netdev - [PATCH net-next 2/3] skbuff: rewrite the doc for data-only skbs

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Message-Id: <20220509160456.1058940-3-kuba@kernel.org>
Date:   Mon,  9 May 2022 09:04:55 -0700
From:   Jakub Kicinski <kuba@...nel.org>
To:     davem@...emloft.net
Cc:     netdev@...r.kernel.org, edumazet@...gle.com, pabeni@...hat.com,
        linux-doc@...r.kernel.org, corbet@....net, imagedong@...cent.com,
        dsahern@...il.com, talalahmad@...gle.com,
        Jakub Kicinski <kuba@...nel.org>
Subject: [PATCH net-next 2/3] skbuff: rewrite the doc for data-only skbs

The comment about shinfo->dataref split is really unhelpful,
at least to me. Rewrite it and render it to skb documentation.

Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@...nel.org>
---
 Documentation/networking/index.rst  |  1 +
 Documentation/networking/skbuff.rst |  6 +++++
 include/linux/skbuff.h              | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++---------
 3 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/networking/index.rst b/Documentation/networking/index.rst
index 72cf33579b78..a1c271fe484e 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/networking/index.rst
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ Refer to :ref:`netdev-FAQ` for a guide on netdev development process specifics.
    sctp
    secid
    seg6-sysctl
+   skbuff
    smc-sysctl
    statistics
    strparser
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/skbuff.rst b/Documentation/networking/skbuff.rst
index b4a008feceb4..94681523e345 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/skbuff.rst
+++ b/Documentation/networking/skbuff.rst
@@ -23,3 +23,9 @@ skb_clone() allows for fast duplication of skbs. None of the data buffers
 get copied, but caller gets a new metadata struct (struct sk_buff).
 &skb_shared_info.refcount indicates the number of skbs pointing at the same
 packet data (i.e. clones).
+
+dataref and headerless skbs
+---------------------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/skbuff.h
+   :doc: dataref and headerless skbs
diff --git a/include/linux/skbuff.h b/include/linux/skbuff.h
index d30c0a33c547..60d4ec30ef66 100644
--- a/include/linux/skbuff.h
+++ b/include/linux/skbuff.h
@@ -714,16 +714,32 @@ struct skb_shared_info {
 	skb_frag_t	frags[MAX_SKB_FRAGS];
 };
 
-/* We divide dataref into two halves.  The higher 16 bits hold references
- * to the payload part of skb->data.  The lower 16 bits hold references to
- * the entire skb->data.  A clone of a headerless skb holds the length of
- * the header in skb->hdr_len.
- *
- * All users must obey the rule that the skb->data reference count must be
- * greater than or equal to the payload reference count.
- *
- * Holding a reference to the payload part means that the user does not
- * care about modifications to the header part of skb->data.
+/**
+ * DOC: dataref and headerless skbs
+ *
+ * Transport layers send out clones of payload skbs they hold for
+ * retransmissions. To allow lower layers of the stack to prepend their headers
+ * we split &skb_shared_info.dataref into two halves.
+ * The lower 16 bits count the overall number of references.
+ * The higher 16 bits indicate how many of the references are payload-only.
+ * skb_header_cloned() checks if skb is allowed to add / write the headers.
+ *
+ * The creator of the skb (e.g. TCP) marks its skb as &sk_buff.nohdr
+ * (via __skb_header_release()). Any clone created from marked skb will get
+ * &sk_buff.hdr_len populated with the available headroom.
+ * If there's the only clone in existence it's able to modify the headroom
+ * at will. The sequence of calls inside the transport layer is::
+ *
+ *  <alloc skb>
+ *  skb_reserve()
+ *  __skb_header_release()
+ *  skb_clone()
+ *  // send the clone down the stack
+ *
+ * This is not a very generic construct and it depends on the transport layers
+ * doing the right thing. In practice there's usually only one payload-only skb.
+ * Having multiple payload-only skbs with different lengths of hdr_len is not
+ * possible. The payload-only skbs should never leave their owner.
  */
 #define SKB_DATAREF_SHIFT 16
 #define SKB_DATAREF_MASK ((1 << SKB_DATAREF_SHIFT) - 1)
@@ -2014,8 +2030,10 @@ static inline int skb_header_unclone(struct sk_buff *skb, gfp_t pri)
 }
 
 /**
- *	__skb_header_release - release reference to header
- *	@skb: buffer to operate on
+ * __skb_header_release() - allow clones to use the headroom
+ * @skb: buffer to operate on
+ *
+ * See "DOC: dataref and headerless skbs".
  */
 static inline void __skb_header_release(struct sk_buff *skb)
 {
-- 
2.34.3