Message-Id: <20180502110136.3738-1-bjorn.topel@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed,  2 May 2018 13:01:21 +0200
From:   Björn Töpel <bjorn.topel@...il.com>
To:     bjorn.topel@...il.com, magnus.karlsson@...el.com,
        alexander.h.duyck@...el.com, alexander.duyck@...il.com,
        john.fastabend@...il.com, ast@...com, brouer@...hat.com,
        willemdebruijn.kernel@...il.com, daniel@...earbox.net,
        mst@...hat.com, netdev@...r.kernel.org
Cc:     Björn Töpel <bjorn.topel@...el.com>,
        michael.lundkvist@...csson.com, jesse.brandeburg@...el.com,
        anjali.singhai@...el.com, qi.z.zhang@...el.com
Subject: [PATCH bpf-next v3 00/15] Introducing AF_XDP support

From: Björn Töpel <bjorn.topel@...el.com>

This patch set introduces a new address family called AF_XDP that is
optimized for high performance packet processing and, in upcoming
patch sets, zero-copy semantics. In this patch set, we have removed
all zero-copy related code in order to make it smaller, simpler and
hopefully more review friendly. This patch set only supports copy-mode
for the generic XDP path (XDP_SKB) for both RX and TX and copy-mode
for RX using the XDP_DRV path. Zero-copy support requires XDP and
driver changes that Jesper Dangaard Brouer is working on. Some of his
work has already been accepted. We will publish our zero-copy support
for RX and TX on top of his patch sets at a later point in time.

An AF_XDP socket (XSK) is created with the normal socket()
syscall. Associated with each XSK are two queues: the RX queue and the
TX queue. A socket can receive packets on the RX queue and it can send
packets on the TX queue. These queues are registered and sized with
the setsockopts XDP_RX_RING and XDP_TX_RING, respectively. It is
mandatory to have at least one of these queues for each socket. In
contrast to AF_PACKET V2/V3 these descriptor queues are separated from
packet buffers. An RX or TX descriptor points to a data buffer in a
memory area called a UMEM. RX and TX can share the same UMEM so that a
packet does not have to be copied between RX and TX. Moreover, if a
packet needs to be kept for a while due to a possible retransmit, the
descriptor that points to that packet can be changed to point to
another and reused right away. This again avoids copying data.

This new dedicated packet buffer area is call a UMEM. It consists of a
number of equally size frames and each frame has a unique frame id. A
descriptor in one of the queues references a frame by referencing its
frame id. The user space allocates memory for this UMEM using whatever
means it feels is most appropriate (malloc, mmap, huge pages,
etc). This memory area is then registered with the kernel using the new
setsockopt XDP_UMEM_REG. The UMEM also has two queues: the FILL queue
and the COMPLETION queue. The fill queue is used by the application to
send down frame ids for the kernel to fill in with RX packet
data. References to these frames will then appear in the RX queue of
the XSK once they have been received. The completion queue, on the
other hand, contains frame ids that the kernel has transmitted
completely and can now be used again by user space, for either TX or
RX. Thus, the frame ids appearing in the completion queue are ids that
were previously transmitted using the TX queue. In summary, the RX and
FILL queues are used for the RX path and the TX and COMPLETION queues
are used for the TX path.

The socket is then finally bound with a bind() call to a device and a
specific queue id on that device, and it is not until bind is
completed that traffic starts to flow. Note that in this patch set,
all packet data is copied out to user-space.

A new feature in this patch set is that the UMEM can be shared between
processes, if desired. If a process wants to do this, it simply skips
the registration of the UMEM and its corresponding two queues, sets a
flag in the bind call and submits the XSK of the process it would like
to share UMEM with as well as its own newly created XSK socket. The
new process will then receive frame id references in its own RX queue
that point to this shared UMEM. Note that since the queue structures
are single-consumer / single-producer (for performance reasons), the
new process has to create its own socket with associated RX and TX
queues, since it cannot share this with the other process. This is
also the reason that there is only one set of FILL and COMPLETION
queues per UMEM. It is the responsibility of a single process to
handle the UMEM. If multiple-producer / multiple-consumer queues are
implemented in the future, this requirement could be relaxed.

How is then packets distributed between these two XSK? We have
introduced a new BPF map called XSKMAP (or BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP in
full). The user-space application can place an XSK at an arbitrary
place in this map. The XDP program can then redirect a packet to a
specific index in this map and at this point XDP validates that the
XSK in that map was indeed bound to that device and queue number. If
not, the packet is dropped. If the map is empty at that index, the
packet is also dropped. This also means that it is currently mandatory
to have an XDP program loaded (and one XSK in the XSKMAP) to be able
to get any traffic to user space through the XSK.

AF_XDP can operate in two different modes: XDP_SKB and XDP_DRV. If the
driver does not have support for XDP, or XDP_SKB is explicitly chosen
when loading the XDP program, XDP_SKB mode is employed that uses SKBs
together with the generic XDP support and copies out the data to user
space. A fallback mode that works for any network device. On the other
hand, if the driver has support for XDP, it will be used by the AF_XDP
code to provide better performance, but there is still a copy of the
data into user space.

There is a xdpsock benchmarking/test application included that
demonstrates how to use AF_XDP sockets with both private and shared
UMEMs. Say that you would like your UDP traffic from port 4242 to end
up in queue 16, that we will enable AF_XDP on. Here, we use ethtool
for this:

      ethtool -N p3p2 rx-flow-hash udp4 fn
      ethtool -N p3p2 flow-type udp4 src-port 4242 dst-port 4242 \
          action 16

Running the rxdrop benchmark in XDP_DRV mode can then be done
using:

      samples/bpf/xdpsock -i p3p2 -q 16 -r -N

For XDP_SKB mode, use the switch "-S" instead of "-N" and all options
can be displayed with "-h", as usual.

We have run some benchmarks on a dual socket system with two Broadwell
E5 2660 @ 2.0 GHz with hyperthreading turned off. Each socket has 14
cores which gives a total of 28, but only two cores are used in these
experiments. One for TR/RX and one for the user space application. The
memory is DDR4 @ 2133 MT/s (1067 MHz) and the size of each DIMM is
8192MB and with 8 of those DIMMs in the system we have 64 GB of total
memory. The compiler used is gcc (Ubuntu 7.3.0-16ubuntu3) 7.3.0. The
NIC is Intel I40E 40Gbit/s using the i40e driver.

Below are the results in Mpps of the I40E NIC benchmark runs for 64
and 1500 byte packets, generated by a commercial packet generator HW
outputing packets at full 40 Gbit/s line rate. The results are without
retpoline so that we can compare against previous numbers. With
retpoline, the AF_XDP numbers drop with between 10 - 15 percent.

AF_XDP performance 64 byte packets. Results from V2 in parenthesis.
Benchmark   XDP_SKB   XDP_DRV
rxdrop       2.9(3.0)   9.6(9.5)  
txpush       2.6(2.5)   NA*
l2fwd        1.9(1.9)   2.5(2.5) (TX using XDP_SKB in both cases)

AF_XDP performance 1500 byte packets:
Benchmark   XDP_SKB   XDP_DRV
rxdrop       2.1(2.2)   3.3(3.3)  
l2fwd        1.4(1.4)   1.8(1.8) (TX using XDP_SKB in both cases)

* NA since we have no support for TX using the XDP_DRV infrastructure
  in this patch set. This is for a future patch set since it involves
  changes to the XDP NDOs. Some of this has been upstreamed by Jesper
  Dangaard Brouer.

XDP performance on our system as a base line:

64 byte packets:
XDP stats       CPU     pps         issue-pps
XDP-RX CPU      16      32.3(32.9)M  0

1500 byte packets:
XDP stats       CPU     pps         issue-pps
XDP-RX CPU      16      3.3(3.3)M    0

Changes from V2:

* Fixed a race in XSKMAP map found by Will. The code has been
  completely rearchitected and is now simpler, faster, and hopefully
  also not racy. Please review and check if it holds.

If you would like to diff V2 against V3, you can find them here:
https://github.com/bjoto/linux/tree/af-xdp-v2-on-bpf-next
https://github.com/bjoto/linux/tree/af-xdp-v3-on-bpf-next

The structure of the patch set is as follows:

Patches 1-3: Basic socket and umem plumbing 
Patches 4-9: RX support together with the new XSKMAP
Patches 10-13: TX support
Patch 14: Statistics support with getsockopt()
Patch 15: Sample application

We based this patch set on bpf-next commit a3fe1f6f2ada ("tools:
bpftool: change time format for program 'loaded at:' information")

To do for this patch set:

* Syzkaller torture session being worked on

Post-series plan:

* Optimize performance

* Kernel selftest

* Kernel load module support of AF_XDP would be nice. Unclear how to
  achieve this though since our XDP code depends on net/core.

* Support for AF_XDP sockets without an XPD program loaded. In this
  case all the traffic on a queue should go up to the user space socket.

* Daniel Borkmann's suggestion for a "copy to XDP socket, and return
  XDP_PASS" for a tcpdump-like functionality.

* And of course getting to zero-copy support in small increments,
  starting with TX then adding RX. 

Thanks: Björn and Magnus

Björn Töpel (7):
  net: initial AF_XDP skeleton
  xsk: add user memory registration support sockopt
  xsk: add Rx queue setup and mmap support
  xsk: add Rx receive functions and poll support
  bpf: introduce new bpf AF_XDP map type BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP
  xsk: wire up XDP_DRV side of AF_XDP
  xsk: wire up XDP_SKB side of AF_XDP

Magnus Karlsson (8):
  xsk: add umem fill queue support and mmap
  xsk: add support for bind for Rx
  xsk: add umem completion queue support and mmap
  xsk: add Tx queue setup and mmap support
  dev: packet: make packet_direct_xmit a common function
  xsk: support for Tx
  xsk: statistics support
  samples/bpf: sample application and documentation for AF_XDP sockets

 Documentation/networking/af_xdp.rst | 297 +++++++++++
 Documentation/networking/index.rst  |   1 +
 MAINTAINERS                         |   8 +
 include/linux/bpf.h                 |  25 +
 include/linux/bpf_types.h           |   3 +
 include/linux/filter.h              |   2 +-
 include/linux/netdevice.h           |   1 +
 include/linux/socket.h              |   5 +-
 include/net/xdp.h                   |   1 +
 include/net/xdp_sock.h              |  66 +++
 include/uapi/linux/bpf.h            |   1 +
 include/uapi/linux/if_xdp.h         |  87 ++++
 kernel/bpf/Makefile                 |   3 +
 kernel/bpf/verifier.c               |   8 +-
 kernel/bpf/xskmap.c                 | 239 +++++++++
 net/Kconfig                         |   1 +
 net/Makefile                        |   1 +
 net/core/dev.c                      |  73 ++-
 net/core/filter.c                   |  40 +-
 net/core/sock.c                     |  12 +-
 net/core/xdp.c                      |  15 +-
 net/packet/af_packet.c              |  42 +-
 net/xdp/Kconfig                     |   7 +
 net/xdp/Makefile                    |   2 +
 net/xdp/xdp_umem.c                  | 260 ++++++++++
 net/xdp/xdp_umem.h                  |  67 +++
 net/xdp/xdp_umem_props.h            |  23 +
 net/xdp/xsk.c                       | 656 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 net/xdp/xsk_queue.c                 |  73 +++
 net/xdp/xsk_queue.h                 | 247 ++++++++++
 samples/bpf/Makefile                |   4 +
 samples/bpf/xdpsock.h               |  11 +
 samples/bpf/xdpsock_kern.c          |  56 +++
 samples/bpf/xdpsock_user.c          | 948 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 security/selinux/hooks.c            |   4 +-
 security/selinux/include/classmap.h |   4 +-
 36 files changed, 3221 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/networking/af_xdp.rst
 create mode 100644 include/net/xdp_sock.h
 create mode 100644 include/uapi/linux/if_xdp.h
 create mode 100644 kernel/bpf/xskmap.c
 create mode 100644 net/xdp/Kconfig
 create mode 100644 net/xdp/Makefile
 create mode 100644 net/xdp/xdp_umem.c
 create mode 100644 net/xdp/xdp_umem.h
 create mode 100644 net/xdp/xdp_umem_props.h
 create mode 100644 net/xdp/xsk.c
 create mode 100644 net/xdp/xsk_queue.c
 create mode 100644 net/xdp/xsk_queue.h
 create mode 100644 samples/bpf/xdpsock.h
 create mode 100644 samples/bpf/xdpsock_kern.c
 create mode 100644 samples/bpf/xdpsock_user.c

-- 
2.14.1

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