Date:   Wed, 10 Jul 2019 21:56:26 -0700
From:   Andrii Nakryiko <andrii.nakryiko@...il.com>
To:     Yonghong Song <yhs@...com>
Cc:     Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@...com>, Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...com>,
        "daniel@...earbox.net" <daniel@...earbox.net>,
        "bpf@...r.kernel.org" <bpf@...r.kernel.org>,
        "netdev@...r.kernel.org" <netdev@...r.kernel.org>,
        Kernel Team <Kernel-team@...com>, Martin Lau <kafai@...com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH bpf] bpf: fix BTF verifier size resolution logic

On Wed, Jul 10, 2019 at 9:14 PM Yonghong Song <yhs@...com> wrote:
>
>
>
> On 7/10/19 6:45 PM, Andrii Nakryiko wrote:
> > On Wed, Jul 10, 2019 at 5:36 PM Yonghong Song <yhs@...com> wrote:
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> On 7/10/19 5:29 PM, Andrii Nakryiko wrote:
> >>> On Wed, Jul 10, 2019 at 5:16 PM Yonghong Song <yhs@...com> wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>> On 7/10/19 1:08 AM, Andrii Nakryiko wrote:
> >>>>> BTF verifier has Different logic depending on whether we are following
> >>>>> a PTR or STRUCT/ARRAY (or something else). This is an optimization to
> >>>>> stop early in DFS traversal while resolving BTF types. But it also
> >>>>> results in a size resolution bug, when there is a chain, e.g., of PTR ->
> >>>>> TYPEDEF -> ARRAY, in which case due to being in pointer context ARRAY
> >>>>> size won't be resolved, as it is considered to be a sink for pointer,
> >>>>> leading to TYPEDEF being in RESOLVED state with zero size, which is
> >>>>> completely wrong.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Optimization is doubtful, though, as btf_check_all_types() will iterate
> >>>>> over all BTF types anyways, so the only saving is a potentially slightly
> >>>>> shorter stack. But correctness is more important that tiny savings.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> This bug manifests itself in rejecting BTF-defined maps that use array
> >>>>> typedef as a value type:
> >>>>>
> >>>>> typedef int array_t[16];
> >>>>>
> >>>>> struct {
> >>>>>         __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY);
> >>>>>         __type(value, array_t); /* i.e., array_t *value; */
> >>>>> } test_map SEC(".maps");
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Fixes: eb3f595dab40 ("bpf: btf: Validate type reference")
> >>>>> Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@...com>
> >>>>> Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@...com>
> >>>>
> >>>> The change seems okay to me. Currently, looks like intermediate
> >>>> modifier type will carry size = 0 (in the internal data structure).
> >>>
> >>> Yes, which is totally wrong, especially that we use that size in some
> >>> cases to reject map with specified BTF.
> >>>
> >>>>
> >>>> If we remove RESOLVE logic, we probably want to double check
> >>>> whether we handle circular types correctly or not. Maybe we will
> >>>> be okay if all self tests pass.
> >>>
> >>> I checked, it does. We'll attempt to add referenced type unless it's a
> >>> "resolve sink" (where size is immediately known) or is already
> >>> resolved (it's state is RESOLVED). In other cases, we'll attempt to
> >>> env_stack_push(), which check that the state of that type is
> >>> NOT_VISITED. If it's RESOLVED or VISITED, it returns -EEXISTS. When
> >>> type is added into the stack, it's resolve state goes from NOT_VISITED
> >>> to VISITED.
> >>>
> >>> So, if there is a loop, then we'll detect it as soon as we'll attempt
> >>> to add the same type onto the stack second time.
> >>>
> >>>>
> >>>> I may still be worthwhile to qualify the RESOLVE optimization benefit
> >>>> before removing it.
> >>>
> >>> I don't think there is any, because every type will be visited exactly
> >>> once, due to DFS nature of algorithm. The only difference is that if
> >>> we have a long chain of modifiers, we can technically reach the max
> >>> limit and fail. But at 32 I think it's pretty unrealistic to have such
> >>> a long chain of PTR/TYPEDEF/CONST/VOLATILE/RESTRICTs :)
> >>>
> >>>>
> >>>> Another possible change is, for external usage, removing
> >>>> modifiers, before checking the size, something like below.
> >>>> Note that I am not strongly advocating my below patch as
> >>>> it has the same shortcoming that maintained modifier type
> >>>> size may not be correct.
> >>>
> >>> I don't think your patch helps, it can actually confuse things even
> >>> more. It skips modifiers until underlying type is found, but you still
> >>> don't guarantee that at that time that underlying type will have its
> >>> size resolved.
> >>
> >> It actually does help. It does not change the internal btf type
> >> traversal algorithms. It only change the implementation of
> >> an external API btf_type_id_size(). Previously, this function
> >> is used by externals and internal btf.c. I broke it into two,
> >> one internal __btf_type_id_size(), and another external
> >> btf_type_id_size(). The external one removes modifier before
> >> finding type size. The external one is typically used only
> >> after btf is validated.
> >
> > Sure, for external callers yes, it solves the problem. But there is
> > deeper problem: we mark modifier types RESOLVED before types they
> > ultimately point to are resolved. Then in all those btf_xxx_resolve()
> > functions we have check:
> >
> > if (!env_type_is_resolve_sink && !env_type_is_resolved)
> >    return env_stack_push();
> > else {
> >
> >    /* here we assume that we can calculate size of the type */
> >    /* so even if we traverse through all the modifiers and find
> > underlying type */
> >    /* that type will have resolved_size = 0, because we haven't
> > processed it yet */
> >    /* but we will just incorrectly assume that zero is *final* size */
> > }
> >
> > So I think that your patch is still just hiding the problem, not solving it.
> >
> > BTW, I've also identified part of btf_ptr_resolve() logic that can be
> > now safely removed (it's a special case that "restarts" DFS traversal
> > for modifiers, because they could have been prematurely marked
> > resolved). This is another sign that there is something wrong in an
> > algorithm.
> >
> > I'd rather remove unnecessary complexity and fix underlying problem,
> > especially given that there is no performance or correctness penalty.
>
> Could you create a special btf with type like
> typedef int a1;
> typedef a1 a2;
> ...
> typedef a65533 a65532;
> (maximum kernel allowed number of types is 64KB)
>
> In the BTF, the typedef order is reverse
> 1: typedef a65533 to 2
> 2: typedef ... to 3
> 3 ...
>
> So kernel won't run into deep recursion or panic?

Yeah I was just thinking about the need to generate artificially
constructed BTFs to stress-test BTF verification. Will add something.

>
> Thanks.
>
> >
> > I'll post v2 soon.
> >
> >>
> >> Will go through your other comments later.
> >>
> >>>
> >>>>
> >>>> diff --git a/kernel/bpf/btf.c b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
> >>>> index 546ebee39e2a..6f927c3e0a89 100644
> >>>> --- a/kernel/bpf/btf.c
> >>>> +++ b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
> >>>> @@ -620,6 +620,54 @@ static bool btf_type_int_is_regular(const struct
> >>>> btf_type *t)
> >>>>            return true;
> >>>>     }
> >>>>
> >>>> +static const struct btf_type *__btf_type_id_size(const struct btf *btf,
> >>>> +                                                u32 *type_id, u32
> >>>> *ret_size,
> >>>> +                                                bool skip_modifier)
> >>>> +{
> >>>> +       const struct btf_type *size_type;
> >>>> +       u32 size_type_id = *type_id;
> >>>> +       u32 size = 0;
> >>>> +
> >>>> +       size_type = btf_type_by_id(btf, size_type_id);
> >>>> +       if (size_type && skip_modifier) {
> >>>> +               while (btf_type_is_modifier(size_type))
> >>>> +                       size_type = btf_type_by_id(btf, size_type->type);
> >>>> +       }
> >>>> +
> >>>> +       if (btf_type_nosize_or_null(size_type))
> >>>> +               return NULL;
> >>>> +
> >>>> +       if (btf_type_has_size(size_type)) {
> >>>> +               size = size_type->size;
> >>>> +       } else if (btf_type_is_array(size_type)) {
> >>>> +               size = btf->resolved_sizes[size_type_id];
> >>>> +       } else if (btf_type_is_ptr(size_type)) {
> >>>> +               size = sizeof(void *);
> >>>> +       } else {
> >>>> +               if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!btf_type_is_modifier(size_type) &&
> >>>> +                                !btf_type_is_var(size_type)))
> >>>> +                       return NULL;
> >>>> +
> >>>> +               size = btf->resolved_sizes[size_type_id];
> >>>> +               size_type_id = btf->resolved_ids[size_type_id];
> >>>> +               size_type = btf_type_by_id(btf, size_type_id);
> >>>> +               if (btf_type_nosize_or_null(size_type))
> >>>> +                       return NULL;
> >>>> +       }
> >>>> +
> >>>> +       *type_id = size_type_id;
> >>>> +       if (ret_size)
> >>>> +               *ret_size = size;
> >>>> +
> >>>> +       return size_type;
> >>>> +}
> >>>> +
> >> [...]
> >

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