Message-Id: <20210603065218.570867-17-jk@codeconstruct.com.au>
Date:   Thu,  3 Jun 2021 14:52:18 +0800
From:   Jeremy Kerr <jk@...econstruct.com.au>
To:     netdev@...r.kernel.org
Cc:     Andrew Jeffery <andrew@...id.au>,
        Matt Johnston <matt@...econstruct.com.au>
Subject: [PATCH RFC net-next 16/16] mctp: Add MCTP overview document

This change adds a brief document about the sockets API provided for
sending and receiving MCTP messages from userspace.

This is roughly based on the OpenBMC design document, at:

  https://github.com/openbmc/docs/blob/master/designs/mctp/mctp-kernel.md

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Kerr <jk@...econstruct.com.au>
---
 Documentation/networking/index.rst |   1 +
 Documentation/networking/mctp.rst  | 213 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 MAINTAINERS                        |   1 +
 3 files changed, 215 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/networking/mctp.rst

diff --git a/Documentation/networking/index.rst b/Documentation/networking/index.rst
index e9ce55992aa9..eea3a79f4ea0 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/networking/index.rst
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ Contents:
    l2tp
    lapb-module
    mac80211-injection
+   mctp
    mpls-sysctl
    mptcp-sysctl
    multiqueue
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/mctp.rst b/Documentation/networking/mctp.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3964771bbf0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/networking/mctp.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===============================================
+Management Controller Transport Protocol (MCTP)
+===============================================
+
+net/mctp/ contains protocol support for MCTP, as defined by DMTF standard
+DSP0236. Physical interface drivers ("bindings" in the specification) are
+provided in drivers/net/mctp/.
+
+The core code provides a socket-based interface to send and receive MCTP
+messages, through an AF_MCTP, SOCK_DGRAM socket.
+
+Structure: interfaces & networks
+================================
+
+The kernel models the local MCTP topology through two items: interfaces and
+networks.
+
+An interface (or "link") is an instance of an MCTP physical transport binding
+(as defined by DSP0236, section 3.2.47), likely connected to a specific hardware
+device. This is represented as a ``struct netdevice``.
+
+A network defines a unique address space for MCTP endpoints by endpoint-ID
+(described by DSP0236, section 3.2.31). A network has a user-visible identifier
+to allow references from userspace. Route definitions are specific to one
+network.
+
+Interfaces are associated with one network. A network may be associated with one
+or more interfaces.
+
+If multiple networks are present, each may contain endpoint IDs (EIDs) that are
+also present on other networks.
+
+Sockets API
+===========
+
+Protocol definitions
+--------------------
+
+MCTP uses ``AF_MCTP`` / ``PF_MCTP`` for the address- and protocol- families.
+Since MCTP is message-based, only ``SOCK_DGRAM`` sockets are supported.
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+    int sd = socket(AF_MCTP, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+
+The only (current) value for the ``protocol`` argument is 0.
+
+As with all socket address families, source and destination addresses are
+specified with a ``sockaddr`` type, with a single-byte endpoint address:
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+    typedef __u8		mctp_eid_t;
+
+    struct mctp_addr {
+            mctp_eid_t		s_addr;
+    };
+
+    struct sockaddr_mctp {
+            unsigned short int	smctp_family;
+            int			smctp_network;
+            struct mctp_addr	smctp_addr;
+            __u8		smctp_type;
+            __u8		smctp_tag;
+    };
+
+    #define MCTP_NET_ANY	0x0
+    #define MCTP_ADDR_ANY	0xff
+
+
+Syscall behaviour
+-----------------
+
+The following sections describe the MCTP-specific behaviours of the standard
+socket system calls. These behaviours have been chosen to map closely to the
+existing sockets APIs.
+
+``bind()`` : set local socket address
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Sockets that receive incoming request packets will bind to a local address,
+using the ``bind()`` syscall.
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+    struct sockaddr_mctp addr;
+
+    addr.smctp_family = AF_MCTP;
+    addr.smctp_network = MCTP_NET_ANY;
+    addr.smctp_addr.s_addr = MCTP_ADDR_ANY;
+    addr.smctp_type = MCTP_TYPE_PLDM;
+    addr.smctp_tag = MCTP_TAG_OWNER;
+
+    int rc = bind(sd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
+
+This establishes the local address of the socket. Incoming MCTP messages that
+match the network, address, and message type will be received by this socket.
+The reference to 'incoming' is important here; a bound socket will only receive
+messages with the TO bit set, to indicate an incoming request message, rather
+than a response.
+
+The ``smctp_tag`` value will configure the tags accepted from the remote side of
+this socket. Given the above, the only valid value is ``MCTP_TAG_OWNER``, which
+will result in remotely "owned" tags being routed to this socket. Since
+``MCTP_TAG_OWNER`` is set, the 3 least-significant bits of ``smctp_tag`` are not
+used; callers must set them to zero.
+
+A ``smctp_network`` value of ``MCTP_NET_ANY`` will configure the socket to
+receive incoming packets from any locally-connected network. A specific network
+value will cause the socket to only receive incoming messages from that network.
+
+The ``smctp_addr`` field specifies a local address to bind to. A value of
+``MCTP_ADDR_ANY`` configures the socket to receive messages addressed to any
+local destination EID.
+
+The ``smctp_type`` field specifies which message types to receive. Only the
+lower 7 bits of the type is matched on incoming messages (ie., the
+most-significant IC bit is not part of the match). This results in the socket
+receiving packets with and without a message integrity check footer.
+
+``sendto()``, ``sendmsg()``, ``send()`` : transmit an MCTP message
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+An MCTP message is transmitted using one of the ``sendto()``, ``sendmsg()`` or
+``send()`` syscalls. Using ``sendto()`` as the primary example:
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+    struct sockaddr_mctp addr;
+    char buf[14];
+    ssize_t len;
+
+    /* set message destination */
+    addr.smctp_family = AF_MCTP;
+    addr.smctp_network = 0;
+    addr.smctp_addr.s_addr = 8;
+    addr.smctp_tag = MCTP_TAG_OWNER;
+    addr.smctp_type = MCTP_TYPE_ECHO;
+
+    /* arbitrary message to send, with message-type header */
+    buf[0] = MCTP_TYPE_ECHO;
+    memcpy(buf + 1, "hello, world!", sizeof(buf) - 1);
+
+    len = sendto(sd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0,
+                    (struct sockaddr_mctp *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
+
+The network and address fields of ``addr`` define the remote address to send to.
+If ``smctp_tag`` has the ``MCTP_TAG_OWNER``, the kernel will ignore any bits set
+in ``MCTP_TAG_VALUE``, and generate a tag value suitable for the destination
+EID. If ``MCTP_TAG_OWNER`` is not set, the message will be sent with the tag
+value as specified. If a tag value cannot be allocated, the system call will
+report an errno of ``EAGAIN``.
+
+The application must provide the message type byte as the first byte of the
+message buffer passed to ``sendto()``. If a message integrity check is to be
+included in the transmitted message, it must also be provided in the message
+buffer, and the most-significant bit of the message type byte must be 1.
+
+The ``sendmsg()`` system call allows a more compact argument interface, and the
+message buffer to be specified as a scatter-gather list. At present no ancillary
+message types (used for the ``msg_control`` data passed to ``sendmsg()``) are
+defined.
+
+Transmitting a message on an unconnected socket with ``MCTP_TAG_OWNER``
+specified will cause an allocation of a tag, if no valid tag is already
+allocated for that destination. The (destination-eid,tag) tuple acts as an
+implicit local socket address, to allow the socket to receive responses to this
+outgoing message. If any previous allocation has been performed (to for a
+different remote EID), that allocation is lost.
+
+Sockets will only receive responses to requests they have sent (with TO=1) and
+may only respond (with TO=0) to requests they have received.
+
+``recvfrom()``, ``recvmsg()``, ``recv()`` : receive an MCTP message
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+An MCTP message can be received by an application using one of the
+``recvfrom()``, ``recvmsg()``, or ``recv()`` system calls. Using ``recvfrom()``
+as the primary example:
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+    struct sockaddr_mctp addr;
+    socklen_t addrlen;
+    char buf[14];
+    ssize_t len;
+
+    addrlen = sizeof(addr);
+
+    len = recvfrom(sd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0,
+                    (struct sockaddr_mctp *)&addr, &addrlen);
+
+    /* We can expect addr to describe an MCTP address */
+    assert(addrlen >= sizeof(buf));
+    assert(addr.smctp_family == AF_MCTP);
+
+    printf("received %zd bytes from remote EID %d\n", rc, addr.smctp_addr);
+
+The address argument to ``recvfrom`` and ``recvmsg`` is populated with the
+remote address of the incoming message, including tag value (this will be needed
+in order to reply to the message).
+
+The first byte of the message buffer will contain the message type byte. If an
+integrity check follows the message, it will be included in the received buffer.
+
+The ``recv()`` system call behaves in a similar way, but does not provide a
+remote address to the application. Therefore, these are only useful if the
+remote address is already known, or the message does not require a reply.
+
+Like the send calls, sockets will only receive responses to requests they have
+sent (TO=1) and may only respond (TO=0) to requests they have received.
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index d1fd014f9484..3a735d9f830d 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -10874,6 +10874,7 @@ M:	Jeremy Kerr <jk@...econstruct.com.au>
 M:	Matt Johnston <matt@...econstruct.com.au>
 L:	netdev@...r.kernel.org
 S:	Maintained
+F:	Documentation/networking/mctp.rst
 F:	drivers/net/mctp/
 F:	include/net/mctp.h
 F:	include/net/mctpdevice.h
-- 
2.30.2

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