Date:   Fri, 19 Mar 2021 14:51:31 -0700
From:   Andrii Nakryiko <andrii.nakryiko@...il.com>
To:     Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@...com>
Cc:     bpf <bpf@...r.kernel.org>, Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>,
        Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>,
        Kernel Team <kernel-team@...com>,
        Networking <netdev@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH bpf-next 03/15] bpf: Refactor btf_check_func_arg_match

On Fri, Mar 19, 2021 at 12:32 PM Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@...com> wrote:
>
> On Thu, Mar 18, 2021 at 04:32:47PM -0700, Andrii Nakryiko wrote:
> > On Tue, Mar 16, 2021 at 12:01 AM Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@...com> wrote:
> > >
> > > This patch refactors the core logic of "btf_check_func_arg_match()"
> > > into a new function "do_btf_check_func_arg_match()".
> > > "do_btf_check_func_arg_match()" will be reused later to check
> > > the kernel function call.
> > >
> > > The "if (!btf_type_is_ptr(t))" is checked first to improve the indentation
> > > which will be useful for a later patch.
> > >
> > > Some of the "btf_kind_str[]" usages is replaced with the shortcut
> > > "btf_type_str(t)".
> > >
> > > Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@...com>
> > > ---
> > >  include/linux/btf.h |   5 ++
> > >  kernel/bpf/btf.c    | 159 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
> > >  2 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-)
> > >

[...]

> > > +               if (!btf_type_is_ptr(t)) {
> > > +                       bpf_log(log, "Unrecognized arg#%d type %s\n",
> > > +                               i, btf_type_str(t));
> > > +                       return -EINVAL;
> > > +               }
> > > +
> > > +               ref_t = btf_type_skip_modifiers(btf, t->type, NULL);
> > > +               ref_tname = btf_name_by_offset(btf, ref_t->name_off);
> >
> > these two seem to be used only inside else `if (ptr_to_mem_ok)`, let's
> > move the code and variables inside that branch?
> It is kept here because the next patch uses it in
> another case also.

yeah, I saw that once I got to that patch, never mind

>
> >
> > > +               if (btf_get_prog_ctx_type(log, btf, t, env->prog->type, i)) {
> > >                         /* If function expects ctx type in BTF check that caller
> > >                          * is passing PTR_TO_CTX.
> > >                          */
> > > -                       if (btf_get_prog_ctx_type(log, btf, t, prog->type, i)) {
> > > -                               if (reg->type != PTR_TO_CTX) {
> > > -                                       bpf_log(log,
> > > -                                               "arg#%d expected pointer to ctx, but got %s\n",
> > > -                                               i, btf_kind_str[BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info)]);
> > > -                                       goto out;
> > > -                               }
> > > -                               if (check_ctx_reg(env, reg, i + 1))
> > > -                                       goto out;
> > > -                               continue;
> > > +                       if (reg->type != PTR_TO_CTX) {
> > > +                               bpf_log(log,
> > > +                                       "arg#%d expected pointer to ctx, but got %s\n",
> > > +                                       i, btf_type_str(t));
> > > +                               return -EINVAL;
> > >                         }
> > > +                       if (check_ctx_reg(env, reg, regno))
> > > +                               return -EINVAL;
> >
> > original code had `continue` here allowing to stop tracking if/else
> > logic. Any specific reason you removed it? It keeps logic simpler to
> > follow, imo.
> There is no other case after this.
> "continue" becomes redundant, so removed.

well, there is the entire "else if (ptr_to_mem_ok)" which now you need
to skip and go check if there is anything else that is supposed to
happen after if. `continue;`, on the other hand, makes it very clear
that nothing more is going to happen

>
> >
> > > +               } else if (ptr_to_mem_ok) {
> >
> > similarly to how you did reduction of nestedness with btf_type_is_ptr, I'd do
> >
> > if (!ptr_to_mem_ok)
> >     return -EINVAL;
> >
> > and let brain forget about another if/else branch tracking
> I don't see a significant difference.  Either way looks the same with
> a few more test cases, IMO.
>
> I prefer to keep it like this since there is
> another test case added in the next patch.
>
> There are usages with much longer if-else-if statement inside a
> loop in the verifier also without explicit "continue" in the middle
> or handle the last case differently and they are very readable.

It's a matter of taste, I suppose. I'd probably disagree with you on
the readability of those verifier parts ;) So it's up to you, of
course, but for me this code pattern:

for (...) {
    if (A) {
        handleA;
    } else if (B) {
        handleB;
    } else {
        return -EINVAL;
    }
}

is much harder to follow than more linear (imo)

for (...) {
    if (A) {
        handleA;
        continue;
    }

    if (!B)
        return -EINVAL;

    handleB;
}

especially if handleA and handleB are quite long and complicated.
Because I have to jump back and forth to validate that C is not
allowed/handled later, and that there is no common subsequent logic
for both A and B (or even C). In the latter code pattern there are
clear "only A" and "only B" logic and it's quite obvious that no C is
allowed/handled.

>
> >
> > > +                       const struct btf_type *resolve_ret;
> > > +                       u32 type_size;
> > >
> > > -                       if (!is_global)
> > > -                               goto out;
> > > -

[...]

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