Date:	Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:00:07 -0800
From:	Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@...cle.com>
To:	sjur.brandeland@...ricsson.com
Cc:	netdev@...r.kernel.org, davem@...emloft.net, marcel@...tmann.org,
	stefano.babic@...ic.homelinux.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH net-next-2.6 12/13] net-caif: add CAIF documentation

On Wed, 20 Jan 2010 23:55:29 +0100 sjur.brandeland@...ricsson.com wrote:

> From: Sjur Braendeland <sjur.brandeland@...ricsson.com>
> 
> Documentation of the CAIF Protocol.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Sjur Braendeland <sjur.brandeland@...ricsson.com>
> ---
>  Documentation/networking/caif/Linux-CAIF.txt |  235 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  Documentation/networking/caif/README         |   27 +++
>  2 files changed, 262 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/networking/caif/Linux-CAIF.txt b/Documentation/networking/caif/Linux-CAIF.txt
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..5576e42
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/networking/caif/Linux-CAIF.txt
> @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
> +Linux CAIF
> +===========
> +copyright (C) ST-Ericsson AB 2010
> +Author: Sjur Brendeland/ sjur.brandeland@...ricsson.com
> +License terms: GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2
> +
> +
> +Introduction
> +------------
> +CAIF is a MUX protocol used by ST-Ericsson cellular modems for
> +communication between Modem and host. The host processes can open virtual AT
> +channels, initiate GPRS Data connections, Video channels and Utility Channels.
> +The Utility Channels are general purpose pipes between modem and host.
> +
> +ST-Ericsson modems support a number of transports between modem
> +and host. Currently, UART and Loopback are available for Linux.
> +
> +
> +Architecture:
> +------------
> +The implementation of CAIF is divided into:
> +* CAIF Socket Layer, Kernel API, and  Net Device.
> +* CAIF Generic Protocol Implementation
> +* CAIF Link Layer, implemented as NET devices.
> +
> +
> +  RTNL/IOCTL
> +   !
> +   !	 +------+   +------+   +------+
> +   !	+------+!  +------+!  +------+!
> +   !	! Sock !!  !Kernel!!  ! Net  !!
> +   !	! API  !+  ! API  !+  ! Dev  !+	  <- CAIF Client APIs
> +   !	+------+   +------!   +------+
> +   !	   !	      !		 !
> +   !	   +----------!----------+
> +   !		   +------+		  <- CAIF Protocol Implementation
> +   +------->	   ! CAIF !
> +		   +------+
> +	     +--------!--------+
> +	     !		       !
> +	  +------+	    +-----+
> +	  !Loop	 !	    ! TTY !	  <- Link Layer (Net Devices)
> +	  +------+	    +-----+
> +
> +
> +Using CAIF (IP) Net Device
> +----------------------
> +CAIF Net device can be created by use of Socket IOCTLs,
> +or RT Netlink.
> +
> +  static struct ifcaif_param param = {
> +    .ipv4_connid = 1,
> +    .loop = 0
> +  };
> +  static struct ifreq ifr = {
> +    .ifr_name = "caif%d",
> +    .ifr_ifru.ifru_data = &param
> +
> +  };
> +  s = socket(AF_CAIF, SOCK_SEQPACKET, CAIFPROTO_AT);
> +  ioctl(s, SIOCCAIFNETNEW, &ifr);
> +
> +
> +Using the Kernel API
> +----------------------
> +The Kernel API is used for accessing CAIF channels from the
> +kernel.
> +The user of the API has to implement two callbacks for receive
> +and control.
> +The receive callback gives a CAIF packet as a SKB. The control
> +callback will
> +notify of channel initialization complete, and flow-on/flow-
> +off.
> +
> +
> +  struct caif_device caif_dev = {
> +    .caif_config = {
> +     .name = "MYDEV"
> +     .type = CAIF_CHTY_AT
> +    }
> +   .receive_cb = my_receive,
> +   .control_cb = my_control,
> +  };
> +  caif_add_device(&caif_dev);
> +  caif_transmit(&caif_dev, skb);
> +
> +See the caif_kernel.h for details about the CAIF kernel API.
> +
> +
> +I M P L E M E N T A T I O N
> +===========================
> +===========================
> +
> +Generic CAIF Protocol Layer
> +=========================================
> +
> +caif/generic is a generic CAIF protocol implementation. It implements the CAIF
> +protocol as defined by ST-Ericsson.
> +It implements the CAIF protocol stack in a layered approach, where
> +each layer described in the specification is implemented as a separate layer.
> +The architecture is inspired by the design patterns "Protocol Layer" and
> +"Protocol Packet".
> +
> +== CAIF structure ==
> +
> +The goal is to have generic CAIF as OS and system independent as possible.
> +All generic CAIF code can be found under net/caif/generic and
> +include/net/caif/generic.
> +
> +The generic CAIF implementation is:
> +      -	Simple implementation of CAIF.
> +      -	Layered architecture (a la Streams), each layer in the CAIF
> +	specification is implemented in a separate c-file.
> +      -	Clients must implement PHY layer to access physical HW
> +	with receive and transmit functions.
> +      -	Clients must call configuration function to add PHY layer.
> +      -	Clients must implement adaptation layer to consume/produce
> +	CAIF payload with receive and transmit functions.
> +      -	Clients must call configuration function to add adaptation
> +	layer.
> +      - When receiving / transmitting CAIF Packets (cfpkt), ownership is passed
> +	to the called function (except for framing layers' receive functions
> +	or if a transmit function returns an error, in which case the caller
> +	must free the packet).
> +
> +Layered Architecture
> +--------------------
> +The CAIF protocol can be divided into two parts: Support functions and Protocol
> +Implementation. The support functions include:
> +
> +      - CFPKT CAIF Packet. Implementation of CAIF Protocol Packet. The
> +	CAIF Packet has functions for creating, destroying and adding content
> +	and for adding/extracting header and trailers to protocol packets.
> +
> +      - CFLST CAIF list implementation.
> +
> +      - CFGLUE CAIF Glue. Contains OS Specifics, such as memory
> +	allocation, endianness, etc.
> +
> +The CAIF Protocol implementation contains:
> +
> +      - CFCNFG CAIF Configuration layer. Configures the CAIF Protocol
> +	Stack and has a Client interface for adding Link-Layer and
> +	Driver interfaces on top of the CAIF Stack.
> +
> +      - CFCTRL CAIF Control layer. Encodes and Decodes control messages
> +	such as enumeration and channel setup. Also matches request and
> +	response messages.
> +
> +      - CFSERVL General CAIF Service Layer functionality; handles flow
> +	control and remote shutdown requests.
> +
> +      - CFVEI CAIF VEI layer. Handles CAIF VEI layer (AT-Channel),
> +	encodes/decodes VEI frames.
> +

What is VEI?

> +      - CFDGML CAIF Data-gram layer. Handles CAIF Data-gram layer (IP
> +	traffic), encodes/decodes Datagram frames.

Drop the '-' in data-gram.  Just use "datagram".

> +
> +      - CFMUX CAIF Mux layer. Handles multiplexing between multiple
> +	physical bearers and multiple channels such as VEI, Datagram, etc.
> +	The MUX keeps track of the existing CAIF Channels and
> +	Physical Instances and selects the apropriate instance based
> +	on Channel-Id and Physical-ID.
> +
> +      - CFFRML CAIF Framing layer. Handles Framing i.e. Frame length
> +	and frame checksum.
> +
> +      - CFSERL CAIF Serial layer. Handles concatenation/split of frames
> +	into CAIF Frames with correct length.
> +
> +
> +
> +		    +---------+
> +		    | Config  |
> +		    | CFCNFG  |
> +		    +---------+
> +			 !
> +    +---------+	    +---------+	    +---------+
> +    |	AT    |	    | Control |	    | Datagram|
> +    | CFVEIL  |	    | CFCTRL  |	    | CFDGML  |
> +    +---------+	    +---------+	    +---------+
> +	   \_____________!______________/
> +			 !
> +		    +---------+
> +		    |	MUX   |
> +		    |	      |
> +		    +---------+
> +		    _____!_____
> +		   /	       \
> +	    +---------+	    +---------+
> +	    | CFFRML  |	    | CFFRML  |
> +	    | Framing |	    | Framing |
> +	    +---------+	    +---------+
> +		 !		!
> +	    +---------+	    +---------+
> +	    |         |	    | Serial  |
> +	    |	      |	    | CFSERL  |
> +	    +---------+	    +---------+
> +
> +
> +In this layered approach the following "rules" applies.

                                                  apply:

> +      - All layers embedd the same structure "struct layer"

	              embed

> +      - A layer does not depend on any other layer's private data.
> +      - Layers are stacked by setting the pointers
> +		  layer->up , layer->dn
> +      -	In order to send data upwards, each layer should do
> +		 layer->up->receive(layer->up, packet);
> +      - In order to send data downwards, each layer should do
> +		 layer->dn->transmit(layer->dn, packet);
> +
> +
> +Linux Driver Implementation
> +===========================
> +
> +Linux GPRS Net Device and CAIF socket are implemented on top of the
> +Generic CAIF protocol. The Net device and CAIF socket have an instance of
> +'struct layer', just like the generic CAIF protocol stack.
> +Net device and Socket implement the 'receive()' function defined by
> +'struct layer', just like the rest of the CAIF stack. In this way, transmit and
> +receive of packets is handled as by the rest of the layers: the 'dn->transmit()'
> +function is called in order to transmit data.
> +
> +The layer on top of the generic CAIF implementation is
> +sometimes refered to as the "adaptation layer".

             referred

> +
> +
> +Configuration of Link Layer
> +---------------------------
> +The Link Layer is implemented as Linux net devices (struct net_device).
> +Payload handling and registration is done using standard Linux mecanisms.

                                                                  mechanisms.

> +
> +The CAIF Protocol relies on a lossless link layer without implementing
> +retransmission. This implies that packet drops must not happen.
> +Therefor a flow-control mecanism is implemented where the physical

   Therefore a flow-control mechanism

> +interface can initiate flow stop for all CAIF Channels.


---
~Randy
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