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Message-ID: <ZJLbDiwsQnQkkZvy@calendula> Date: Wed, 21 Jun 2023 13:12:14 +0200 From: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@...filter.org> To: Florent Revest <revest@...omium.org> Cc: netfilter-devel@...r.kernel.org, coreteam@...filter.org, netdev@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, bpf@...r.kernel.org, kadlec@...filter.org, fw@...len.de, davem@...emloft.net, edumazet@...gle.com, kuba@...nel.org, pabeni@...hat.com, lirongqing@...du.com, wangli39@...du.com, zhangyu31@...du.com, daniel@...earbox.net, ast@...nel.org, kpsingh@...nel.org, stable@...r.kernel.org Subject: Re: [PATCH nf] netfilter: conntrack: Avoid nf_ct_helper_hash uses after free On Wed, Jun 21, 2023 at 12:20:44PM +0200, Florent Revest wrote: > On Tue, Jun 20, 2023 at 8:35 AM Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@...filter.org> wrote: > > > > On Thu, Jun 15, 2023 at 05:29:18PM +0200, Florent Revest wrote: > > > If register_nf_conntrack_bpf() fails (for example, if the .BTF section > > > contains an invalid entry), nf_conntrack_init_start() calls > > > nf_conntrack_helper_fini() as part of its cleanup path and > > > nf_ct_helper_hash gets freed. > > > > > > Further netfilter modules like netfilter_conntrack_ftp don't check > > > whether nf_conntrack initialized correctly and call > > > nf_conntrack_helpers_register() which accesses the freed > > > nf_ct_helper_hash and causes a uaf. > > > > > > This patch guards nf_conntrack_helper_register() from accessing > > > freed/uninitialized nf_ct_helper_hash maps and fixes a boot-time > > > use-after-free. > > > > How could this possibly happen? > > Here is one way to reproduce this bug: > > # Use nf/main > git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netfilter/nf.git > cd nf > > # Start from a minimal config > make LLVM=1 LLVM_IAS=0 defconfig > > # Enable KASAN, BTF and nf_conntrack_ftp > scripts/config -e KASAN -e BPF_SYSCALL -e DEBUG_INFO -e > DEBUG_INFO_DWARF_TOOLCHAIN_DEFAULT -e DEBUG_INFO_BTF -e > NF_CONNTRACK_FTP > make LLVM=1 LLVM_IAS=0 olddefconfig > > # Build without the LLVM integrated assembler > make LLVM=1 LLVM_IAS=0 -j `nproc` > > (Note that the use of LLVM_IAS=0, KASAN and BTF is just to trigger a > bug in BTF that will be fixed by > https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf.git/commit/?id=9724160b3942b0a967b91a59f81da5593f28b8ba > Independently of that specific BTF bug, it shows how an error in > nf_conntrack_bpf can cause a boot-time uaf in netfilter) > > Then, booting gives me: > > [ 4.624666] BPF: [13893] FUNC asan.module_ctor > [ 4.625611] BPF: type_id=1 > [ 4.626176] BPF: > [ 4.626601] BPF: Invalid name > [ 4.627208] BPF: > [ 4.627723] ================================================================== > [ 4.628610] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in > nf_conntrack_helper_register+0x129/0x2f0 > [ 4.628610] Read of size 8 at addr ffff888102d24000 by task swapper/0/1 > [ 4.628610] > [ 4.628610] CPU: 1 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted > 6.4.0-rc4-00244-gab39b113e747 #47 > [ 4.628610] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), > BIOS 1.16.0-debian-1.16.0-5 04/01/2014 > [ 4.628610] Call Trace: > [ 4.628610] <TASK> > [ 4.636584] i801_smbus 0000:00:1f.3: SMBus using PCI interrupt > [ 4.628610] dump_stack_lvl+0x97/0xd0 > [ 4.638738] i2c i2c-0: 1/1 memory slots populated (from DMI) > [ 4.628610] print_report+0x17e/0x570 > [ 4.640118] i2c i2c-0: Memory type 0x07 not supported yet, not > instantiating SPD > [ 4.628610] ? __virt_addr_valid+0xe4/0x160 > [ 4.628610] kasan_report+0x169/0x1a0 > [ 4.628610] ? nf_conntrack_helper_register+0x129/0x2f0 > [ 4.628610] nf_conntrack_helper_register+0x129/0x2f0 > [ 4.628610] nf_conntrack_helpers_register+0x24/0x60 > [ 4.628610] nf_conntrack_ftp_init+0x114/0x140 > [ 4.628610] ? __pfx_nf_conntrack_ftp_init+0x10/0x10 > [ 4.628610] do_one_initcall+0xe6/0x310 > [ 4.628610] ? kasan_set_track+0x61/0x80 > [ 4.628610] ? kasan_set_track+0x4f/0x80 > [ 4.628610] ? __kasan_kmalloc+0x72/0x90 > [ 4.628610] ? __kmalloc+0xa7/0x1a0 > [ 4.628610] ? do_initcalls+0x1b/0x70 > [ 4.628610] ? kernel_init_freeable+0x174/0x1e0 > [ 4.628610] ? kernel_init+0x18/0x1b0 > [ 4.628610] ? ret_from_fork+0x29/0x50 > [ 4.628610] ? sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xe/0x80 > [ 4.628610] ? asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 > [ 4.628610] ? __pfx_ignore_unknown_bootoption+0x10/0x10 > [ 4.628610] ? next_arg+0x20b/0x250 > [ 4.628610] ? strlen+0x21/0x40 > [ 4.628610] ? parse_args+0xc7/0x5f0 > [ 4.628610] do_initcall_level+0xa6/0x140 > [ 4.628610] do_initcalls+0x3e/0x70 > [ 4.628610] kernel_init_freeable+0x174/0x1e0 > [ 4.628610] ? __pfx_kernel_init+0x10/0x10 > [ 4.628610] kernel_init+0x18/0x1b0 > [ 4.628610] ? __pfx_kernel_init+0x10/0x10 > [ 4.628610] ret_from_fork+0x29/0x50 > [ 4.628610] </TASK> > [ 4.628610] > [ 4.628610] Allocated by task 1: > [ 4.628610] kasan_set_track+0x4f/0x80 > [ 4.628610] __kasan_kmalloc+0x72/0x90 > [ 4.628610] __kmalloc_node+0xa7/0x190 > [ 4.628610] kvmalloc_node+0x44/0x120 > [ 4.628610] nf_ct_alloc_hashtable+0x5b/0xe0 > [ 4.628610] nf_conntrack_helper_init+0x1f/0x60 > [ 4.628610] nf_conntrack_init_start+0x1c9/0x2d0 > [ 4.628610] nf_conntrack_standalone_init+0xb/0xa0 > [ 4.628610] do_one_initcall+0xe6/0x310 > [ 4.628610] do_initcall_level+0xa6/0x140 > [ 4.628610] do_initcalls+0x3e/0x70 > [ 4.628610] kernel_init_freeable+0x174/0x1e0 > [ 4.628610] kernel_init+0x18/0x1b0 > [ 4.628610] ret_from_fork+0x29/0x50 > [ 4.628610] > [ 4.628610] Freed by task 1: > [ 4.628610] kasan_set_track+0x4f/0x80 > [ 4.628610] kasan_save_free_info+0x2b/0x50 > [ 4.628610] ____kasan_slab_free+0x116/0x1a0 > [ 4.628610] __kmem_cache_free+0xc4/0x200 > [ 4.628610] nf_conntrack_init_start+0x29c/0x2d0 > [ 4.628610] nf_conntrack_standalone_init+0xb/0xa0 > [ 4.628610] do_one_initcall+0xe6/0x310 > [ 4.628610] do_initcall_level+0xa6/0x140 > [ 4.628610] do_initcalls+0x3e/0x70 > [ 4.628610] kernel_init_freeable+0x174/0x1e0 > [ 4.628610] kernel_init+0x18/0x1b0 > [ 4.628610] ret_from_fork+0x29/0x50 > [ 4.628610] > [ 4.628610] The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888102d24000 > [ 4.628610] which belongs to the cache kmalloc-4k of size 4096 > [ 4.628610] The buggy address is located 0 bytes inside of > [ 4.628610] freed 4096-byte region [ffff888102d24000, ffff888102d25000) > [ 4.628610] > [ 4.628610] The buggy address belongs to the physical page: > [ 4.628610] page:000000001eb64ba1 refcount:1 mapcount:0 > mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x102d20 > [ 4.628610] head:000000001eb64ba1 order:3 entire_mapcount:0 > nr_pages_mapped:0 pincount:0 > [ 4.628610] flags: 0x200000000010200(slab|head|node=0|zone=2) > [ 4.628610] page_type: 0xffffffff() > [ 4.628610] raw: 0200000000010200 ffff888100043040 dead000000000122 > 0000000000000000 > [ 4.628610] raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000040004 00000001ffffffff > 0000000000000000 > [ 4.628610] page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected > ... > > > nf_conntrack_ftp depends on nf_conntrack. > > > > If nf_conntrack fails to load, how can nf_conntrack_ftp be loaded? > > Is this maybe only true of dynamically loaded kmods ? With > CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK_FTP=y, it seems to me that nf_conntrack_ftp_init() > will be called as an __init function, independently of whether > nf_conntrack_init_start() succeeded or not. Am I missing something ? No idea, nf_conntrack init path invokes nf_conntrack_helper_init() which initializes the helper hashtable. How is it that you can nf_conntrack_helpers_register() call before the initialization path of nf_conntrack is run, that I don't know.
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