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Date: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 09:19:20 -0700
From: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@...zon.com>
To: "David S. Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>,
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@...gle.com>,
Jakub Kicinski <kuba@...nel.org>,
Paolo Abeni <pabeni@...hat.com>
CC: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@...zon.com>,
Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuni1840@...il.com>,
<netdev@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: [PATCH v2 net-next 5/5] tcp: Introduce optional per-netns ehash.
The more sockets we have in the hash table, the longer we spend looking
up the socket. While running a number of small workloads on the same
host, they penalise each other and cause performance degradation.
The root cause might be a single workload that consumes much more
resources than the others. It often happens on a cloud service where
different workloads share the same computing resource.
On EC2 c5.24xlarge instance (196 GiB memory and 524288 (1Mi / 2) ehash
entries), after running iperf3 in different netns, creating 24Mi sockets
without data transfer in the root netns causes about 10% performance
regression for the iperf3's connection.
thash_entries sockets length Gbps
524288 1 1 50.7
24Mi 48 45.1
It is basically related to the length of the list of each hash bucket.
For testing purposes to see how performance drops along the length,
I set 131072 (1Mi / 8) to thash_entries, and here's the result.
thash_entries sockets length Gbps
131072 1 1 50.7
1Mi 8 49.9
2Mi 16 48.9
4Mi 32 47.3
8Mi 64 44.6
16Mi 128 40.6
24Mi 192 36.3
32Mi 256 32.5
40Mi 320 27.0
48Mi 384 25.0
To resolve the socket lookup degradation, we introduce an optional
per-netns hash table for TCP, but it's just ehash, and we still share
the global bhash, bhash2 and lhash2.
With a smaller ehash, we can look up non-listener sockets faster and
isolate such noisy neighbours. Also, we can reduce lock contention.
We can control the ehash size by a new sysctl knob. However, depending
on workloads, it will require very sensitive tuning, so we disable the
feature by default (net.ipv4.tcp_child_ehash_entries == 0). Moreover,
we can fall back to using the global ehash in case we fail to allocate
enough memory for a new ehash. The maximum size is 16Mi, which is large
enough that even if we have 48Mi sockets, the average list length is 3,
and regression would be less than 1%.
We can check the current ehash size by another read-only sysctl knob,
net.ipv4.tcp_ehash_entries. A negative value means the netns shares
the global ehash (per-netns ehash is disabled or failed to allocate
memory).
# dmesg | cut -d ' ' -f 5- | grep "established hash"
TCP established hash table entries: 524288 (order: 10, 4194304 bytes, vmalloc hugepage)
# sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_ehash_entries
net.ipv4.tcp_ehash_entries = 524288 # can be changed by thash_entries
# sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_child_ehash_entries
net.ipv4.tcp_child_ehash_entries = 0 # disabled by default
# ip netns add test1
# ip netns exec test1 sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_ehash_entries
net.ipv4.tcp_ehash_entries = -524288 # share the global ehash
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_child_ehash_entries=100
net.ipv4.tcp_child_ehash_entries = 100
# sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_child_ehash_entries
net.ipv4.tcp_child_ehash_entries = 128 # rounded up to 2^n
# ip netns add test2
# ip netns exec test2 sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_ehash_entries
net.ipv4.tcp_ehash_entries = 128 # own a per-netns ehash
When more than two processes in the same netns create per-netns ehash
concurrently with different sizes, we need to guarantee the size in
one of the following ways:
1) Share the global ehash and create per-netns ehash
First, unshare() with tcp_child_ehash_entries==0. It creates dedicated
netns sysctl knobs where we can safely change tcp_child_ehash_entries
and clone()/unshare() to create a per-netns ehash.
2) Control write on sysctl by BPF
We can use BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL to allow/deny read/write on
sysctl knobs.
Note the default values of two sysctl knobs depend on the ehash size and
should be tuned carefully:
tcp_max_tw_buckets : tcp_child_ehash_entries / 2
tcp_max_syn_backlog : max(128, tcp_child_ehash_entries / 128)
Also, we could optimise ehash lookup/iteration further by removing netns
comparison for the per-netns ehash in the future.
As a bonus, we can dismantle netns faster. Currently, while destroying
netns, we call inet_twsk_purge(), which walks through the global ehash.
It can be potentially big because it can have many sockets other than
TIME_WAIT in all netns. Splitting ehash changes that situation, where
it's only necessary for inet_twsk_purge() to clean up TIME_WAIT sockets
in each netns.
Signed-off-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@...zon.com>
---
Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst | 22 ++++++++++
include/net/inet_hashtables.h | 6 +++
include/net/netns/ipv4.h | 1 +
net/dccp/proto.c | 2 +
net/ipv4/inet_hashtables.c | 57 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
net/ipv4/inet_timewait_sock.c | 4 +-
net/ipv4/sysctl_net_ipv4.c | 58 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
net/ipv4/tcp.c | 1 +
net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c | 38 ++++++++++++++---
net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c | 9 +++-
10 files changed, 189 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst
index 56cd4ea059b2..6aea22a54634 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst
+++ b/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.rst
@@ -1037,6 +1037,28 @@ tcp_challenge_ack_limit - INTEGER
in RFC 5961 (Improving TCP's Robustness to Blind In-Window Attacks)
Default: 1000
+tcp_ehash_entries - INTEGER
+ Read-only number of hash buckets for TCP sockets in the current
+ networking namespace.
+
+ A negative value means the networking namespace does not own its
+ hash buckets and shares the initial networking namespace's one.
+
+tcp_child_ehash_entries - INTEGER
+ Control the number of hash buckets for TCP sockets in the child
+ networking namespace, which must be set before clone() or unshare().
+
+ The written value except for 0 is rounded up to 2^n. 0 is a special
+ value, meaning the child networking namespace will share the initial
+ networking namespace's hash buckets.
+
+ Note that the child will use the global one in case the kernel
+ fails to allocate enough memory.
+
+ Possible values: 0, 2^n (n: 0 - 24 (16Mi))
+
+ Default: 0
+
UDP variables
=============
diff --git a/include/net/inet_hashtables.h b/include/net/inet_hashtables.h
index 1ff5603cddff..8800fa2f9401 100644
--- a/include/net/inet_hashtables.h
+++ b/include/net/inet_hashtables.h
@@ -168,6 +168,8 @@ struct inet_hashinfo {
/* The 2nd listener table hashed by local port and address */
unsigned int lhash2_mask;
struct inet_listen_hashbucket *lhash2;
+
+ bool pernet;
};
static inline struct inet_hashinfo *tcp_or_dccp_get_hashinfo(const struct sock *sk)
@@ -214,6 +216,10 @@ static inline void inet_ehash_locks_free(struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo)
hashinfo->ehash_locks = NULL;
}
+struct inet_hashinfo *inet_pernet_hashinfo_alloc(struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo,
+ unsigned int ehash_entries);
+void inet_pernet_hashinfo_free(struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo);
+
struct inet_bind_bucket *
inet_bind_bucket_create(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct net *net,
struct inet_bind_hashbucket *head,
diff --git a/include/net/netns/ipv4.h b/include/net/netns/ipv4.h
index c7320ef356d9..6d9c01879027 100644
--- a/include/net/netns/ipv4.h
+++ b/include/net/netns/ipv4.h
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ struct netns_ipv4 {
int sysctl_tcp_pacing_ca_ratio;
int sysctl_tcp_wmem[3];
int sysctl_tcp_rmem[3];
+ unsigned int sysctl_tcp_child_ehash_entries;
unsigned long sysctl_tcp_comp_sack_delay_ns;
unsigned long sysctl_tcp_comp_sack_slack_ns;
int sysctl_max_syn_backlog;
diff --git a/net/dccp/proto.c b/net/dccp/proto.c
index 7cd4a6cc99fc..c548ca3e9b0e 100644
--- a/net/dccp/proto.c
+++ b/net/dccp/proto.c
@@ -1197,6 +1197,8 @@ static int __init dccp_init(void)
INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&dccp_hashinfo.bhash2[i].chain);
}
+ dccp_hashinfo.pernet = false;
+
rc = dccp_mib_init();
if (rc)
goto out_free_dccp_bhash2;
diff --git a/net/ipv4/inet_hashtables.c b/net/ipv4/inet_hashtables.c
index 643d3a7031eb..706abe7a3021 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/inet_hashtables.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/inet_hashtables.c
@@ -1145,3 +1145,60 @@ int inet_ehash_locks_alloc(struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo)
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inet_ehash_locks_alloc);
+
+struct inet_hashinfo *inet_pernet_hashinfo_alloc(struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo,
+ unsigned int ehash_entries)
+{
+ struct inet_hashinfo *new_hashinfo;
+ int i;
+
+ new_hashinfo = kmalloc(sizeof(*new_hashinfo), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!new_hashinfo)
+ goto err;
+
+ new_hashinfo->ehash = kvmalloc_array(ehash_entries,
+ sizeof(struct inet_ehash_bucket),
+ GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
+ if (!new_hashinfo->ehash)
+ goto free_hashinfo;
+
+ new_hashinfo->ehash_mask = ehash_entries - 1;
+
+ if (inet_ehash_locks_alloc(new_hashinfo))
+ goto free_ehash;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < ehash_entries; i++)
+ INIT_HLIST_NULLS_HEAD(&new_hashinfo->ehash[i].chain, i);
+
+ new_hashinfo->bind_bucket_cachep = hashinfo->bind_bucket_cachep;
+ new_hashinfo->bhash = hashinfo->bhash;
+ new_hashinfo->bind2_bucket_cachep = hashinfo->bind2_bucket_cachep;
+ new_hashinfo->bhash2 = hashinfo->bhash2;
+ new_hashinfo->bhash_size = hashinfo->bhash_size;
+
+ new_hashinfo->lhash2_mask = hashinfo->lhash2_mask;
+ new_hashinfo->lhash2 = hashinfo->lhash2;
+
+ new_hashinfo->pernet = true;
+
+ return new_hashinfo;
+
+free_ehash:
+ kvfree(new_hashinfo->ehash);
+free_hashinfo:
+ kfree(new_hashinfo);
+err:
+ return NULL;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inet_pernet_hashinfo_alloc);
+
+void inet_pernet_hashinfo_free(struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo)
+{
+ if (!hashinfo->pernet)
+ return;
+
+ inet_ehash_locks_free(hashinfo);
+ kvfree(hashinfo->ehash);
+ kfree(hashinfo);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inet_pernet_hashinfo_free);
diff --git a/net/ipv4/inet_timewait_sock.c b/net/ipv4/inet_timewait_sock.c
index 47ccc343c9fb..a5d40acde9d6 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/inet_timewait_sock.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/inet_timewait_sock.c
@@ -59,8 +59,10 @@ static void inet_twsk_kill(struct inet_timewait_sock *tw)
inet_twsk_bind_unhash(tw, hashinfo);
spin_unlock(&bhead->lock);
- if (refcount_dec_and_test(&tw->tw_dr->tw_refcount))
+ if (refcount_dec_and_test(&tw->tw_dr->tw_refcount)) {
+ inet_pernet_hashinfo_free(hashinfo);
kfree(tw->tw_dr);
+ }
inet_twsk_put(tw);
}
diff --git a/net/ipv4/sysctl_net_ipv4.c b/net/ipv4/sysctl_net_ipv4.c
index 5490c285668b..2bd323ade893 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/sysctl_net_ipv4.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/sysctl_net_ipv4.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ static u32 u32_max_div_HZ = UINT_MAX / HZ;
static int one_day_secs = 24 * 3600;
static u32 fib_multipath_hash_fields_all_mask __maybe_unused =
FIB_MULTIPATH_HASH_FIELD_ALL_MASK;
+static unsigned int tcp_child_ehash_entries_max = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
/* obsolete */
static int sysctl_tcp_low_latency __read_mostly;
@@ -382,6 +383,48 @@ static int proc_tcp_available_ulp(struct ctl_table *ctl,
return ret;
}
+static int proc_tcp_ehash_entries(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
+ void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+ struct net *net = container_of(table->data, struct net,
+ ipv4.sysctl_tcp_child_ehash_entries);
+ struct inet_hashinfo *hinfo = net->ipv4.tcp_death_row->hashinfo;
+ int tcp_ehash_entries;
+ struct ctl_table tbl;
+
+ tcp_ehash_entries = hinfo->ehash_mask + 1;
+
+ /* A negative number indicates that the child netns
+ * shares the global ehash.
+ */
+ if (!net_eq(net, &init_net) && !hinfo->pernet)
+ tcp_ehash_entries *= -1;
+
+ tbl.data = &tcp_ehash_entries;
+ tbl.maxlen = sizeof(int);
+
+ return proc_dointvec(&tbl, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
+}
+
+static int proc_tcp_child_ehash_entries(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
+ void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+ unsigned int tcp_child_ehash_entries;
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = proc_douintvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
+ if (!write || ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ tcp_child_ehash_entries = READ_ONCE(*(unsigned int *)table->data);
+ if (tcp_child_ehash_entries)
+ tcp_child_ehash_entries = roundup_pow_of_two(tcp_child_ehash_entries);
+
+ WRITE_ONCE(*(unsigned int *)table->data, tcp_child_ehash_entries);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
#ifdef CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_MULTIPATH
static int proc_fib_multipath_hash_policy(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
void *buffer, size_t *lenp,
@@ -1321,6 +1364,21 @@ static struct ctl_table ipv4_net_table[] = {
.extra1 = SYSCTL_ZERO,
.extra2 = SYSCTL_ONE,
},
+ {
+ .procname = "tcp_ehash_entries",
+ .data = &init_net.ipv4.sysctl_tcp_child_ehash_entries,
+ .mode = 0444,
+ .proc_handler = proc_tcp_ehash_entries,
+ },
+ {
+ .procname = "tcp_child_ehash_entries",
+ .data = &init_net.ipv4.sysctl_tcp_child_ehash_entries,
+ .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
+ .mode = 0644,
+ .proc_handler = proc_tcp_child_ehash_entries,
+ .extra1 = SYSCTL_ZERO,
+ .extra2 = &tcp_child_ehash_entries_max,
+ },
{
.procname = "udp_rmem_min",
.data = &init_net.ipv4.sysctl_udp_rmem_min,
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp.c b/net/ipv4/tcp.c
index 306b94dedc8d..08baf7f7ca96 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp.c
@@ -4788,6 +4788,7 @@ void __init tcp_init(void)
INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&tcp_hashinfo.bhash2[i].chain);
}
+ tcp_hashinfo.pernet = false;
cnt = tcp_hashinfo.ehash_mask + 1;
sysctl_tcp_max_orphans = cnt / 2;
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c
index f4a502d57d45..8792eb9561d0 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c
@@ -3110,15 +3110,43 @@ static void __net_exit tcp_sk_exit(struct net *net)
bpf_module_put(net->ipv4.tcp_congestion_control,
net->ipv4.tcp_congestion_control->owner);
if (refcount_dec_and_test(&tcp_death_row->tw_refcount)) {
+ inet_pernet_hashinfo_free(tcp_death_row->hashinfo);
kfree(tcp_death_row);
net->ipv4.tcp_death_row = NULL;
}
}
-static int __net_init tcp_sk_init(struct net *net)
+static void __net_init tcp_set_hashinfo(struct net *net)
{
- int cnt;
+ struct inet_hashinfo *hinfo;
+ unsigned int ehash_entries;
+ struct net *old_net;
+
+ if (net_eq(net, &init_net))
+ goto fallback;
+
+ old_net = current->nsproxy->net_ns;
+ ehash_entries = READ_ONCE(old_net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_child_ehash_entries);
+ if (!ehash_entries)
+ goto fallback;
+
+ hinfo = inet_pernet_hashinfo_alloc(&tcp_hashinfo, ehash_entries);
+ if (!hinfo) {
+ pr_warn("Failed to allocate TCP ehash (entries: %u) "
+ "for a netns, fallback to the global one\n",
+ ehash_entries);
+fallback:
+ hinfo = &tcp_hashinfo;
+ ehash_entries = tcp_hashinfo.ehash_mask + 1;
+ }
+ net->ipv4.tcp_death_row->hashinfo = hinfo;
+ net->ipv4.tcp_death_row->sysctl_max_tw_buckets = ehash_entries / 2;
+ net->ipv4.sysctl_max_syn_backlog = max(128U, ehash_entries / 128);
+}
+
+static int __net_init tcp_sk_init(struct net *net)
+{
net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_ecn = 2;
net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_ecn_fallback = 1;
@@ -3147,12 +3175,10 @@ static int __net_init tcp_sk_init(struct net *net)
net->ipv4.tcp_death_row = kzalloc(sizeof(struct inet_timewait_death_row), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!net->ipv4.tcp_death_row)
return -ENOMEM;
+
refcount_set(&net->ipv4.tcp_death_row->tw_refcount, 1);
- cnt = tcp_hashinfo.ehash_mask + 1;
- net->ipv4.tcp_death_row->sysctl_max_tw_buckets = cnt / 2;
- net->ipv4.tcp_death_row->hashinfo = &tcp_hashinfo;
+ tcp_set_hashinfo(net);
- net->ipv4.sysctl_max_syn_backlog = max(128, cnt / 128);
net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_sack = 1;
net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_window_scaling = 1;
net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_timestamps = 1;
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c
index 9168c5a33344..9b35752478a2 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c
@@ -349,6 +349,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tcp_twsk_destructor);
void tcp_twsk_purge(struct list_head *net_exit_list, int family)
{
+ bool purged_once = false;
struct net *net;
list_for_each_entry(net, net_exit_list, exit_list) {
@@ -365,8 +366,12 @@ void tcp_twsk_purge(struct list_head *net_exit_list, int family)
refcount_read(&net->ipv4.tcp_death_row->tw_refcount) == 1)
continue;
- inet_twsk_purge(&tcp_hashinfo, family);
- break;
+ if (net->ipv4.tcp_death_row->hashinfo->pernet) {
+ inet_twsk_purge(net->ipv4.tcp_death_row->hashinfo, family);
+ } else if (!purged_once) {
+ inet_twsk_purge(&tcp_hashinfo, family);
+ purged_once = true;
+ }
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tcp_twsk_purge);
--
2.30.2
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