Date:   Fri, 2 Nov 2018 10:43:26 -0500
From:   Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...hat.com>
To:     Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>
Cc:     Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@...har.com>,
        "Naveen N. Rao" <naveen.n.rao@...ux.vnet.ibm.com>,
        Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@...el.com>,
        "David S. Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>,
        Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...nel.org>,
        Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
        Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@...nel.org>,
        Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@...ux.intel.com>,
        Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...hat.com>,
        Namhyung Kim <namhyung@...nel.org>,
        Shuah Khan <shuah@...nel.org>,
        Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>,
        Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>,
        Brendan Gregg <bgregg@...flix.com>,
        Christian Brauner <christian@...uner.io>,
        Aleksa Sarai <asarai@...e.de>, netdev@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-doc@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-kselftest@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3 1/2] kretprobe: produce sane stack traces

On Fri, Nov 02, 2018 at 09:16:58AM -0400, Steven Rostedt wrote:
> On Fri, 2 Nov 2018 17:59:32 +1100
> Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@...har.com> wrote:
> 
> > As an aside, I just tested with the frame unwinder and it isn't thrown
> > off-course by kretprobe_trampoline (though obviously the stack is still
> > wrong). So I think we just need to hook into the ORC unwinder to get it
> > to continue skipping up the stack, as well as add the rewriting code for
> > the stack traces (for all unwinders I guess -- though ideally we should
> 
> I agree that this is the right solution.

Sounds good to me.

However, it would be *really* nice if function graph and kretprobes
shared the same infrastructure, like they do for function entry.
There's a lot of duplicated effort there.

> > do this without having to add the same code to every architecture).
> 
> True, and there's an art to consolidating the code between
> architectures.
> 
> I'm currently looking at function graph and seeing if I can consolidate
> it too. And I'm also trying to get multiple uses to hook into its
> infrastructure. I think I finally figured out a way to do so.
> 
> The reason it is difficult, is that you need to maintain state between
> the entry of a function and the exit for each task and callback that is
> registered. Hence, it's a 3x tuple (function stack, task, callbacks).
> And this must be maintained with preemption. A task may sleep for
> minutes, and the state needs to be retained.
> 
> The only state that must be retained is the function stack with the
> task, because if that gets out of sync, the system crashes. But the
> callback state can be removed.
> 
> Here's what is there now:
> 
>  When something is registered with the function graph tracer, every
>  task gets a shadowed stack. A hook is added to fork to add shadow
>  stacks to new tasks. Once a shadow stack is added to a task, that
>  shadow stack is never removed until the task exits.
> 
>  When the function is entered, the real return code is stored in the
>  shadow stack and the trampoline address is put in its place.
> 
>  On return, the trampoline is called, and it will pop off the return
>  code from the shadow stack and return to that.
> 
> The issue with multiple users, is that different users may want to
> trace different functions. On entry, the user could say it doesn't want
> to trace the current function, and the return part must not be called
> on exit. Keeping track of which user needs the return called is the
> tricky part.
> 
> Here's what I plan on implementing:
> 
>  Along with a shadow stack, I was going to add a 4096 byte (one page)
>  array that holds 64 8 byte masks to every task as well. This will allow
>  64 simultaneous users (which is rather extreme). If we need to support
>  more, we could allocate another page for all tasks. The 8 byte mask
>  will represent each depth (allowing to do this for 64 function call
>  stack depth, which should also be enough).
> 
>  Each user will be assigned one of the masks. Each bit in the mask
>  represents the depth of the shadow stack. When a function is called,
>  each user registered with the function graph tracer will get called
>  (if they asked to be called for this function, via the ftrace_ops
>  hashes) and if they want to trace the function, then the bit is set in
>  the mask for that stack depth.
> 
>  When the function exits the function and we pop off the return code
>  from the shadow stack, we then look at all the bits set for the
>  corresponding users, and call their return callbacks, and ignore
>  anything that is not set.
> 
> 
> When a user is unregistered, it the corresponding bits that represent
> it are cleared, and it the return callback will not be called. But the
> tasks being traced will still have their shadow stack to allow it to
> get back to normal.
> 
> I'll hopefully have a prototype ready by plumbers.

Why do we need multiple users?  It would be a lot simpler if we could
just enforce a single user per fgraphed/kretprobed function (and return
-EBUSY if it's already being traced/probed).

> And this too will require each architecture to probably change. As a
> side project to this, I'm going to try to consolidate the function
> graph code among all the architectures as well. Not an easy task.

Do you mean implementing HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR for all the
arches?  If so, I think have an old crusty patch which attempted to
that.  I could try to dig it up if you're interested.

-- 
Josh

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