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Message-ID: <4D8D9899.3080203@morningstarsecurity.com>
Date: Sat, 26 Mar 2011 20:41:13 +1300
From: Andrew Horton <andrew@...ningstarsecurity.com>
To: full-disclosure@...ts.grok.org.uk
Subject: WhatWeb v0.4.6 Released. Now with over 900
plugins!
Version 0.4.6 of WhatWeb is now released. Enjoy scanning the web.
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$ `$ $$$ $ `$ $$$ $ `$ $$$ $$' $ `$ `$$ $ `$ $$$ $ `$ $ `$ $$$'
$. $ $$$ $. $$$$$$ $. $$$$$$ `$ $. $ :' $. $ $$$ $. $$$$ $. $$$$$.
$::$ . $$$ $::$ $$$ $::$ $$$ $::$ $::$ . $$$ $::$ $::$ $$$$
$;;$ $$$ $$$ $;;$ $$$ $;;$ $$$ $;;$ $;;$ $$$ $$$ $;;$ $;;$ $$$$
$$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$ $$$ $$$$ $$$ $$$$ $$$$$$ $$$$$ $$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$'
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Readme for WhatWeb - Next generation web scanner.
By urbanadventurer aka Andrew Horton from Security-Assessment.com
Version: 0.4.6. March 25th, 2011
License: GPLv2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This product is subject to the terms detailed in the license agreement. For more information about
WhatWeb visit:
Homepage: http://www.morningstarsecurity.com/research/whatweb
Wiki: https://github.com/urbanadventurer/WhatWeb/wiki/
If you have any questions, comments or concerns regarding WhatWeb, please consult the documentation
prior to contacting one of the developers. Your feedback is always welcome.
Contents
========================================================================
1. About WhatWeb
2. Example Usage
3. Usage
4. Logging & Output
5. Plugins
6. Aggression
7. Recursive Spidering
8. Performance & Stability
9. Optional Dependencies
10. Release History
11. Credits
12. Updates & Additional Information
========================================================================
1. About WhatWeb
================================================================================
WhatWeb identifies websites. It's goal is to answer the question, "What is that Website?". WhatWeb
recognises web technologies including content management systems (CMS), blogging platforms,
statistic/analytics packages, JavaScript libraries, web servers, and embedded devices. WhatWeb has
over 900 plugins, each to recognise something different. WhatWeb also identifies version numbers,
email addresses, account ID's, web framework modules, SQL errors, and more.
WhatWeb can be stealthy and fast, or thorough but slow. WhatWeb supports an aggression level to
control the trade off between speed and reliability. When you visit a website in your browser, the
transaction includes many hints of what web technologies are powering that website. Sometimes a
single webpage visit contains enough information to identify a website but when it does not, WhatWeb
can interrogate the website further. The default level of aggression, called 'passive', is the
fastest and requires only one HTTP request of a website. This is suitable for scanning public
websites. More aggressive modes were developed for in penetration tests.
Most WhatWeb plugins are thorough and recognise a range of cues from subtle to obvious. For example,
most WordPress websites can be identified by the meta HTML tag, e.g. '<meta name="generator"
content="WordPress 2.6.5">', but a minority of WordPress websites remove this identifying tag but
this does not thwart WhatWeb. The WordPress WhatWeb plugin has over 15 tests, which include checking
the favicon, default installation files, login pages, and checking for "/wp-content/" within
relative links.
Features:
* Over 900 plugins
* Control the trade off between speed/stealth and reliability
* Plugins include example URLs
* Performance tuning. Control how many websites to scan concurrently.
* Multiple log formats: Brief (greppable), Verbose (human readable), XML, JSON, MagicTree,
RubyObject, MongoDB.
* Recursive web spidering
* Proxy support including TOR
* Custom HTTP headers
* Basic HTTP authentication
* Control over webpage redirection
* Nmap-style IP ranges
* Fuzzy matching
* Result certainty awareness
* Custom plugins defined on the command line
2. Example Usage
================================================================================
Using WhatWeb on a handful of websites (standard WhatWeb output is in colour):
$ ./whatweb slashdot.org reddit.com
http://reddit.com [302] HTTPServer[AkamaiGHost], RedirectLocation[http://www.reddit.com/],
Via-Proxy[1.1 bc1], IP[173.223.232.64], Akamai-Global-Host, Country[UNITED STATES][US]
http://slashdot.org [200] Script, HTTPServer[Unix][Apache/1.3.42 (Unix) mod_perl/1.31],
Google-Analytics[GA][32013], Via-Proxy[1.1 bc5],
UncommonHeaders[x-fry,x-varnish,x-xrds-location,slash_log_data], Apache[1.3.42][mod_perl/1.31],
HTML5, IP[216.34.181.45], OpenGraphProtocol[100000696822412], X-Powered-By[Slash 2.005001],
Title[Slashdot: News for nerds, stuff that matters],
Email[canadaboy@...pam.gmail.com,jbort@....com], Country[UNITED STATES][US]
http://www.reddit.com/ [200] Frame, PasswordField[passwd,passwd2], Script, HTTPServer['; DROP TABLE
servertypes; --], IP[203.97.86.202], JQuery, Cookies[reddit_first], Title[reddit: the voice of the
internet -- news before it happens], Country[NEW ZEALAND][NZ]
3. Usage
================================================================================
WhatWeb - Next generation web scanner.
Version 0.4.6 by Andrew Horton aka urbanadventurer from Security-Assessment.com
Homepage: http://www.morningstarsecurity.com/research/whatweb
Usage: whatweb [options] <URLs>
TARGET SELECTION:
<URLs> Enter URLs, filenames or nmap-format IP ranges.
Use /dev/stdin to pipe HTML directly
--input-file=FILE, -i Identify URLs found in FILE, e.g. -i /dev/stdin
--url-prefix Add a prefix to target URLs
--url-suffix Add a suffix to target URLs
--url-pattern Insert the targets into a URL. Requires --input-file,
e.g. www.example.com/%insert%/robots.txt
--example-urls, -e Add example URLs for each selected plugin to the target
list. By default will add example URLs for all plugins.
AGGRESSION LEVELS:
--aggression, -a=LEVEL The aggression level controls the trade-off between
speed/stealth and reliability. Default: 1
Aggression levels are:
1 (Passive) Make one HTTP request per target. Except for redirects.
2 (Polite) Reserved for future use
3 (Aggressive) Triggers aggressive plugin functions only when a
plugin matches passively.
4 (Heavy) Trigger aggressive functions for all plugins. Guess a
lot of URLs like Nikto.
HTTP OPTIONS:
--user-agent, -U=AGENT Identify as AGENT instead of WhatWeb/0.4.6.
--user, -u=<user:password> HTTP basic authentication
--header, -H Add an HTTP header. eg "Foo:Bar". Specifying a default
header will replace it. Specifying an empty value, e.g.
"User-Agent:" will remove the header.
--follow-redirect=WHEN Control when to follow redirects. WHEN may be `never',
`http-only', `meta-only', `same-site', `same-domain'
or `always'. Default: always
--max-redirects=NUM Maximum number of contiguous redirects. Default: 10
SPIDERING:
--recursion, -r Follow links recursively. Only follow links under the
path Default: off
--depth, -d Maximum recursion depth. Default: 10
--max-links, -m Maximum number of links to follow on one page
Default: 250
--spider-skip-extensions Redefine extensions to skip.
Default: zip,gz,tar,jpg,exe,png,pdf
PROXY:
--proxy <hostname[:port]> Set proxy hostname and port
Default: 8080
--proxy-user <username:password> Set proxy user and password
PLUGINS:
--plugins, -p Comma delimited set of selected plugins. Default is all.
Each element can be a directory, file or plugin name and
can optionally have a modifier, e.g. + or -
Examples: +/tmp/moo.rb,+/tmp/foo.rb
title,md5,+./plugins-disabled/
./plugins-disabled,-md5
--list-plugins, -l List the plugins
--info-plugins, -I Display information for all plugins. Optionally search
with keywords in a comma delimited list.
--custom-plugin Define a custom plugin called Custom-Plugin,
Examples: ":text=>'powered by abc'"
":regexp=>/powered[ ]?by ab[0-9]/"
":ghdb=>'intitle:abc \"powered by abc\"'"
":md5=>'8666257030b94d3bdb46e05945f60b42'"
"{:text=>'powered by abc'},{:regexp=>/abc [ ]?1/i}"
LOGGING & OUTPUT:
--verbose, -v Increase verbosity, use twice for plugin development.
--colour,--color=WHEN control whether colour is used. WHEN may be `never',
`always', or `auto'
--log-brief=FILE Log brief, one-line output
--log-verbose=FILE Log verbose output
--log-xml=FILE Log XML format
--log-json=FILE Log JSON format
--log-json-verbose=FILE Log JSON Verbose format
--log-magictree=FILE Log MagicTree XML format
--log-object=FILE Log Ruby object inspection format
--log-mongo-database Name of the MongoDB database
--log-mongo-collection Name of the MongoDB collection. Default: whatweb
--log-mongo-host MongoDB hostname or IP address. Default: 0.0.0.0
--log-mongo-username MongoDB username. Default: nil
--log-mongo-password MongoDB password. Default: nil
--log-errors=FILE Log errors
PERFORMANCE & STABILITY:
--max-threads, -t Number of simultaneous threads. Default: 25.
--open-timeout Time in seconds. Default: 60
--read-timeout Time in seconds. Default: 120
--wait=SECONDS Wait SECONDS between connections
This is useful when using a single thread.
HELP & MISCELLANEOUS:
--help, -h This help
--debug Raise errors in plugins
--version Display version information. (WhatWeb 0.4.6)
EXAMPLE USAGE:
whatweb example.com
whatweb -v example.com
whatweb -a 3 example.com
whatweb 192.168.1.0/24
4. Logging & Output
================================================================================
The following types of logging are supported:
--log-brief=FILE Brief, one-line, greppable format
--log-verbose=FILE Verbose
--log-xml=FILE XML format. XSL stylesheet is provided
--log-json=FILE JSON format
--log-json-verbose=FILE JSON verbose format
--log-magictree=FILE MagicTree XML format
--log-object=FILE Ruby object inspection format
--log-mongo-database Name of the MongoDB database
--log-mongo-collection Name of the MongoDB collection. Default: whatweb
--log-mongo-host MongoDB hostname or IP address. Default: 0.0.0.0
--log-mongo-username MongoDB username. Default: nil
--log-mongo-password MongoDB password. Default: nil
--log-errors=FILE Log errors. This is usually printed to the screen in red.
You can output to multiple logs simultaneously by specifying multiple command line logging options.
5. Plugins
================================================================================
To list the plugins supported:
$ ./whatweb -l
WhatWeb Plugin List
Plugin Name Description
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1024-CMS 1024 is one of a few CMS's leading the way with the i
360-Web-Manager 360-Web-Manager - homepage: http://www.360webmanager.
4images 4images is a powerful web-based image gallery managem
... (truncated - there are a lot)
To view more detail about a plugin or search plugins for a keyword:
$ ./whatweb -I phpBB
WhatWeb Plugin Information
Searching for phpBB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plugin Name Details
phpBB
Author: Andrew Horton
Version: 0.3
Examples: 16
Matches: 7
Passive function: Yes
Aggressive function: Yes
Version detection: Yes
Description:
phpBB is a free forum phpbb.org
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 plugins found
All plugins are loaded by default.
Plugins can be selected by directories, files or plugin names as a comma delimited list with the -p
or --plugin command line option.
Each list item may have a modifier: + adds to the full set, - removes from the full set and no
modifier overrides the defaults.
Examples :
--plugins +plugins-disabled,-foobar
--plugins +/tmp/moo.rb
--plugins foobar (only select foobar)
-p title,md5,+./plugins-disabled/
-p ./plugins-disabled,-md5
6. Aggression
================================================================================
WhatWeb features several levels of aggression. By default the aggression level is set to 1 (passive)
which sends a single HTTP GET request.
--aggression, -a
1 (Passive) Make one HTTP request per target. Except for redirects.
2 (Polite) Reserved for future use
3 (Aggressive) Triggers aggressive plugin functions only when a
plugin matches passively.
4 (Heavy) Trigger aggressive functions for all plugins. Guess a
lot of URLs like Nikto.
If aggression is enabled the aggressive plugins will guess more URLs and perform actions that are
potentially unsuitable without permission.
With the passive matches we know that smartor.is-root.com/forum/ is running phpBB version 2:
$ ./whatweb smartor.is-root.com/forum/
http://smartor.is-root.com/forum/ [200] PasswordField[password], HTTPServer[Apache/2.2.15],
PoweredBy[phpBB], Apache[2.2.15], IP[88.198.177.36], phpBB[2], PHP[5.2.13], test[Smartors Mods
Forums - Reloaded], X-Powered-By[PHP/5.2.13], Cookies[phpbb2mysql_data,phpbb2mysql_sid],
Title[Smartors Mods Forums - Reloaded], Country[GERMANY][DE]
With the aggressive matches in the phpBB plugin we know that the same website is running phpBB
version 2.0.20 or higher:
$ ./whatweb -p plugins/phpbb.rb -a 3 smartor.is-root.com/forum/
http://smartor.is-root.com/forum/ [200] phpBB[2,>2.0.20]
Note the use of the -p argument to select only the phpBB plugin. It is advisable, but not mandatory,
to select a specific plugin when attempting to fingerprint software versions in aggressive mode.
This approach is far more stealthy as it will limit the number of requests.
Do not use aggressive plugins with recursive site crawling. WhatWeb has no understanding of a
website, instead it currently treats each URL separately.
It also has no caching so if you use aggressive plugins with recursion you will fetch the same files
multiple times. The same is true for aggressive modes on redirecting URLs.
7. Recursive Spidering
================================================================================
The recursion option is used to scan some or all of a website with WhatWeb. Recursive spidering will
follow each link on a webpage if it is within the same website, then repeat the process on the
followed pages.
The configurable settings for recursive spidering are:
--recursion, -r Follow links recursively. Only follows links under the path (default: off)
--depth, -d Maximum recursion depth (default: 10)
--max-links, -m Maximum number of links to follow on one page (default: 250)
--spider-skip-extensions Redefine extensions to skip. (Default: zip,gz,tar,jpg,exe,png,pdf)
Limitations of the spidering. This follows links in <a> tags, these are the HTML tags designed
specifically for links. The spider does not obtain URLs from other sources. Some good choices for
future improvement are image tags, e.g. <img src="/images/boats.jpg">, form tags, e.g. <form
action="/vote.php">, URL paths in CSS files, etc.
The spider is provided by Anemone, a third party ruby gem. It doesn't follow redirects. For example
the URL treshna.com will fail and www.treshna.com will produce results.
8. Performance & Stability
================================================================================
WhatWeb features several options to increase performance and stability.
--max-threads, -t Number of simultaneous threads. Default: 25.
--open-timeout Time in seconds. Default: 60
--read-timeout Time in seconds. Default: 120
--wait=SECONDS Wait SECONDS between connections
This is useful when using a single thread.
The --wait and --max-threads commands can be used to assist in IDS evasion.
Furthermore, changing the user-agent using the -U or --user-agent command line option will avoid the
Snort IDS rule for WhatWeb.
Without the em-resolve-replace gem performance is significantly degraded.
If you are scanning ranges of IP addresses, it is much more efficient to use a port scanner like
nmap to discover which have port 80 open
before scanning with WhatWeb.
Character set detection, with the Charset plugin, required by JSON and MongoDB logging uses more CPU
than otherwise.
9. Optional Dependencies
================================================================================
Without the em-resolve-replace gem performance is significantly degraded.
gem install em-resolve-replace
To enable JSON logging install the json gem.
gem install json
To enable MongoDB logging install the mongo gem.
gem install mongo
To enable character set detection and MongoDB logging install the rchardet gem.
gem install rchardet
10. Release History
================================================================================
Version 0.3 Released at Kiwicon III (kiwicon.org), November 2nd, 2009
Version 0.4 Released March 14th, 2010
Version 0.4.1 Released April 28th, 2010
Version 0.4.2 Released April 30th, 2010
Version 0.4.3 Released May 24th, 2010
Version 0.4.4 Released June 29th, 2010
Version 0.4.5 Released August 17th, 2010
Version 0.4.6 Released March 25th, 2011
11. Credits
================================================================================
Written by urbanadventurer aka Andrew Horton from Security-Assessment.com
Homepage: http://www.morningstarsecurity.com/research/whatweb
License: GPLv2
Anemone library (used for spidering) is written by Chris Kite
Homepage: http://anemone.rubyforge.org/
License: MIT
DEVELOPERS
Andrew Horton
Brendan Coles
CONTRIBUTORS
Thank you to the following people who have contributed to WhatWeb
Emilio Casbas
Louis Nyffenegger
Patrik Wallström
Caleb Anderson
Tonmoy Saikia
Aung Khant
Erik Inge Bolsø
nk@...gned.gr
Michal Ambroz for writing the Makefile and Man pages
Gremwell for improving the MagicTree logging
12. Updates & Additional Information
================================================================================
The WhatWeb development build features regular updates.
* WhatWeb-dev: https://github.com/urbanadventurer/WhatWeb/
* WhatWeb-dev-unstable: https://github.com/bcoles/WhatWeb/
Browse the wiki for more documentation and advanced usage techniques.
* Wiki: https://github.com/urbanadventurer/WhatWeb/wiki/
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