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Date: Wed, 22 May 2019 19:54:56 +0100
From: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@...ronome.com>
To: alexei.starovoitov@...il.com, daniel@...earbox.net
Cc: bpf@...r.kernel.org, netdev@...r.kernel.org,
oss-drivers@...ronome.com, davem@...emloft.net,
paul.burton@...s.com, udknight@...il.com, zlim.lnx@...il.com,
illusionist.neo@...il.com, naveen.n.rao@...ux.ibm.com,
sandipan@...ux.ibm.com, schwidefsky@...ibm.com,
heiko.carstens@...ibm.com, jakub.kicinski@...ronome.com,
Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@...ronome.com>
Subject: [PATCH v7 bpf-next 00/16] bpf: eliminate zero extensions for sub-register writes
v7:
- Drop the first patch in v6, the one adding 32-bit return value and
argument type. (Alexei)
- Rename bpf_jit_hardware_zext to bpf_jit_needs_zext. (Alexei)
- Use mov32 with imm == 1 to indicate it is zext. (Alexei)
- JIT back-ends peephole next insn to optimize out unnecessary zext
inserted by verifier. (Alexei)
- Testing:
+ patch set tested (bpf selftest) on x64 host with llvm 9.0
no regression observed no both JIT and interpreter modes.
+ patch set tested (bpf selftest) on x32 host.
By Yanqing Wang, thanks!
no regression observed on both JIT and interpreter modes.
+ patch set tested (bpf selftest) on RV64 host with llvm 9.0,
By Björn Töpel, thanks!
no regression observed before and after this set with JIT_ALWAYS_ON.
test_progs_32 also enabled as LLVM 9.0 is used by Björn.
+ cross compiled the other affected targets, arm, PowerPC, SPARC, S390.
v6:
- Fixed s390 kbuild test robot error. (kbuild)
- Make comment style in backends patches more consistent.
v5:
- Adjusted several test_verifier helpers to make them works on hosts
w and w/o hardware zext. (Naveen)
- Make sure zext flag not set when verifier by-passed, for example,
libtest_bpf.ko. (Naveen)
- Conservatively mark bpf main return value as 64-bit. (Alexei)
- Make sure read flag is either READ64 or READ32, not the mix of both.
(Alexei)
- Merged patch 1 and 2 in v4. (Alexei)
- Fixed kbuild test robot warning on NFP. (kbuild)
- Proposed new BPF_ZEXT insn to have optimal code-gen for various JIT
back-ends.
- Conservately set zext flags for patched-insn.
- Fixed return value zext for helper function calls.
- Also adjusted test_verifier scalability unit test to avoid triggerring
too many insn patch which will hang computer.
- re-tested on x86 host with llvm 9.0, no regression on test_verifier,
test_progs, test_progs_32.
- re-tested offload target (nfp), no regression on local testsuite.
v4:
- added the two missing fixes which addresses two Jakub's reviewes in v3.
- rebase on top of bpf-next.
v3:
- remove redundant check in "propagate_liveness_reg". (Jakub)
- add extra check in "mark_reg_read" to prune more search. (Jakub)
- re-implemented "prog_flags" passing mechanism, removed use of
global switch inside libbpf.
- enabled high 32-bit randomization beyond "test_verifier" and
"test_progs". Now it should have been enabled for all possible
tests. Re-run all tests, haven't noticed regression.
- remove RFC tag.
v2:
- rebased on top of bpf-next master.
- added comments for what is sub-register def index. (Edward, Alexei)
- removed patch 1 which turns bit mask from enum to macro. (Alexei)
- removed sysctl/bpf_jit_32bit_opt. (Alexei)
- merged sub-register def insn index into reg state. (Alexei)
- change test methodology (Alexei):
+ instead of simple unit tests on x86_64 for which this optimization
doesn't enabled due to there is hardware support, poison high
32-bit for whose def identified as safe to do so. this could let
the correctness of this patch set checked when daily bpf selftest
ran which delivers very stressful test on host machine like x86_64.
+ hi32 poisoning is gated by a new BPF_F_TEST_RND_HI32 prog flags.
+ BPF_F_TEST_RND_HI32 is enabled for all tests of "test_progs" and
"test_verifier", the latter needs minor tweak on two unit tests,
please see the patch for the change.
+ introduced a new global variable "libbpf_test_mode" into libbpf.
once it is set to true, it will set BPF_F_TEST_RND_HI32 for all the
later PROG_LOAD syscall, the goal is to easy the enable of hi32
poison on exsiting testsuite.
we could also introduce new APIs, for example "bpf_prog_test_load",
then use -Dbpf_prog_load=bpf_prog_test_load to migrate tests under
test_progs, but there are several load APIs, and such new API need
some change on struture like "struct bpf_prog_load_attr".
+ removed old unit tests. it is based on insn scan and requires quite
a few test_verifier generic code change. given hi32 randomization
could offer good test coverage, the unit tests doesn't add much
extra test value.
- enhanced register width check ("is_reg64") when record sub-register
write, now, it returns more accurate width.
- Re-run all tests under "test_progs" and "test_verifier" on x86_64, no
regression. Fixed a couple of bugs exposed:
1. ctx field size transformation was not taken into account.
2. insn patch could cause lost of original aux data which is
important for ctx field conversion.
3. return value for propagate_liveness was wrong and caused
regression on processed insn number.
4. helper call arg wasn't handled properly that path prune may cause
64-bit read info in pruned path lost.
- Re-run Cilium bpf prog for processed-insn-number benchmarking, no
regression.
v1:
- Fixed the missing handling on callee-saved for bpf-to-bpf call,
sub-register defs therefore moved to frame state. (Jakub Kicinski)
- Removed redundant "cross_reg". (Jakub Kicinski)
- Various coding styles & grammar fixes. (Jakub Kicinski, Quentin Monnet)
eBPF ISA specification requires high 32-bit cleared when low 32-bit
sub-register is written. This applies to destination register of ALU32 etc.
JIT back-ends must guarantee this semantic when doing code-gen. x86_64 and
AArch64 ISA has the same semantics, so the corresponding JIT back-end
doesn't need to do extra work.
However, 32-bit arches (arm, x86, nfp etc.) and some other 64-bit arches
(PowerPC, SPARC etc) need to do explicit zero extension to meet this
requirement, otherwise code like the following will fail.
u64_value = (u64) u32_value
... other uses of u64_value
This is because compiler could exploit the semantic described above and
save those zero extensions for extending u32_value to u64_value, these JIT
back-ends are expected to guarantee this through inserting extra zero
extensions which however could be a significant increase on the code size.
Some benchmarks show there could be ~40% sub-register writes out of total
insns, meaning at least ~40% extra code-gen.
One observation is these extra zero extensions are not always necessary.
Take above code snippet for example, it is possible u32_value will never be
casted into a u64, the value of high 32-bit of u32_value then could be
ignored and extra zero extension could be eliminated.
This patch implements this idea, insns defining sub-registers will be
marked when the high 32-bit of the defined sub-register matters. For
those unmarked insns, it is safe to eliminate high 32-bit clearnace for
them.
Algo
====
We could use insn scan based static analysis to tell whether one
sub-register def doesn't need zero extension. However, using such static
analysis, we must do conservative assumption at branching point where
multiple uses could be introduced. So, for any sub-register def that is
active at branching point, we need to mark it as needing zero extension.
This could introducing quite a few false alarms, for example ~25% on
Cilium bpf_lxc.
It will be far better to use dynamic data-flow tracing which verifier
fortunately already has and could be easily extend to serve the purpose of
this patch set.
- Split read flags into READ32 and READ64.
- Record index of insn that does sub-register write. Keep the index inside
reg state and update it during verifier insn walking.
- A full register read on a sub-register marks its definition insn as
needing zero extension on dst register.
A new sub-register write overrides the old one.
- When propagating read64 during path pruning, also mark any insn defining
a sub-register that is read in the pruned path as full-register.
Benchmark
=========
- I estimate the JITed image could be 15% ~ 30% smaller on these affected
arches (nfp, arm, x32, risv, ppc, sparc, s390), depending on the prog.
- For Cilium bpf_lxc, there is ~11500 insns in the compiled binary (use
latest LLVM snapshot, and with -mcpu=v3 -mattr=+alu32 enabled), 4460 of
them has sub-register writes (~40%). Calculated by:
cat dump | grep -P "\tw" | wc -l (ALU32)
cat dump | grep -P "r.*=.*u32" | wc -l (READ_W)
cat dump | grep -P "r.*=.*u16" | wc -l (READ_H)
cat dump | grep -P "r.*=.*u8" | wc -l (READ_B)
After this patch set enabled, more than half of those 4460 could be
identified as doesn't needing zero extension on the destination, this
could lead significant save on JITed image.
Jiong Wang (16):
bpf: verifier: mark verified-insn with sub-register zext flag
bpf: verifier: mark patched-insn with sub-register zext flag
bpf: introduce new mov32 variant for doing explicit zero extension
bpf: verifier: insert zero extension according to analysis result
bpf: introduce new bpf prog load flags "BPF_F_TEST_RND_HI32"
bpf: verifier: randomize high 32-bit when BPF_F_TEST_RND_HI32 is set
libbpf: add "prog_flags" to
bpf_program/bpf_prog_load_attr/bpf_load_program_attr
selftests: bpf: adjust several test_verifier helpers for insn
insertion
selftests: bpf: enable hi32 randomization for all tests
arm: bpf: eliminate zero extension code-gen
powerpc: bpf: eliminate zero extension code-gen
s390: bpf: eliminate zero extension code-gen
sparc: bpf: eliminate zero extension code-gen
x32: bpf: eliminate zero extension code-gen
riscv: bpf: eliminate zero extension code-gen
nfp: bpf: eliminate zero extension code-gen
arch/arm/net/bpf_jit_32.c | 42 ++-
arch/powerpc/net/bpf_jit_comp64.c | 36 ++-
arch/riscv/net/bpf_jit_comp.c | 43 ++-
arch/s390/net/bpf_jit_comp.c | 41 ++-
arch/sparc/net/bpf_jit_comp_64.c | 29 +-
arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp32.c | 83 ++++--
drivers/net/ethernet/netronome/nfp/bpf/jit.c | 115 ++++----
drivers/net/ethernet/netronome/nfp/bpf/main.h | 2 +
drivers/net/ethernet/netronome/nfp/bpf/verifier.c | 12 +
include/linux/bpf.h | 1 +
include/linux/bpf_verifier.h | 14 +-
include/linux/filter.h | 15 ++
include/uapi/linux/bpf.h | 18 ++
kernel/bpf/core.c | 9 +
kernel/bpf/syscall.c | 4 +-
kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 299 +++++++++++++++++++--
tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h | 18 ++
tools/lib/bpf/bpf.c | 1 +
tools/lib/bpf/bpf.h | 1 +
tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c | 3 +
tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h | 1 +
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile | 10 +-
.../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c | 1 +
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_sock_addr.c | 1 +
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_sock_fields.c | 1 +
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_socket_cookie.c | 1 +
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_stub.c | 40 +++
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c | 31 ++-
28 files changed, 725 insertions(+), 147 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_stub.c
--
2.7.4
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