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Message-ID: <20260119211212.55026-7-tom@herbertland.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Jan 2026 13:12:11 -0800
From: Tom Herbert <tom@...bertland.com>
To: davem@...emloft.net,
kuba@...nel.org,
netdev@...r.kernel.org,
justin.iurman@...ege.be
Cc: Tom Herbert <tom@...bertland.com>
Subject: [PATCH net-next v3 6/7] ipv6: Enforce Extension Header ordering
RFC8200 highly recommends that different Extension Headers be send in
a prescribed order and all Extension Header types occur at most once
in a packet with the exception of Destination Options that may
occur twice. This patch enforces the ordering be followed in received
packets. It also disregards Destination Options before the Routing
Header as those are unused in deployment and there is a proposal
to deprecate them in draft-herbert-deprecate-destops-before-rh.
The allowed order of Extension Headers is:
IPv6 header
Hop-by-Hop Options header
Routing header
Fragment header
Authentication header
Encapsulating Security Payload header
Destination Options header
Upper-Layer header
Each Extension Header may be present only once in a packet.
net.ipv6.enforce_ext_hdr_order is a sysctl to enable or disable
enforcement of Extension Header order. If it is set to zero then
Extension Header order and number of occurrences is not checked
in receive processing (except for Hop-by-Hop Options that
must be the first Extension Header and can only occur once in
a packet.
Signed-off-by: Tom Herbert <tom@...bertland.com>
---
include/net/netns/ipv6.h | 1 +
include/net/protocol.h | 16 ++++++++++++++++
net/ipv6/af_inet6.c | 1 +
net/ipv6/exthdrs.c | 2 ++
net/ipv6/ip6_input.c | 14 ++++++++++++++
net/ipv6/reassembly.c | 1 +
net/ipv6/sysctl_net_ipv6.c | 7 +++++++
net/ipv6/xfrm6_protocol.c | 2 ++
8 files changed, 44 insertions(+)
diff --git a/include/net/netns/ipv6.h b/include/net/netns/ipv6.h
index 34bdb1308e8f..2db56718ea60 100644
--- a/include/net/netns/ipv6.h
+++ b/include/net/netns/ipv6.h
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ struct netns_sysctl_ipv6 {
u8 fib_notify_on_flag_change;
u8 icmpv6_error_anycast_as_unicast;
u8 icmpv6_errors_extension_mask;
+ u8 enforce_ext_hdr_order;
};
struct netns_ipv6 {
diff --git a/include/net/protocol.h b/include/net/protocol.h
index b2499f88f8f8..70cc2d0fdc0c 100644
--- a/include/net/protocol.h
+++ b/include/net/protocol.h
@@ -50,6 +50,21 @@ struct net_protocol {
};
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
+
+/* Order of extension headers as prescribed in RFC8200. The ordering and
+ * number of extension headers in a packet can be enforced in IPv6 receive
+ * processing. Destination Options before the Routing Header is not included
+ * in the list as they are unused in deployment and it has been proposed that
+ * they be deprecated. See:
+ * www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-herbert-deprecate-destops-before-rh-01.txt
+ */
+#define IPV6_EXT_HDR_ORDER_HOP BIT(0)
+#define IPV6_EXT_HDR_ORDER_ROUTING BIT(1)
+#define IPV6_EXT_HDR_ORDER_FRAGMENT BIT(2)
+#define IPV6_EXT_HDR_ORDER_AUTH BIT(3)
+#define IPV6_EXT_HDR_ORDER_ESP BIT(4)
+#define IPV6_EXT_HDR_ORDER_DEST BIT(5)
+
struct inet6_protocol {
int (*handler)(struct sk_buff *skb);
@@ -61,6 +76,7 @@ struct inet6_protocol {
unsigned int flags; /* INET6_PROTO_xxx */
u32 secret;
+ u32 ext_hdr_order;
};
#define INET6_PROTO_NOPOLICY 0x1
diff --git a/net/ipv6/af_inet6.c b/net/ipv6/af_inet6.c
index bd29840659f3..43097360ce64 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/af_inet6.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/af_inet6.c
@@ -980,6 +980,7 @@ static int __net_init inet6_net_init(struct net *net)
net->ipv6.sysctl.max_dst_opts_len = IP6_DEFAULT_MAX_DST_OPTS_LEN;
net->ipv6.sysctl.max_hbh_opts_len = IP6_DEFAULT_MAX_HBH_OPTS_LEN;
net->ipv6.sysctl.fib_notify_on_flag_change = 0;
+ net->ipv6.sysctl.enforce_ext_hdr_order = 1;
atomic_set(&net->ipv6.fib6_sernum, 1);
net->ipv6.sysctl.ioam6_id = IOAM6_DEFAULT_ID;
diff --git a/net/ipv6/exthdrs.c b/net/ipv6/exthdrs.c
index 394e3397e4d4..2af16694db46 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/exthdrs.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/exthdrs.c
@@ -845,11 +845,13 @@ static int ipv6_rthdr_rcv(struct sk_buff *skb)
static const struct inet6_protocol rthdr_protocol = {
.handler = ipv6_rthdr_rcv,
.flags = INET6_PROTO_NOPOLICY,
+ .ext_hdr_order = IPV6_EXT_HDR_ORDER_ROUTING,
};
static const struct inet6_protocol destopt_protocol = {
.handler = ipv6_destopt_rcv,
.flags = INET6_PROTO_NOPOLICY,
+ .ext_hdr_order = IPV6_EXT_HDR_ORDER_DEST,
};
static const struct inet6_protocol nodata_protocol = {
diff --git a/net/ipv6/ip6_input.c b/net/ipv6/ip6_input.c
index 168ec07e31cc..5254ead5c226 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/ip6_input.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/ip6_input.c
@@ -366,6 +366,7 @@ void ip6_protocol_deliver_rcu(struct net *net, struct sk_buff *skb, int nexthdr,
const struct inet6_protocol *ipprot;
struct inet6_dev *idev;
unsigned int nhoff;
+ u32 ext_hdrs = 0;
SKB_DR(reason);
bool raw;
@@ -427,6 +428,19 @@ void ip6_protocol_deliver_rcu(struct net *net, struct sk_buff *skb, int nexthdr,
goto discard;
}
}
+
+ if (ipprot->ext_hdr_order &&
+ READ_ONCE(net->ipv6.sysctl.enforce_ext_hdr_order)) {
+ /* The protocol is an extension header and EH ordering
+ * is being enforced. Discard packet if we've already
+ * seen this EH or one that is lower in the order list
+ */
+ if (ipprot->ext_hdr_order <= ext_hdrs)
+ goto discard;
+
+ ext_hdrs |= ipprot->ext_hdr_order;
+ }
+
if (!(ipprot->flags & INET6_PROTO_NOPOLICY)) {
if (!xfrm6_policy_check(NULL, XFRM_POLICY_IN, skb)) {
SKB_DR_SET(reason, XFRM_POLICY);
diff --git a/net/ipv6/reassembly.c b/net/ipv6/reassembly.c
index 25ec8001898d..91dba72c5a3c 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/reassembly.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/reassembly.c
@@ -414,6 +414,7 @@ static int ipv6_frag_rcv(struct sk_buff *skb)
static const struct inet6_protocol frag_protocol = {
.handler = ipv6_frag_rcv,
.flags = INET6_PROTO_NOPOLICY,
+ .ext_hdr_order = IPV6_EXT_HDR_ORDER_FRAGMENT,
};
#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
diff --git a/net/ipv6/sysctl_net_ipv6.c b/net/ipv6/sysctl_net_ipv6.c
index d2cd33e2698d..543b6acdb11d 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/sysctl_net_ipv6.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/sysctl_net_ipv6.c
@@ -213,6 +213,13 @@ static struct ctl_table ipv6_table_template[] = {
.proc_handler = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
.extra2 = &ioam6_id_wide_max,
},
+ {
+ .procname = "enforce_ext_hdr_order",
+ .data = &init_net.ipv6.sysctl.enforce_ext_hdr_order,
+ .maxlen = sizeof(u8),
+ .mode = 0644,
+ .proc_handler = proc_dou8vec_minmax,
+ },
};
static struct ctl_table ipv6_rotable[] = {
diff --git a/net/ipv6/xfrm6_protocol.c b/net/ipv6/xfrm6_protocol.c
index ea2f805d3b01..5826edf67f64 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/xfrm6_protocol.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/xfrm6_protocol.c
@@ -197,12 +197,14 @@ static const struct inet6_protocol esp6_protocol = {
.handler = xfrm6_esp_rcv,
.err_handler = xfrm6_esp_err,
.flags = INET6_PROTO_NOPOLICY,
+ .ext_hdr_order = IPV6_EXT_HDR_ORDER_ESP,
};
static const struct inet6_protocol ah6_protocol = {
.handler = xfrm6_ah_rcv,
.err_handler = xfrm6_ah_err,
.flags = INET6_PROTO_NOPOLICY,
+ .ext_hdr_order = IPV6_EXT_HDR_ORDER_AUTH
};
static const struct inet6_protocol ipcomp6_protocol = {
--
2.43.0
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