Date:   Sun, 22 Sep 2019 17:28:26 -0700
From:   Matt Cover <werekraken@...il.com>
To:     "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@...hat.com>
Cc:     davem@...emloft.net, ast@...nel.org, daniel@...earbox.net,
        kafai@...com, songliubraving@...com, yhs@...com,
        Jason Wang <jasowang@...hat.com>,
        Eric Dumazet <edumazet@...gle.com>,
        Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@...gle.com>,
        Matthew Cover <matthew.cover@...ckpath.com>,
        mail@...urcelik.de, pabeni@...hat.com,
        Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@...nd.com>,
        wangli39@...du.com, lifei.shirley@...edance.com,
        tglx@...utronix.de, netdev@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, bpf@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH net-next] tuntap: Fallback to automq on TUNSETSTEERINGEBPF
 prog negative return

On Sun, Sep 22, 2019 at 3:46 PM Matt Cover <werekraken@...il.com> wrote:
>
> On Sun, Sep 22, 2019 at 3:30 PM Matt Cover <werekraken@...il.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Sun, Sep 22, 2019 at 1:36 PM Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@...hat.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Sun, Sep 22, 2019 at 10:43:19AM -0700, Matt Cover wrote:
> > > > On Sun, Sep 22, 2019 at 5:37 AM Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@...hat.com> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > On Fri, Sep 20, 2019 at 11:58:43AM -0700, Matthew Cover wrote:
> > > > > > Treat a negative return from a TUNSETSTEERINGEBPF bpf prog as a signal
> > > > > > to fallback to tun_automq_select_queue() for tx queue selection.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Compilation of this exact patch was tested.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > For functional testing 3 additional printk()s were added.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Functional testing results (on 2 txq tap device):
> > > > > >
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] ========== tun no prog ==========
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] tuntap: tun_ebpf_select_queue() returned '-1'
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] tuntap: tun_automq_select_queue() ran
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] ========== tun prog -1 ==========
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] tuntap: bpf_prog_run_clear_cb() returned '-1'
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] tuntap: tun_ebpf_select_queue() returned '-1'
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] tuntap: tun_automq_select_queue() ran
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] ========== tun prog 0 ==========
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] tuntap: bpf_prog_run_clear_cb() returned '0'
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] tuntap: tun_ebpf_select_queue() returned '0'
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] ========== tun prog 1 ==========
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] tuntap: bpf_prog_run_clear_cb() returned '1'
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] tuntap: tun_ebpf_select_queue() returned '1'
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] ========== tun prog 2 ==========
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] tuntap: bpf_prog_run_clear_cb() returned '2'
> > > > > >   [Fri Sep 20 18:33:27 2019] tuntap: tun_ebpf_select_queue() returned '0'
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Signed-off-by: Matthew Cover <matthew.cover@...ckpath.com>
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > Could you add a bit more motivation data here?
> > > >
> > > > Thank you for these questions Michael.
> > > >
> > > > I'll plan on adding the below information to the
> > > > commit message and submitting a v2 of this patch
> > > > when net-next reopens. In the meantime, it would
> > > > be very helpful to know if these answers address
> > > > some of your concerns.
> > > >
> > > > > 1. why is this a good idea
> > > >
> > > > This change allows TUNSETSTEERINGEBPF progs to
> > > > do any of the following.
> > > >  1. implement queue selection for a subset of
> > > >     traffic (e.g. special queue selection logic
> > > >     for ipv4, but return negative and use the
> > > >     default automq logic for ipv6)
> > > >  2. determine there isn't sufficient information
> > > >     to do proper queue selection; return
> > > >     negative and use the default automq logic
> > > >     for the unknown
> > > >  3. implement a noop prog (e.g. do
> > > >     bpf_trace_printk() then return negative and
> > > >     use the default automq logic for everything)
> > > >
> > > > > 2. how do we know existing userspace does not rely on existing behaviour
> > > >
> > > > Prior to this change a negative return from a
> > > > TUNSETSTEERINGEBPF prog would have been cast
> > > > into a u16 and traversed netdev_cap_txqueue().
> > > >
> > > > In most cases netdev_cap_txqueue() would have
> > > > found this value to exceed real_num_tx_queues
> > > > and queue_index would be updated to 0.
> > > >
> > > > It is possible that a TUNSETSTEERINGEBPF prog
> > > > return a negative value which when cast into a
> > > > u16 results in a positive queue_index less than
> > > > real_num_tx_queues. For example, on x86_64, a
> > > > return value of -65535 results in a queue_index
> > > > of 1; which is a valid queue for any multiqueue
> > > > device.
> > > >
> > > > It seems unlikely, however as stated above is
> > > > unfortunately possible, that existing
> > > > TUNSETSTEERINGEBPF programs would choose to
> > > > return a negative value rather than return the
> > > > positive value which holds the same meaning.
> > > >
> > > > It seems more likely that future
> > > > TUNSETSTEERINGEBPF programs would leverage a
> > > > negative return and potentially be loaded into
> > > > a kernel with the old behavior.
> > >
> > > OK if we are returning a special
> > > value, shouldn't we limit it? How about a special
> > > value with this meaning?
> > > If we are changing an ABI let's at least make it
> > > extensible.
> > >
> >
> > A special value with this meaning sounds
> > good to me. I'll plan on adding a define
> > set to -1 to cause the fallback to automq.
> >
> > The way I was initially viewing the old
> > behavior was that returning negative was
> > undefined; it happened to have the
> > outcomes I walked through, but not
> > necessarily by design.
> >
> > In order to keep the new behavior
> > extensible, how should we state that a
> > negative return other than -1 is
> > undefined and therefore subject to
> > change. Is something like this
> > sufficient?
> >
> >   Documentation/networking/tc-actions-env-rules.txt
> >
> > Additionally, what should the new
> > behavior implement when a negative other
> > than -1 is returned? I would like to have
> > it do the same thing as -1 for now, but
> > with the understanding that this behavior
> > is undefined. Does this sound reasonable?
> >
> > > > > 3. why doesn't userspace need a way to figure out whether it runs on a kernel with and
> > > > >    without this patch
> > > >
> > > > There may be some value in exposing this fact
> > > > to the ebpf prog loader. What is the standard
> > > > practice here, a define?
> > >
> > >
> > > We'll need something at runtime - people move binaries between kernels
> > > without rebuilding then. An ioctl is one option.
> > > A sysfs attribute is another, an ethtool flag yet another.
> > > A combination of these is possible.
> > >
> > > And if we are doing this anyway, maybe let userspace select
> > > the new behaviour? This way we can stay compatible with old
> > > userspace...
> > >
> >
> > Understood. I'll look into adding an
> > ioctl to activate the new behavior. And
> > perhaps a method of checking which is
> > behavior is currently active (in case we
> > ever want to change the default, say
> > after some suitably long transition
> > period).
> >
>
> Unless of course we can simply state via
> documentation that any negative return
> for which a define doesn't exist is
> undefined behavior. In which case,
> there is no old vs new behavior and
> no need for an ioctl. Simply the
> understanding provided by the
> documentation.
>

On second thought, this again doesn't
solve for runtime determination.

How does this sound as a complete
solution for v2?

  1. leave the changes to
     tun_ebpf_select_queue() as they are
  2. update tun_select_queue() to only
     run tun_automq_select_queue() when
     ret == TUN_SSE_DO_AUTOMQ
     (this will also happen when !prog)
  3. add an ioctl or sysfs endpoint which
     allows for runtime querying of the
     TUNSETSTEERINGEBPF "capabilities"
     (if I can keep this more generic than
     return value, I will; e.g. perhaps
     one day it could be used to indicate
     a hookpoint specific bpf helper
     function or similar as a capability)
  4. add documentation on how to check
     "capabilities" and that any
     unspecified negative return value
     results in undefined behavior

> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > thanks,
> > > > > MST
> > > > >
> > > > > > ---
> > > > > >  drivers/net/tun.c | 20 +++++++++++---------
> > > > > >  1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
> > > > > >
> > > > > > diff --git a/drivers/net/tun.c b/drivers/net/tun.c
> > > > > > index aab0be4..173d159 100644
> > > > > > --- a/drivers/net/tun.c
> > > > > > +++ b/drivers/net/tun.c
> > > > > > @@ -583,35 +583,37 @@ static u16 tun_automq_select_queue(struct tun_struct *tun, struct sk_buff *skb)
> > > > > >       return txq;
> > > > > >  }
> > > > > >
> > > > > > -static u16 tun_ebpf_select_queue(struct tun_struct *tun, struct sk_buff *skb)
> > > > > > +static int tun_ebpf_select_queue(struct tun_struct *tun, struct sk_buff *skb)
> > > > > >  {
> > > > > >       struct tun_prog *prog;
> > > > > >       u32 numqueues;
> > > > > > -     u16 ret = 0;
> > > > > > +     int ret = -1;
> > > > > >
> > > > > >       numqueues = READ_ONCE(tun->numqueues);
> > > > > >       if (!numqueues)
> > > > > >               return 0;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > +     rcu_read_lock();
> > > > > >       prog = rcu_dereference(tun->steering_prog);
> > > > > >       if (prog)
> > > > > >               ret = bpf_prog_run_clear_cb(prog->prog, skb);
> > > > > > +     rcu_read_unlock();
> > > > > >
> > > > > > -     return ret % numqueues;
> > > > > > +     if (ret >= 0)
> > > > > > +             ret %= numqueues;
> > > > > > +
> > > > > > +     return ret;
> > > > > >  }
> > > > > >
> > > > > >  static u16 tun_select_queue(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb,
> > > > > >                           struct net_device *sb_dev)
> > > > > >  {
> > > > > >       struct tun_struct *tun = netdev_priv(dev);
> > > > > > -     u16 ret;
> > > > > > +     int ret;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > -     rcu_read_lock();
> > > > > > -     if (rcu_dereference(tun->steering_prog))
> > > > > > -             ret = tun_ebpf_select_queue(tun, skb);
> > > > > > -     else
> > > > > > +     ret = tun_ebpf_select_queue(tun, skb);
> > > > > > +     if (ret < 0)
> > > > > >               ret = tun_automq_select_queue(tun, skb);
> > > > > > -     rcu_read_unlock();
> > > > > >
> > > > > >       return ret;
> > > > > >  }
> > > > > > --
> > > > > > 1.8.3.1

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