phc-discussions - Multiply with CUDA

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Date: Fri, 19 Sep 2014 19:00:24 -0500 (CDT)
From: Steve Thomas <steve@...tu.com>
To: "discussions@...sword-hashing.net" <discussions@...sword-hashing.net>
Subject: Multiply with CUDA

I heard some people talking about multiply being slow on GPUs but still a little
faster than CPUs. This is why it's slow on Nvidia cards:
5.4.1. Arithmetic Instructions
http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-c-programming-guide/index.html#arithmetic-instructions

The first row is the number everyone quotes as the number of cuda cores per
multiprocessor, but depending on what you are doing it can be more or less.

With CC 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3, doing 24bit*24bit=48bit might be the best choice
using __umul24 and floating point multiply or just 16bit*16bit=32bit with
__umul24.

With CC 2.0 and 2.1 if these numbers include 32bit*32bit=high(32bit) then these
should be relatively fast.

With CC 3.0 and 3.5, since there are 1/6 integer multiplies vs floating point it
might be faster to do 12bit*12bit=24bit with floats.

With CC 5.0, to do integer multiply it takes "multiple instructions" (ie no
native integer multiply or small integer multiply) this may or may not be faster
than doing 12bit*12bit=24bit with floats.

* I think 32bit*32bit=high(32bit) costs the same as 32bit*32bit=32bit and is not
free like with CPUs**.
** Some CPUs have a higher latency on the high part. Intel's Nehalem is 10 vs 3,
but most are closer or no difference.

--------

Newer CPUs can do 64bit*64bit=128bit with a throughput of 1 per cycle and a
latency of 3 cycles (https://gmplib.org/~tege/x86-timing.pdf). When comparing
CPUs and GPUs with hash function speeds GPUs are ~10x faster than optimized SIMD
CPU code. So we're losing SIMD with multiply so that's a 8x hit. GPUs have a
similar hit on speed while doing smaller multiplies which is another ~4x
slowdown.

Last note, interleaving MULX (umul128), ADCX (_addcarryx_u64), and ADOX
(_addcarryx_u64) with VPMULUDQ (_mm256_mul_epu32) might get better performance
on CPUs. MULX and VPMULUDQ should be similar in speed since VPMULUDQ can do
4x(32bit*32bit=64bit) but there's 4x more work to do than doing 64bit*64bit=128.
Interleaving them should mask some of the latency.