }
+success:
+ q->heap_size--;
+ ret->next = ret->next2 = ret->prev = NULL;
+ return ret;
+}
+
/*
* Insert one skb into qdisc.
* Note: parent depends on return value to account for queue length.
@@ -214,9 +462,14 @@ static int netem_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb,
struct Qdisc *sch)
&q->delay_cor, q->delay_dist);
PSCHED_GET_TIME(now);
PSCHED_TADD2(now, delay, cb->time_to_send);
++q->counter;
- ret = q->qdisc->enqueue(skb, q->qdisc);
+ //Insert in heap
+ ret = netem_insert_heap(skb, q);
} else {
/*
* Do re-ordering by putting one out of N packets at the front
@@ -224,7 +477,11 @@ static int netem_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb,
struct Qdisc *sch)
*/
PSCHED_GET_TIME(cb->time_to_send);
q->counter = 0;
- ret = q->qdisc->ops->requeue(skb, q->qdisc);
+
+ //Reordering is the same as insert_heap as we changed
the time for skb to now.
+ ret = netem_insert_heap(skb, q);
}
if (likely(ret == NET_XMIT_SUCCESS)) {
@@ -244,7 +501,8 @@ static int netem_requeue(struct sk_buff *skb,
struct Qdisc *sch)
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
int ret;
- if ((ret = q->qdisc->ops->requeue(skb, q->qdisc)) == 0) {
+ //Do a simple insert here as nothing else makes sense
+ if ((ret = netem_insert_heap(skb, q)) == 0) {
sch->q.qlen++;
sch->qstats.requeues++;
}
@@ -257,7 +515,13 @@ static unsigned int netem_drop(struct Qdisc* sch)
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
unsigned int len = 0;
- if (q->qdisc->ops->drop && (len = q->qdisc->ops->drop(q->qdisc)) != 0) {
+ //Drop a packet from the head of the heap
+ struct sk_buff *skb;
+ skb = netem_extract_heap(q);
+ len = 0;
+ if(skb != NULL){
+ len = skb->len;
+ kfree_skb(skb);
sch->q.qlen--;
sch->qstats.drops++;
}
@@ -269,7 +533,8 @@ static struct sk_buff *netem_dequeue(struct Qdisc *sch)
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
struct sk_buff *skb;
- skb = q->qdisc->dequeue(q->qdisc);
+ //peek into the heap
+ skb = q->root;
if (skb) {
const struct netem_skb_cb *cb
= (const struct netem_skb_cb *)skb->cb;
@@ -282,16 +547,12 @@ static struct sk_buff *netem_dequeue(struct Qdisc *sch)
pr_debug("netem_dequeue: return skb=%p\n", skb);
sch->q.qlen--;
sch->flags &= ~TCQ_F_THROTTLED;
+ netem_extract_heap(q);
return skb;
} else {
psched_tdiff_t delay =
PSCHED_TDIFF(cb->time_to_send, now);
- if (q->qdisc->ops->requeue(skb, q->qdisc) !=
NET_XMIT_SUCCESS) {
- qdisc_tree_decrease_qlen(q->qdisc, 1);
- sch->qstats.drops++;
- printk(KERN_ERR "netem: queue
discpline %s could not requeu
e\n",
- q->qdisc->ops->id);
- }
+ //Don't do anything (instead of requeuing)
mod_timer(&q->timer, jiffies + PSCHED_US2JIFFIE(delay));
sch->flags |= TCQ_F_THROTTLED;
@@ -314,34 +575,18 @@ static void netem_reset(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
- qdisc_reset(q->qdisc);
+ struct sk_buff *skb;
+ //purge all the packets (kfree_skb them)
+ while((skb = netem_extract_heap(q)) != NULL)
+ kfree_skb(skb);
+ //Take this oppurtunity to reset arrival count
+ q->num_arrivals = 0;
+
sch->q.qlen = 0;
sch->flags &= ~TCQ_F_THROTTLED;
del_timer_sync(&q->timer);
}
-/* Pass size change message down to embedded FIFO */
-static int set_fifo_limit(struct Qdisc *q, int limit)
-{
- struct rtattr *rta;
- int ret = -ENOMEM;
-
- /* Hack to avoid sending change message to non-FIFO */
- if (strncmp(q->ops->id + 1, "fifo", 4) != 0)
- return 0;
-
- rta = kmalloc(RTA_LENGTH(sizeof(struct tc_fifo_qopt)), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (rta) {
- rta->rta_type = RTM_NEWQDISC;
- rta->rta_len = RTA_LENGTH(sizeof(struct tc_fifo_qopt));
- ((struct tc_fifo_qopt *)RTA_DATA(rta))->limit = limit;
-
- ret = q->ops->change(q, rta);
- kfree(rta);
- }
- return ret;
-}
-
/*
* Distribution data is a variable size payload containing
* signed 16 bit values.
@@ -424,11 +669,6 @@ static int netem_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct
rtattr *opt)
return -EINVAL;
qopt = RTA_DATA(opt);
- ret = set_fifo_limit(q->qdisc, qopt->limit);
- if (ret) {
- pr_debug("netem: can't set fifo limit\n");
- return ret;
- }
q->latency = qopt->latency;
q->jitter = qopt->jitter;
@@ -571,17 +814,14 @@ static int netem_init(struct Qdisc *sch, struct
rtattr *opt)
q->timer.function = netem_watchdog;
q->timer.data = (unsigned long) sch;
- q->qdisc = qdisc_create_dflt(sch->dev, &tfifo_qdisc_ops,
- TC_H_MAKE(sch->handle, 1));
- if (!q->qdisc) {
- pr_debug("netem: qdisc create failed\n");
- return -ENOMEM;
- }
+ q->root = NULL;
+ q->end = NULL;
+ q->heap_size = 0;
+ q->num_arrivals = 0;
ret = netem_change(sch, opt);
if (ret) {
pr_debug("netem: change failed\n");
- qdisc_destroy(q->qdisc);
}
return ret;
}
@@ -591,7 +831,6 @@ static void netem_destroy(struct Qdisc *sch)
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
del_timer_sync(&q->timer);
- qdisc_destroy(q->qdisc);
kfree(q->delay_dist);
}
@@ -635,95 +874,8 @@ rtattr_failure:
return -1;
}
-static int netem_dump_class(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long cl,
- struct sk_buff *skb, struct tcmsg *tcm)
-{
- struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
-
- if (cl != 1) /* only one class */
- return -ENOENT;
-
- tcm->tcm_handle |= TC_H_MIN(1);
- tcm->tcm_info = q->qdisc->handle;
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-static int netem_graft(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long arg, struct Qdisc *new,
- struct Qdisc **old)
-{
- struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
-
- if (new == NULL)
- new = &noop_qdisc;
-
- sch_tree_lock(sch);
- *old = xchg(&q->qdisc, new);
- qdisc_tree_decrease_qlen(*old, (*old)->q.qlen);
- qdisc_reset(*old);
- sch_tree_unlock(sch);
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-static struct Qdisc *netem_leaf(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long arg)
-{
- struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
- return q->qdisc;
-}
-
-static unsigned long netem_get(struct Qdisc *sch, u32 classid)
-{
- return 1;
-}
-
-static void netem_put(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long arg)
-{
-}
-
-static int netem_change_class(struct Qdisc *sch, u32 classid, u32 parentid,
- struct rtattr **tca, unsigned long *arg)
-{
- return -ENOSYS;
-}
-
-static int netem_delete(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long arg)
-{
- return -ENOSYS;
-}
-
-static void netem_walk(struct Qdisc *sch, struct qdisc_walker *walker)
-{
- if (!walker->stop) {
- if (walker->count >= walker->skip)
- if (walker->fn(sch, 1, walker) < 0) {
- walker->stop = 1;
- return;
- }
- walker->count++;
- }
-}
-
-static struct tcf_proto **netem_find_tcf(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long cl)
-{
- return NULL;
-}
-
-static struct Qdisc_class_ops netem_class_ops = {
- .graft = netem_graft,
- .leaf = netem_leaf,
- .get = netem_get,
- .put = netem_put,
- .change = netem_change_class,
- .delete = netem_delete,
- .walk = netem_walk,
- .tcf_chain = netem_find_tcf,
- .dump = netem_dump_class,
-};
-
static struct Qdisc_ops netem_qdisc_ops = {
.id = "netem",
- .cl_ops = &netem_class_ops,
.priv_size = sizeof(struct netem_sched_data),
.enqueue = netem_enqueue,
.dequeue = netem_dequeue,
-
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