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Date: Fri, 22 Nov 2019 15:09:31 -0800
From: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii.nakryiko@...il.com>
To: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>,
john fastabend <john.fastabend@...il.com>,
Networking <netdev@...r.kernel.org>, bpf <bpf@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH bpf-next v2 7/8] bpf, x86: emit patchable direct jump as
tail call
On Fri, Nov 22, 2019 at 12:08 PM Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net> wrote:
>
> Add initial code emission for *direct* jumps for tail call maps in
> order to avoid the retpoline overhead from a493a87f38cf ("bpf, x64:
> implement retpoline for tail call") for situations that allow for
> it, meaning, for known constant keys at verification time which are
> used as index into the tail call map. In case of Cilium which makes
> heavy use of tail calls, constant keys are used in the vast majority,
> only for a single occurrence we use a dynamic key.
>
> High level outline is that if the target prog is NULL in the map, we
> emit a 5-byte nop for the fall-through case and if not, we emit a
> 5-byte direct relative jmp to the target bpf_func + skipped prologue
> offset. Later during runtime, we patch these 5-byte nop/jmps upon
> tail call map update or deletions dynamically. Note that on x86-64
> the direct jmp works as we reuse the same stack frame and skip
> prologue (as opposed to some other JIT implementations).
>
> One of the issues is that the tail call map slots can change at any
> given time even during JITing. Therefore, we have two passes: i) emit
> nops for all patchable locations during main JITing phase until we
> declare prog->jited = 1 eventually. At this point the image is stable,
> not public yet and with all jmps disabled. While JITing, we collect
> additional info like poke->ip in order to remember the patch location
> for later modifications. In ii) bpf_tail_call_direct_fixup() walks
> over the progs poke_tab, locks the tail call maps poke_mutex to
> prevent from parallel updates and patches in the right locations via
> __bpf_arch_text_poke(). Note, the main bpf_arch_text_poke() cannot
> be used at this point since we're not yet exposed to kallsyms. For
> the update we use plain memcpy() since the image is not public and
> still in read-write mode. After patching, we activate that poke entry
> through poke->ip_stable. Meaning, at this point any tail call map
> updates/deletions are not going to ignore that poke entry anymore.
> Then, bpf_arch_text_poke() might still occur on the read-write image
> until we finally locked it as read-only. Both modifications on the
> given image are under text_mutex to avoid interference with each
> other when update requests come in in parallel for different tail
> call maps (current one we have locked in JIT and different one where
> poke->ip_stable was already set).
>
> Example prog:
>
> # ./bpftool p d x i 1655
> 0: (b7) r3 = 0
> 1: (18) r2 = map[id:526]
> 3: (85) call bpf_tail_call#12
> 4: (b7) r0 = 1
> 5: (95) exit
>
> Before:
>
> # ./bpftool p d j i 1655
> 0xffffffffc076e55c:
> 0: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
> 5: push %rbp
> 6: mov %rsp,%rbp
> 9: sub $0x200,%rsp
> 10: push %rbx
> 11: push %r13
> 13: push %r14
> 15: push %r15
> 17: pushq $0x0 _
> 19: xor %edx,%edx |_ index (arg 3)
> 1b: movabs $0xffff88d95cc82600,%rsi |_ map (arg 2)
> 25: mov %edx,%edx | index >= array->map.max_entries
> 27: cmp %edx,0x24(%rsi) |
> 2a: jbe 0x0000000000000066 |_
> 2c: mov -0x224(%rbp),%eax | tail call limit check
> 32: cmp $0x20,%eax |
> 35: ja 0x0000000000000066 |
> 37: add $0x1,%eax |
> 3a: mov %eax,-0x224(%rbp) |_
> 40: mov 0xd0(%rsi,%rdx,8),%rax |_ prog = array->ptrs[index]
> 48: test %rax,%rax | prog == NULL check
> 4b: je 0x0000000000000066 |_
> 4d: mov 0x30(%rax),%rax | goto *(prog->bpf_func + prologue_size)
> 51: add $0x19,%rax |
> 55: callq 0x0000000000000061 | retpoline for indirect jump
> 5a: pause |
> 5c: lfence |
> 5f: jmp 0x000000000000005a |
> 61: mov %rax,(%rsp) |
> 65: retq |_
> 66: mov $0x1,%eax
> 6b: pop %rbx
> 6c: pop %r15
> 6e: pop %r14
> 70: pop %r13
> 72: pop %rbx
> 73: leaveq
> 74: retq
>
> After; state after JIT:
>
> # ./bpftool p d j i 1655
> 0xffffffffc08e8930:
> 0: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
> 5: push %rbp
> 6: mov %rsp,%rbp
> 9: sub $0x200,%rsp
> 10: push %rbx
> 11: push %r13
> 13: push %r14
> 15: push %r15
> 17: pushq $0x0 _
> 19: xor %edx,%edx |_ index (arg 3)
> 1b: movabs $0xffff9d8afd74c000,%rsi |_ map (arg 2)
> 25: mov -0x224(%rbp),%eax | tail call limit check
> 2b: cmp $0x20,%eax |
> 2e: ja 0x000000000000003e |
> 30: add $0x1,%eax |
> 33: mov %eax,-0x224(%rbp) |_
> 39: jmpq 0xfffffffffffd1785 |_ [direct] goto *(prog->bpf_func + prologue_size)
> 3e: mov $0x1,%eax
> 43: pop %rbx
> 44: pop %r15
> 46: pop %r14
> 48: pop %r13
> 4a: pop %rbx
> 4b: leaveq
> 4c: retq
>
> After; state after map update (target prog):
>
> # ./bpftool p d j i 1655
> 0xffffffffc08e8930:
> 0: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
> 5: push %rbp
> 6: mov %rsp,%rbp
> 9: sub $0x200,%rsp
> 10: push %rbx
> 11: push %r13
> 13: push %r14
> 15: push %r15
> 17: pushq $0x0
> 19: xor %edx,%edx
> 1b: movabs $0xffff9d8afd74c000,%rsi
> 25: mov -0x224(%rbp),%eax
> 2b: cmp $0x20,%eax .
> 2e: ja 0x000000000000003e .
> 30: add $0x1,%eax .
> 33: mov %eax,-0x224(%rbp) |_
> 39: jmpq 0xffffffffffb09f55 |_ goto *(prog->bpf_func + prologue_size)
> 3e: mov $0x1,%eax
> 43: pop %rbx
> 44: pop %r15
> 46: pop %r14
> 48: pop %r13
> 4a: pop %rbx
> 4b: leaveq
> 4c: retq
>
> After; state after map update (no prog):
>
> # ./bpftool p d j i 1655
> 0xffffffffc08e8930:
> 0: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
> 5: push %rbp
> 6: mov %rsp,%rbp
> 9: sub $0x200,%rsp
> 10: push %rbx
> 11: push %r13
> 13: push %r14
> 15: push %r15
> 17: pushq $0x0
> 19: xor %edx,%edx
> 1b: movabs $0xffff9d8afd74c000,%rsi
> 25: mov -0x224(%rbp),%eax
> 2b: cmp $0x20,%eax .
> 2e: ja 0x000000000000003e .
> 30: add $0x1,%eax .
> 33: mov %eax,-0x224(%rbp) |_
> 39: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1) |_ fall-through nop
> 3e: mov $0x1,%eax
> 43: pop %rbx
> 44: pop %r15
> 46: pop %r14
> 48: pop %r13
> 4a: pop %rbx
> 4b: leaveq
> 4c: retq
>
> Nice bonus is that this also shrinks the code emission quite a bit
> for every tail call invocation.
>
> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>
> ---
> arch/x86/net/bpf_jit_comp.c | 282 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
> 1 file changed, 187 insertions(+), 95 deletions(-)
>
[...]
> +static int __bpf_arch_text_poke(void *ip, enum bpf_text_poke_type t,
> + void *old_addr, void *new_addr,
> + const bool text_live)
> +{
> + int (*emit_patch_fn)(u8 **pprog, void *func, void *ip);
> + const u8 *nop_insn = ideal_nops[NOP_ATOMIC5];
> + u8 old_insn[X86_PATCH_SIZE] = {};
> + u8 new_insn[X86_PATCH_SIZE] = {};
> + u8 *prog;
> + int ret;
> +
> + switch (t) {
> + case BPF_MOD_NOP_TO_CALL ... BPF_MOD_CALL_TO_NOP:
> + emit_patch_fn = emit_call;
> + break;
> + case BPF_MOD_NOP_TO_JUMP ... BPF_MOD_JUMP_TO_NOP:
> + emit_patch_fn = emit_jump;
> + break;
> + default:
> + return -ENOTSUPP;
> + }
> +
> + switch (t) {
> + case BPF_MOD_NOP_TO_CALL:
> + case BPF_MOD_NOP_TO_JUMP:
> + if (!old_addr && new_addr) {
> + memcpy(old_insn, nop_insn, X86_PATCH_SIZE);
> +
> + prog = new_insn;
> + ret = emit_patch_fn(&prog, new_addr, ip);
> + if (ret)
> + return ret;
> + break;
> + }
> + return -ENXIO;
> + case BPF_MOD_CALL_TO_CALL:
> + case BPF_MOD_JUMP_TO_JUMP:
> + if (old_addr && new_addr) {
> + prog = old_insn;
> + ret = emit_patch_fn(&prog, old_addr, ip);
> + if (ret)
> + return ret;
> +
> + prog = new_insn;
> + ret = emit_patch_fn(&prog, new_addr, ip);
> + if (ret)
> + return ret;
> + break;
> + }
> + return -ENXIO;
> + case BPF_MOD_CALL_TO_NOP:
> + case BPF_MOD_JUMP_TO_NOP:
> + if (old_addr && !new_addr) {
> + memcpy(new_insn, nop_insn, X86_PATCH_SIZE);
> +
> + prog = old_insn;
> + ret = emit_patch_fn(&prog, old_addr, ip);
> + if (ret)
> + return ret;
> + break;
> + }
> + return -ENXIO;
> + default:
There is this redundancy between BPF_MOD_xxx enums and
old_addr+new_addr (both encode what kind of transition it is), which
leads to this cumbersome logic. Would it be simpler to have
old_addr/new_addr determine whether it's X-to-NOP, NOP-to-Y, or X-to-Y
transition, while separate bool or simple BPF_MOD_CALL/BPF_MOD_JUMP
enum determining whether it's a call or a jump that we want to update.
Seems like that should be a simpler interface overall and cleaner
implementation?
> + return -ENOTSUPP;
> + }
> +
> + ret = -EBUSY;
> + mutex_lock(&text_mutex);
> + if (memcmp(ip, old_insn, X86_PATCH_SIZE))
> + goto out;
> + if (text_live)
> + text_poke_bp(ip, new_insn, X86_PATCH_SIZE, NULL);
> + else
> + memcpy(ip, new_insn, X86_PATCH_SIZE);
> + ret = 0;
> +out:
> + mutex_unlock(&text_mutex);
> + return ret;
> +}
> +
[...]
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