Message-ID: <20240910171458.219195-12-almasrymina@google.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2024 17:14:55 +0000
From: Mina Almasry <almasrymina@...gle.com>
To: netdev@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, 
	linux-doc@...r.kernel.org, linux-alpha@...r.kernel.org, 
	linux-mips@...r.kernel.org, linux-parisc@...r.kernel.org, 
	sparclinux@...r.kernel.org, linux-trace-kernel@...r.kernel.org, 
	linux-arch@...r.kernel.org, bpf@...r.kernel.org, 
	linux-kselftest@...r.kernel.org, linux-media@...r.kernel.org, 
	dri-devel@...ts.freedesktop.org
Cc: Mina Almasry <almasrymina@...gle.com>, "David S. Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>, 
	Eric Dumazet <edumazet@...gle.com>, Jakub Kicinski <kuba@...nel.org>, Paolo Abeni <pabeni@...hat.com>, 
	Donald Hunter <donald.hunter@...il.com>, Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>, 
	Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@...aro.org>, Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@...assic.park.msu.ru>, 
	Matt Turner <mattst88@...il.com>, Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@...ha.franken.de>, 
	"James E.J. Bottomley" <James.Bottomley@...senPartnership.com>, Helge Deller <deller@....de>, 
	Andreas Larsson <andreas@...sler.com>, Jesper Dangaard Brouer <hawk@...nel.org>, 
	Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@...aro.org>, Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>, 
	Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...nel.org>, Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@...icios.com>, 
	Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>, Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@...unet.com>, 
	Herbert Xu <herbert@...dor.apana.org.au>, David Ahern <dsahern@...nel.org>, 
	Willem de Bruijn <willemdebruijn.kernel@...il.com>, 
	"Björn Töpel" <bjorn@...nel.org>, Magnus Karlsson <magnus.karlsson@...el.com>, 
	Maciej Fijalkowski <maciej.fijalkowski@...el.com>, Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@...il.com>, 
	Shuah Khan <shuah@...nel.org>, Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>, 
	Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>, John Fastabend <john.fastabend@...il.com>, 
	Sumit Semwal <sumit.semwal@...aro.org>, 
	"Christian König" <christian.koenig@....com>, Pavel Begunkov <asml.silence@...il.com>, 
	David Wei <dw@...idwei.uk>, Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@...pe.ca>, Yunsheng Lin <linyunsheng@...wei.com>, 
	Shailend Chand <shailend@...gle.com>, Harshitha Ramamurthy <hramamurthy@...gle.com>, 
	Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@...ux.dev>, Jeroen de Borst <jeroendb@...gle.com>, 
	Praveen Kaligineedi <pkaligineedi@...gle.com>, Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@...il.com>, 
	Christoph Hellwig <hch@...radead.org>, Nikolay Aleksandrov <razor@...ckwall.org>, Taehee Yoo <ap420073@...il.com>
Subject: [PATCH net-next v26 11/13] net: add devmem TCP documentation

Add documentation outlining the usage and details of devmem TCP.

Signed-off-by: Mina Almasry <almasrymina@...gle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@...il.com>
Reviewed-by: Donald Hunter <donald.hunter@...il.com>

---

v25:
- Doc cleanups (Jakub)

v16:
- Add documentation on unbinding the NIC from dmabuf (Donald).
- Add note that any dmabuf should work (Donald).

v9: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20240403002053.2376017-14-almasrymina@google.com/
- Bagas doc suggestions.

v8:
- Applied docs suggestions (Randy). Thanks!

v7:
- Applied docs suggestions (Jakub).

v2:

- Missing spdx (simon)
- add to index.rst (simon)

---
 Documentation/networking/devmem.rst | 269 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 Documentation/networking/index.rst  |   1 +
 2 files changed, 270 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/networking/devmem.rst

diff --git a/Documentation/networking/devmem.rst b/Documentation/networking/devmem.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a55bf21f671c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/networking/devmem.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=================
+Device Memory TCP
+=================
+
+
+Intro
+=====
+
+Device memory TCP (devmem TCP) enables receiving data directly into device
+memory (dmabuf). The feature is currently implemented for TCP sockets.
+
+
+Opportunity
+-----------
+
+A large number of data transfers have device memory as the source and/or
+destination. Accelerators drastically increased the prevalence of such
+transfers.  Some examples include:
+
+- Distributed training, where ML accelerators, such as GPUs on different hosts,
+  exchange data.
+
+- Distributed raw block storage applications transfer large amounts of data with
+  remote SSDs. Much of this data does not require host processing.
+
+Typically the Device-to-Device data transfers in the network are implemented as
+the following low-level operations: Device-to-Host copy, Host-to-Host network
+transfer, and Host-to-Device copy.
+
+The flow involving host copies is suboptimal, especially for bulk data transfers,
+and can put significant strains on system resources such as host memory
+bandwidth and PCIe bandwidth.
+
+Devmem TCP optimizes this use case by implementing socket APIs that enable
+the user to receive incoming network packets directly into device memory.
+
+Packet payloads go directly from the NIC to device memory.
+
+Packet headers go to host memory and are processed by the TCP/IP stack
+normally. The NIC must support header split to achieve this.
+
+Advantages:
+
+- Alleviate host memory bandwidth pressure, compared to existing
+  network-transfer + device-copy semantics.
+
+- Alleviate PCIe bandwidth pressure, by limiting data transfer to the lowest
+  level of the PCIe tree, compared to the traditional path which sends data
+  through the root complex.
+
+
+More Info
+---------
+
+  slides, video
+    https://netdevconf.org/0x17/sessions/talk/device-memory-tcp.html
+
+  patchset
+    [PATCH net-next v24 00/13] Device Memory TCP
+    https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20240831004313.3713467-1-almasrymina@google.com/
+
+
+Interface
+=========
+
+
+Example
+-------
+
+tools/testing/selftests/net/ncdevmem.c:do_server shows an example of setting up
+the RX path of this API.
+
+
+NIC Setup
+---------
+
+Header split, flow steering, & RSS are required features for devmem TCP.
+
+Header split is used to split incoming packets into a header buffer in host
+memory, and a payload buffer in device memory.
+
+Flow steering & RSS are used to ensure that only flows targeting devmem land on
+an RX queue bound to devmem.
+
+Enable header split & flow steering::
+
+	# enable header split
+	ethtool -G eth1 tcp-data-split on
+
+
+	# enable flow steering
+	ethtool -K eth1 ntuple on
+
+Configure RSS to steer all traffic away from the target RX queue (queue 15 in
+this example)::
+
+	ethtool --set-rxfh-indir eth1 equal 15
+
+
+The user must bind a dmabuf to any number of RX queues on a given NIC using
+the netlink API::
+
+	/* Bind dmabuf to NIC RX queue 15 */
+	struct netdev_queue *queues;
+	queues = malloc(sizeof(*queues) * 1);
+
+	queues[0]._present.type = 1;
+	queues[0]._present.idx = 1;
+	queues[0].type = NETDEV_RX_QUEUE_TYPE_RX;
+	queues[0].idx = 15;
+
+	*ys = ynl_sock_create(&ynl_netdev_family, &yerr);
+
+	req = netdev_bind_rx_req_alloc();
+	netdev_bind_rx_req_set_ifindex(req, 1 /* ifindex */);
+	netdev_bind_rx_req_set_dmabuf_fd(req, dmabuf_fd);
+	__netdev_bind_rx_req_set_queues(req, queues, n_queue_index);
+
+	rsp = netdev_bind_rx(*ys, req);
+
+	dmabuf_id = rsp->dmabuf_id;
+
+
+The netlink API returns a dmabuf_id: a unique ID that refers to this dmabuf
+that has been bound.
+
+The user can unbind the dmabuf from the netdevice by closing the netlink socket
+that established the binding. We do this so that the binding is automatically
+unbound even if the userspace process crashes.
+
+Note that any reasonably well-behaved dmabuf from any exporter should work with
+devmem TCP, even if the dmabuf is not actually backed by devmem. An example of
+this is udmabuf, which wraps user memory (non-devmem) in a dmabuf.
+
+
+Socket Setup
+------------
+
+The socket must be flow steered to the dmabuf bound RX queue::
+
+	ethtool -N eth1 flow-type tcp4 ... queue 15
+
+
+Receiving data
+--------------
+
+The user application must signal to the kernel that it is capable of receiving
+devmem data by passing the MSG_SOCK_DEVMEM flag to recvmsg::
+
+	ret = recvmsg(fd, &msg, MSG_SOCK_DEVMEM);
+
+Applications that do not specify the MSG_SOCK_DEVMEM flag will receive an EFAULT
+on devmem data.
+
+Devmem data is received directly into the dmabuf bound to the NIC in 'NIC
+Setup', and the kernel signals such to the user via the SCM_DEVMEM_* cmsgs::
+
+		for (cm = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg); cm; cm = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cm)) {
+			if (cm->cmsg_level != SOL_SOCKET ||
+				(cm->cmsg_type != SCM_DEVMEM_DMABUF &&
+				 cm->cmsg_type != SCM_DEVMEM_LINEAR))
+				continue;
+
+			dmabuf_cmsg = (struct dmabuf_cmsg *)CMSG_DATA(cm);
+
+			if (cm->cmsg_type == SCM_DEVMEM_DMABUF) {
+				/* Frag landed in dmabuf.
+				 *
+				 * dmabuf_cmsg->dmabuf_id is the dmabuf the
+				 * frag landed on.
+				 *
+				 * dmabuf_cmsg->frag_offset is the offset into
+				 * the dmabuf where the frag starts.
+				 *
+				 * dmabuf_cmsg->frag_size is the size of the
+				 * frag.
+				 *
+				 * dmabuf_cmsg->frag_token is a token used to
+				 * refer to this frag for later freeing.
+				 */
+
+				struct dmabuf_token token;
+				token.token_start = dmabuf_cmsg->frag_token;
+				token.token_count = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if (cm->cmsg_type == SCM_DEVMEM_LINEAR)
+				/* Frag landed in linear buffer.
+				 *
+				 * dmabuf_cmsg->frag_size is the size of the
+				 * frag.
+				 */
+				continue;
+
+		}
+
+Applications may receive 2 cmsgs:
+
+- SCM_DEVMEM_DMABUF: this indicates the fragment landed in the dmabuf indicated
+  by dmabuf_id.
+
+- SCM_DEVMEM_LINEAR: this indicates the fragment landed in the linear buffer.
+  This typically happens when the NIC is unable to split the packet at the
+  header boundary, such that part (or all) of the payload landed in host
+  memory.
+
+Applications may receive no SO_DEVMEM_* cmsgs. That indicates non-devmem,
+regular TCP data that landed on an RX queue not bound to a dmabuf.
+
+
+Freeing frags
+-------------
+
+Frags received via SCM_DEVMEM_DMABUF are pinned by the kernel while the user
+processes the frag. The user must return the frag to the kernel via
+SO_DEVMEM_DONTNEED::
+
+	ret = setsockopt(client_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEVMEM_DONTNEED, &token,
+			 sizeof(token));
+
+The user must ensure the tokens are returned to the kernel in a timely manner.
+Failure to do so will exhaust the limited dmabuf that is bound to the RX queue
+and will lead to packet drops.
+
+
+Implementation & Caveats
+========================
+
+Unreadable skbs
+---------------
+
+Devmem payloads are inaccessible to the kernel processing the packets. This
+results in a few quirks for payloads of devmem skbs:
+
+- Loopback is not functional. Loopback relies on copying the payload, which is
+  not possible with devmem skbs.
+
+- Software checksum calculation fails.
+
+- TCP Dump and bpf can't access devmem packet payloads.
+
+
+Testing
+=======
+
+More realistic example code can be found in the kernel source under
+``tools/testing/selftests/net/ncdevmem.c``
+
+ncdevmem is a devmem TCP netcat. It works very similarly to netcat, but
+receives data directly into a udmabuf.
+
+To run ncdevmem, you need to run it on a server on the machine under test, and
+you need to run netcat on a peer to provide the TX data.
+
+ncdevmem has a validation mode as well that expects a repeating pattern of
+incoming data and validates it as such. For example, you can launch
+ncdevmem on the server by::
+
+	ncdevmem -s <server IP> -c <client IP> -f eth1 -d 3 -n 0000:06:00.0 -l \
+		 -p 5201 -v 7
+
+On client side, use regular netcat to send TX data to ncdevmem process
+on the server::
+
+	yes $(echo -e \\x01\\x02\\x03\\x04\\x05\\x06) | \
+		tr \\n \\0 | head -c 5G | nc <server IP> 5201 -p 5201
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/index.rst b/Documentation/networking/index.rst
index c71b87346178..08f437c326ab 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/networking/index.rst
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ Contents:
    cdc_mbim
    dccp
    dctcp
+   devmem
    dns_resolver
    driver
    eql
-- 
2.46.0.598.g6f2099f65c-goog

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