phc-discussions - Re: [PHC] Argon2 modulo division

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Message-ID: <20150422165503.GA14797@bolet.org>
Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2015 18:55:03 +0200
From: Thomas Pornin <pornin@...et.org>
To: discussions@...sword-hashing.net
Subject: Re: [PHC] Argon2 modulo division

On Wed, Apr 22, 2015 at 09:13:21AM -0700, Bill Cox wrote:
> Why is password length not worth protecting better than we do now?

Hiding the password length is, generally, a lost cause. Or, rather, it
must first be addressed elsewhere. Consider, for instance, the following
scenarios:

 -- The password is sent from a client to an authentication server,
 as part of some HTTP POST request, within protection of SSL. Outsiders
 can see the encrypted SSL record lengths and infer the password length
 from that (with byte granularity if RC4 or GCM is used).

 -- The password is typed by a user on his keyboard. The attacker, from
 the adjacent cubicle (and out of direct sight !), records the typing
 noise with his smartphone, and then "analyzes" the recording (i.e.
 plays it at a slower rate) to count the keystrokes.

 -- The password is entered by a user who is assumed to follow the
 security guidelines published by his organization. These guidelines
 state that "a password shall consist of exactly eight characters"
 (yes, there are places where they say that passwords MUST NOT exceed
 eight characters; some even enforce it). Attackers know that, and thus
 know the password length.

If we really want to hide the password length, then we must hide it in
all the places where the length is observable, and this begins way
before the password reaches the hashing function. In a sense, the PHC
candidates already do all that is possible to hide the password length
by accepting all binary inputs up to 128 bytes (at least): it is now up
to the password provider (the system that collects the password from the
human user and transmits it to the hashing function) to ensure that the
password is adequately padded with bytes of value 0, so that the
password hashing function gets fixed-length inputs.

Hiding password _contents_ is still the responsibiity of the hash
function. In the three example scenarios above, only the password length
leaks, not the exact character values.

(Well, that's not completely true for the sound-recording example. Keys
from a given keyboard, pressed by a given user, tend to emit distinct
sounds. This is still substantially harder to exploit than merely
counting keystrokes.)

	--Thomas Pornin