Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2015 13:16:04 -0700
From: Bill Cox <waywardgeek@...il.com>
To: "discussions@...sword-hashing.net" <discussions@...sword-hashing.net>
Subject: Re: [PHC] Argon2

I have not looked carefully through the code, but I just ran a benchmark on
my machine from the git code.  It is very competitive speed-wise, and
multi-threaded, making Argon2d (not Argon2i) the 3rd algorithm that I feel
has potential as an Scrypt upgrade for applications that need 1GiB hashing
in < 1 second, assuming that with minimum t_cost it is secure in the other
required ways.

Quick summary of my benchmarks I ran today.  This is a 4GiB benchmark with
6 threads (matching my cores - optimal for all 3), and minimum t_cost:

Yescrypt (with 2 out of 3 PWXFORM rounds commented out): 0m0.668s
Argon2: 0m0.746s
Lyra2: 0m1.126s

Please feel free to correct me if I made mistakes!  However, these results
fit well with my expectations from what I've read so far.  They pass my
smell test.  There is some random variation in the runs.  Sometimes Argon2
is faster than Yescrypt, but it seems that more often Yescrypt is faster.
Note that Argon2i will be quite a bit slower, likely suffering the usual
2-3X speed penalty that we expect from cache-timing resistant algorithms.
This is why I prefer Argon2d for FDE applications.  Should I try to find
the time to review Argon2d?  Is Argon2d in the running, or only the revised
version of the original Argon?  I would rather focus on Argon2d, as I do
not feel the original Argon is competitive in either security or speed.

Here's a 1-thread run on my beastly 3.5 GHz Xeon(R) CPU E5-1650 v2 (best of
3 runs):

waywardgeek@...wardgeek:~/temp/Argon2/Argon2d/opt-sse$ time ./argon2d
-threads 1 -logmcost 20 -benchmark
Argon2d 1 pass(es)  1024 Mbytes 1 threads:  1.99 cpb 1990.49 Mcycles
 0.5968 seconds


real 0m0.599s
user 0m0.538s
sys 0m0.060s

It runs fastest on my machine with 6 threads, probably because I have 6 CPU
cores.  Here's a 4 GiB hash with 6 threads:

waywardgeek@...wardgeek:~/temp/Argon2/Argon2d/opt-sse$ time ./argon2d
-threads 6 -logmcost 22 -benchmark
Argon2d 1 pass(es)  4096 Mbytes 6 threads:  0.62 cpb 2474.90 Mcycles
 3.7161 seconds


real 0m0.746s
user 0m2.752s
sys 0m0.967s

This is _very_ respectable performance!  A 4 GiB hash in under 1 second is
quite usable for a LUKS decryption on boot for my own needs.

For comparison, here's Yescrypt running it's PHS function on 1GiB, but with
1/3 of the number of rounds as usual.  This is, if I am not mistaken,
roughly equivalent in complexity to 2 Blake2b rounds:

waywardgeek@...wardgeek:~/temp/yescrypt-v1/yescrypt/yescrypt-0.7.1$ !!
time ./phc-test
PHS("\xa8\xf1\xe0\x6c\x8a\x7f\x00\x00\x00\xc0\x7e\x6d\x8a\x7f\x00\x00\x98\xfd\x5e\x6d\x8a\x7f\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x6d\xaa\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00",
"\x73\x61\x6c\x74", 0, 17) = Allocating 16788480 memory
Allocating 1073753088 memory
"\xe0\x75\x0e\x14\xdc\x78\xf9\xcf\x28\xd8\x45\xce\x3d\x8c\xc0\x53\xc2\x3a\xa4\x4d\x63\x4e\x62\x08\xba\xc3\x46\x29\xd1\xd0\xef\x6d"

real 0m0.551s
user 0m0.494s
sys 0m0.056s

This is only slightly faster than Argon2's 1-thread case.  Here's Yescrypt
running on 6 threads:

waywardgeek@...wardgeek:~/temp/yescrypt-v1/yescrypt/yescrypt-0.7.1$ time
./phc-test
PHS("\xa8\x71\x4a\x7a\x24\x7f\x00\x00\x00\x40\xe8\x7a\x24\x7f\x00\x00\x98\x7d\xc8\x7a\x24\x7f\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x6d\xaa\x40\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00",
"\x73\x61\x6c\x74", 0, 19) = Allocating 67176448 memory
Allocating 4295034880 memory
"\x3a\x2d\xef\x92\x08\x1f\x9f\x19\xc6\x86\x8b\xd2\xc8\xcf\x53\x36\x66\x94\x0c\xf5\xe3\x45\xb8\x05\xd8\x60\x85\x84\xe0\x53\x5e\x1b"

real 0m0.668s
user 0m3.041s
sys 0m0.639s

The runtimes are fairly similar.  I also ran SSE-optimized Lyra2 with 1 GiB
on one thread:

waywardgeek@...wardgeek:~/temp/Lyra2-v3/Lyra2/src$ time ../bin/Lyra2
password salt 64 1 5465
Inputs:
Password: password
Password Length: 8
Salt: salt
Salt Length: 4
Output Length: 64
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parameters:
T: 1
R: 5465
C: 2046
Parallelism: 1
Sponge: Blake2
Sponge Blocks (bitrate): 12 = 768 bits
Memory: 1073413440 bytes
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Output:

K:
84|e8|9|93|a5|6c|7e|1c|3b|7e|42|4e|3d|8a|7e|e0|b0|f4|fa|6e|7b|23|db|a1|9|2c|f|fa|fc|9|ed|23|1f|8d|e9|ad|6d|88|35|22|a9|3b|c8|97|90|cf|2a|23|a6|ea|a4|57|4b|6|4d|3b|48|2d|de|f6|f4|5f|f1|2|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

real 0m0.857s
user 0m0.783s
sys 0m0.072s

Here's Lyra2 running with 6 threads:

waywardgeek@...wardgeek:~/temp/Lyra2-v3/Lyra2/src$ time ../bin/Lyra2
password salt 64 1 $((4*5460))
Inputs:
Password: password
Password Length: 8
Salt: salt
Salt Length: 4
Output Length: 64
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parameters:
T: 1
R: 21840
C: 2046
Parallelism: 6
Sponge: Blake2
Sponge Blocks (bitrate): 12 = 768 bits
Memory: 4289725440 bytes (IMPORTANT: This implementation is known to have
issues for such a large memory usage)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Output:

K:
4c|f6|ae|14|f5|df|8|19|9|7c|5|b5|59|8a|6|9d|8|f0|81|c8|24|35|93|4a|85|c|bb|16|d4|42|6|29|ae|ae|73|a4|e2|7b|32|66|23|37|ab|ca|bf|b9|b9|88|18|90|db|5|52|8d|8e|16|0|75|35|8a|5a|36|6e|1e|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

real 0m1.126s
user 0m5.099s
sys 0m1.064s




On Mon, Mar 30, 2015 at 3:18 AM, Dmitry Khovratovich <khovratovich@...il.com
> wrote:

> Dear all,
>
> Our team would like to present Argon2,  which summarizes the state of
> the art in the design of memory-hard functions.
>
> Argon2 is a streamlined and simple design. It aims at the highest
> memory filling rate, which is on par with the fastest PHC candidates
> (close to 0.6 cycles per byte per pass on a 1.8 GHz CPU), while still
> providing good defense against tradeoff attacks.
>
> Argon2 effectively uses multiple computing units. We designed a
> special permutation-based mode of operation to parallelize the
> computation of Argon2 and still resist tradeoff attacks (sequential
> computation, like in scrypt, is no longer possible/beneficial).
>
> The internal cryptographic permutation (part of the block-generating
> compression function) was optimized for simplicity (two Blake2b rounds
> on a larger state) and resistance to tradeoff attacks (it can not be
> computed iteratively and memoryless).
>
> We tried to pre-fix as many parameters as possible so that the users
> get fast and secure design out of the box with no need for special
> tuning. Those who now what they are doing, certainly can adjust the
> design to their own needs (choose another permutation, block size,
> etc.).
>
> Cryptographers can be interested in the new 8192-bit permutation we
> designed, a security proof for the parallel mode of operation, and an
> extension to Blake2 that enables arbitrary length outputs.
>
> Argon2 has two variants: Argon2d and Argon2i. Argon2d is faster and
> uses data-depending memory access, which makes it suitable for
> cryptocurrencies and applications with no threats from side-channel
> timing attacks. Argon2i uses data-independent memory access, which is
> preferred for password hashing and password-based key derivation.
> Argon2i is slower as it makes more passes over the memory to protect
> from tradeoff attacks (3 passes by default comparing to 1 default pass
> in Argon2d).
>
> Both Argon2d and Argon2i can be tested in PHC benchmarking frameworks,
> as the standard PHC API is provided. To benchmark either of them on
> your own machine, run a makefile in a
> corresponding "opt-sse" folder and run the executable with option
> "-benchmark".
>
> Webpage: https://www.cryptolux.org/index.php/Argon2
> Specification: https://www.cryptolux.org/images/0/0d/Argon2.pdf
> Implementation: https://github.com/khovratovich/Argon2
>
> Comments are welcome.
>
> --
> Best regards,
> Dmitry Khovratovich
>

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