netdev - Re: Ottawa and slow hash-table resize

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Date:	Mon, 23 Feb 2015 14:37:20 -0800
From:	"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>
To:	Alexei Starovoitov <alexei.starovoitov@...il.com>
Cc:	Thomas Graf <tgraf@...g.ch>, Josh Triplett <josh@...htriplett.org>,
	Herbert Xu <herbert@...dor.apana.org.au>,
	Patrick McHardy <kaber@...sh.net>,
	"David S. Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>, ying.xue@...driver.com,
	"netdev@...r.kernel.org" <netdev@...r.kernel.org>,
	netfilter-devel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: Ottawa and slow hash-table resize

On Mon, Feb 23, 2015 at 02:17:06PM -0800, Alexei Starovoitov wrote:
> On Mon, Feb 23, 2015 at 1:52 PM, Paul E. McKenney
> <paulmck@...ux.vnet.ibm.com> wrote:
> > On Mon, Feb 23, 2015 at 09:03:58PM +0000, Thomas Graf wrote:
> >> On 02/23/15 at 11:12am, josh@...htriplett.org wrote:
> >> > In theory, resizes should only take the locks for the buckets they're
> >> > currently unzipping, and adds should take those same locks.  Neither one
> >> > should take a whole-table lock, other than resize excluding concurrent
> >> > resizes.  Is that still insufficient?
> >>
> >> Correct, this is what happens. The problem is basically that
> >> if we insert from atomic context we cannot slow down inserts
> >> and the table may not grow quickly enough.
> >>
> >> > Yeah, the add/remove statistics used for tracking would need some
> >> > special handling to avoid being a table-wide bottleneck.
> >>
> >> Daniel is working on a patch to do per-cpu element counting
> >> with a batched update cycle.
> >
> > One approach is simply to count only when a resize operation is in
> > flight.  Another is to keep a per-bucket count, which can be summed
> > at the beginning of the next resize operation.
> 
> I'm not sure all of these counting optimizations will help at the end.
> Say we have a small table. A lot of inserts are coming in at the same
> time. rhashtable_expand kicks in and all new inserts are going
> into future table, while expansion is happening.
> Since expand will kick in quickly the old table will not have long
> chains per bucket, so few unzips and corresponding
> synchronize_rcu and we're done with expand.
> Now future table becomes the only table, but it still has a lot
> of entries, since insertions were happening and this table has
> long per bucket chains, so next expand will have a lot of
> synchronize_rcu and will take very long time.
> So whether we count while inserting or not and whether
> we grow by 2x or grow by 8x we still have an underlying
> problem of very large number of synchronize_rcu.
> Malicious user that knows this can stall the whole system.
> Please tell me I'm missing something.

It is quite possible that you are missing nothing, but the hope is
that by growing by larger factors, we reduce the lengths of the chains
in the new table, thus limiting the slowdown on subsequent resizes.

If worst comes to worst, of course, there are a couple of other
RCU protected resizable hash tables.

							Thanx, Paul

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