netdev - [PATCH bpf] bpf: Reject negative head_room in __bpf_skb_change

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Message-ID: <20251023125532.182262-1-daniel@iogearbox.net>
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 2025 14:55:32 +0200
From: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>
To: martin.lau@...ux.dev
Cc: bpf@...r.kernel.org,
	netdev@...r.kernel.org,
	Yinhao Hu <dddddd@...t.edu.cn>,
	Kaiyan Mei <M202472210@...t.edu.cn>,
	Dongliang Mu <dzm91@...t.edu.cn>
Subject: [PATCH bpf] bpf: Reject negative head_room in __bpf_skb_change_head

Yinhao et al. recently reported:

  Our fuzzing tool was able to create a BPF program which triggered
  the below BUG condition inside pskb_expand_head.

  [   23.016047][T10006] kernel BUG at net/core/skbuff.c:2232!
  [...]
  [   23.017301][T10006] RIP: 0010:pskb_expand_head+0x1519/0x1530
  [...]
  [   23.021249][T10006] Call Trace:
  [   23.021387][T10006]  <TASK>
  [   23.021507][T10006]  ? __pfx_pskb_expand_head+0x10/0x10
  [   23.021725][T10006]  __bpf_skb_change_head+0x22a/0x520
  [   23.021939][T10006]  bpf_skb_change_head+0x34/0x1b0
  [   23.022143][T10006]  ___bpf_prog_run+0xf70/0xb670
  [   23.022342][T10006]  __bpf_prog_run32+0xed/0x140
  [...]

The problem is that in __bpf_skb_change_head() we need to reject a
negative head_room as otherwise this propagates all the way to the
pskb_expand_head() from skb_cow(). For example, if the BPF test infra
passes a skb with gso_skb:1 to the BPF helper with a negative head_room
of -22, then this gets passed into skb_cow(). __skb_cow() in this
example calculates a delta of -86 which gets aligned to -64, and then
triggers BUG_ON(nhead < 0). Thus, reject malformed negative input.

Fixes: 3a0af8fd61f9 ("bpf: BPF for lightweight tunnel infrastructure")
Reported-by: Yinhao Hu <dddddd@...t.edu.cn>
Reported-by: Kaiyan Mei <M202472210@...t.edu.cn>
Reviewed-by: Dongliang Mu <dzm91@...t.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>
---
 net/core/filter.c | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/net/core/filter.c b/net/core/filter.c
index 76628df1fc82..fa06c5a08e22 100644
--- a/net/core/filter.c
+++ b/net/core/filter.c
@@ -3877,7 +3877,8 @@ static inline int __bpf_skb_change_head(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 head_room,
 	u32 new_len = skb->len + head_room;
 	int ret;
 
-	if (unlikely(flags || (!skb_is_gso(skb) && new_len > max_len) ||
+	if (unlikely(flags || (int)head_room < 0 ||
+		     (!skb_is_gso(skb) && new_len > max_len) ||
 		     new_len < skb->len))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-- 
2.43.0